konsep penjelajahan dan penerokaan

8/3/2019 Konsep Penjelajahan Dan Penerokaan

1/16

3.,3,3 1,9471,947 ,3 203/4743 :,8, ,7,9 20,:,3 503074,,3 /,3

5030,,,35,/,,-,/0/,3

!0303,,34 !03074,,3 -072,8:/2030/ 2030,, 203,,3 203,7:3 /,3

203,/,54 !030,,,3202-,, 2,8:/20303 ,9,: -07,,3 0 207,9,7,9, 9025,9

,9,:/,07,4 0,9,3503074,,3/,35030,,,3-,38,745,/08,380,,2,3:3,3

/,3#424 ,9,2,9 :9,2, :,8, ,7,9 -07:2-,:2-, :39:20,3.,7,3 0850/8

5030,,,3/,3503074,,3,/,,:39:203/,5,90,,,34/020,,347/,30,,2,,34850

8

07,,3#03,88,3.04 07,,3 3 207:-, .9,.9, /,3 -,38, 745, 8079, 20302, .7.7

:2,38203/;/:,82080:,78205027,3798/,37,843,8204 3899:8 070, ,3 2034343 5027,32,8,7,9 745, ,3 503,7:3,

/,32:3.:,2,3-,7:,32030,3,3050393,38,38/,390344

!0702-,3,3,59,820/,307,39,820 4 03,,,3 0,9,3 503:25:,3 24/, , 2 507803/7,3 /,3 5078,3,3

/,,2 5073,,,3 #,,7,, 30,7, -,38,202504547 50702-,3,3 ,59,820/03,39::,3203,:90,,,3/,3203::,30/:/:,32070,

4 !0702-,3,3 32030-,-,330,7,30,7,-,38,203,2,,3/,8,704342207,39,820 ,3 2030,3,3 /,8,7 203:25: 0,,,3 /,3 203,:90:39:3,320,:50,-:7,3/,,8,3,,8,3-,7:

030-,7,3,,2,789,3 4 #,,7,,745,/,3443,3 :-, 789,3 -07.9,.9, :39:20302-,3,3

,,2,789,3/:,7-03:,745,!,7,503/,,789,3-078,2,8,2,/03,38,:/,,78,:/,,733203074,,,,,-,7:/8,17,/,3207,

4 0507.,,,320303,!708947438047,3944,03/,789,3,3/507.,,203,8,8,307,,,3789,3/8,,9,: 17, 90,203:,9,3 033,347,3745,:39:203.,707,,,390780-:9

020.,,32434548,:/,,78,:/,,78,2 4 7,3745,20207:,3-,7,3-,7,3/,7%2:78050797025,7,9:8:-,9:-,9,3

/,3,5,8!07/,,3,37025,/:,8,4050/,,350/,,38,2/,39,,3203,:90:39:3,3-08,7/03,3203:,-,7,3-,7,390780-:95,/,,7,,393

4 0,/,,3 3 203/4743 30,7,30,7, 745, :8:83, !479:, /,3 $05,34203.,7 ,,3 ,:9 0 %2:7 :39:203/,5,9,3 -,7,3-,7,3 90780-:9 5,/, ,7,,32:7,070,:,2,:

4 020.,,324345507/,,3,38,:/,,78,:/,,78,2

!07,3$,-


2/16

4 !07,3$,- 202-07 50:,3 05,/, 47,3745,20250,,7 2: 50309,:,3/,,250-,,-/,3805079,89743420420972,902,98,38/,3507:-,9,3/,7/:3, 8,2 0,/,,3 3 20,7,3 -,38, 745, ,3 -0717,3 907-:, /,3203,2,,3,,/:5-,7:,9:8:,-078,78,7/,3-0,,7

4 !07,3 $,- :, 202-:, 745, 05,/, /:3, %2:7 070, 2,: 203:,8,507/,,3,37025,/%2:7/,75,/,8,:/,,77,-

!07:2-,,3/,39,7,30,7,30,7,-,38, 4 !079:8 $05,34 3,3/ /,3!07,3.8207:5,,3 30,7, -,38, ,3 -078,3

/,39,7, 8,9: 8,2, ,3, -079::,3 :39: 203/,5,9,3 -,,3-,,3 2039, /,35,8,7,3-,7:-,-,7,3-,7,32070,

02,:,3/,,29034450,,7,3 4 !0309,:,3 903, 9039,3047,1/,3 50,,7,3203,9,3 , 503074,,30

80-07,3,:9,38,745,202509,509,,303,59039,3-03:,745,/,3,:90/907,30,35,/,,-,/0

4 ,9805079425,82,309/,3,8794,-/.59,:39:202:/,,350,,7,3

!0309,:,39039,3/:3,:,7 4 ,9,9,3503,,2,3,7.4 !44 /,3 434390 .47;34 ,3 -07/2,9 / !,78

3/,/,33,203/47432,8,7,,9745,20,:,350302-,7,,3

4 ,:2,9,3907,3/:3/,,2-::-::,3/,8,34050302-,7,9039,33/,/,33,203,723,978945074:2-:820,3.,7,30850/820303/:3,

0825:,34 %07/,5,9-,3,1,947,3203/4743-,38,745,20,:,3,9;9503074,,3

/,35030,,,35,/,,-,/0/,3

4 9;9 503074,,3 3 90, 20::/,3 9,3, ,,,3 /,3 025,,7 ,3,:8203,, ,,3 507/,,3,3 / 80:7: /:3, /,3 202-039: 025,,7507/,,3,3


3/16

,3/3,39::,35030,,,3/,3503074,,3/,,29,2,/:3 8,2/,3%,2,/:3

,7,9

!0303,,3

01385030,,,3/,3503074,,3

03:7:9,2:80,35030,,,3,,507,2030,,20303,9,:

-07,,30207,9,9025,9:39:2030/,3,,,503074,,3,,507,

507-:,9,3203074,/,3203074,

,9,7-0,,35030,,,3/,3503074,,39,2,/:38,2

,9,7-0,,35030,,,3/,3503074,,39,2,/:3-,7,9

88503938,,5,3507:/507-,9,2-,,

%::,35030,,,3/,3503074,,38,2/,3,7,98

!030-,7,3,2,

!,7,503/,,8,22030,,080:7:/:3,:39:2030-,7,38,2$,,/-

-,6,890,-07/,,/3,$0,39:$0-/:/,3,:,3,,

-7,2/,39,70,,20,::,-,-,5:,/,39,70,2,3:39:

-07/,,/8,3,!,/,,2,3,1,&2,7,,99,-&2,98,290,

2030,,3,0!,78#42/,33,:39:2030-,7,38,2

09::,47,3745,/,,2%,2,/:3,7,92030,,:39:2030-,7,3

,,2,789,37,3789,3/,38,2-072:8:,380,507,38,-09:

47,3789,3-07,87,9:39:203,5:8,3503,7:8,2/,3203,39,33,

/03,3,,2,789,3,7,3,,,2070,203:,8,,,3507/,,3,3/,3

203,5:8,3243454507/,,3,3,3/:,8,4047,38,2/745,/,3

8,/0,5030,,,3:,/8443405,070,/,37,,7,,745,0


4/16

9:,,2,789,3.:-,/80-,7,3080:7:/:3,2030-,-,32070,02,7

2030,,0-03:,17,/,38,

033,9,32:!0309,:,3

/,3047,1/,350,,7,390,/9074,40:2,98,2$005,8,,8,2-0702-,3:,850309,:,3:2,98,2802,3-079,2-,9039,30/:/:,3

80-:,30,7,/,3-:2!,7,39009:,8,220250,,750-,,2:805079

,8974342047,1507:-,9,3/,75,/,507,/,-,3507,/,-,3,3

09::,/,,29,2,/:3-,7,920,:,3503074,,3/,35030,,,3-079::,3

2033,9,32:50309,:,30,:50702-,3,390344507,5,,347,3

745,90,202-3,,5,,5,,:9,3::8,2539:-/,3047,1:,

203,,,35030,,,3!0702-,3,3/,,2-/,350,,7,39:7:9/80-,-,3

40080/,7,347,3745,9039,343805-:2-:,9/,3-40/0,,/03,3

80,2,909:2:5039380-,,1,947503,,503074,,3/,35030,,,3-,7,9

0,9,3!07/,,3,3

!0/,,350/,,37,-/,39,7030,7,:,7:39:203/,5,9,32,,3,3:/,

,:4,2/,3,2-,!0/,,37,--07/,,3/,314:3,5,/,,-,/0

8,%03,7,,-,/03/,-,/0/,30,2,3,-8,087

/,38,%2:7

09::,/03,3%,2,/:3,7,92070,/,9,3092:7:39:203/,5,9,3

0507:,3-,7,3,38050797025,8:907,/,3,3,3,9473/,5,92020.,,3

243454/,3503:,8,,350,-:,350,-:,39,907,/,5-,7,3,392:7

!0302:,3,,3,:9202507.05,9574808507/,,3,3,39,7,-,7,9/,392:7

!07:,8,3:,8,/,3!03,7:

!,/,,2,3&2,,,1,,,/--/,8,290,-079,5,/3,

3/,8,903,&9,7,17,/,3$05,34!020739,8,2-07:8,,

202507::5498,2/80:7:17,&9,7,/,75,39,9,393,,:9

07,

09::,/03,3%,2,/:3,7,950702-,3,31,,2,3,59,8205,/,,-,/

0/,3/,343805207,39820202-,39:50702-,3,3507/,,3,30

9:47,3745,-07:8,,203074,/,32030,,-03:,8,/,317,:39:

203::,3:,8,/,3503,7:2070,!03::,3:,8,/,3503,7:3

2033,9,3503:,8,,3907,/,5507/,,3,3/,,8,390780-:9


5/16

0203:507,8,,3339,:

,,2%,2,/:38,2507,8,,3339,:20303,808:,9:9025,9,390709,

,:/,7509025,9,32070,203/4743:2,98,220,:,3,9;9503074,,3

/,35030,,,3

09::,%,2,/:3,7,9,2,3#03,8,3890,20,7,3802,3,9339,:

/,,2,,3,32,8,7,,9745,070,2:,203:25:,3907,/,51,8,1,/,3

5027,3,324/03/,75,/,5027,3,3:34

02-0-,8,32,3:8,/,7.03,2,3503,,,3/,30,,3

,,2%,2,/:38,2503074,,3/,35030,,,3-079::,3202-0-,8,32,3:8,

/,7.03,2,3503,,,3/,30,,3

$0-,3,%,2,/:3,7,99/,2020393,3,8503

03,2-,02,3,3/,309,6,,3

,,2%,2,/:38,2503074,,3/,35030,,,3-079::,320207,9.59,,3,

/,3203,/,5.,-,7,3802,8,50,,7,3-0913/,5,9/.,5,8090,20,9

050-,,,3-03/,/,32,:.59,,3,

$0-,3,%,2,/:3,7,90-203:9,2,,30807434,3/,305:,8,3/7

03,2-9-,70,9,82,8,7,,9907/,::/,3203,,993,,3

9,2,/:38,2

,,2%,2,/:38,2503074,,3/,35030,,,3-079::,3203,2-9-,70

,9,82,8,7,,9907/,::/,3203,,993,,39,2,/:38,243943,38,1

20,95033,,3,:2%,2://,3/,33,7907,/,5,,7,3,

$0-,3,%,2,/:3,7,99/,2025:3,9::,33

4743,3,":7,3

&2,98,220,:,35030,,,3/,3503074,,3//474340807:,3,":7,343943,72,3,,3-0792,8:/,9,,3,07,,3,/2:,-:2

2,,507,9,3,-,,2,3,,89203.59,,32,3:8,/,75072:,,33,

02:/,3,89203,/,33,80,,

$0-,3,%,2,/:3,7,9//474340443,3070,/,37,,

0825:,3


6/16

5,,5,8,,,,3-07,9,3

%&&%%#!!#&$#%

:7,,31,9471,947,3203/4743:,8,:,8,-,7,920,3.,7,35030,,,3/,3503074,,380-0:2,-,/2,8

!0303,,3

438055030,,,3207::05,/,20303,9,:-07,,30207,9,7,9,9025,9,9,:/,07,

!03074,,35:,-072,8:/2030/2030,,203,,3203025:/,3203,7:3

,38,745,2025:3,97,/8503074,,380,,2,3:3,3,9:809,7,-,/0$,43943,47,37090.030,/,3!4308,90,20,:,3,9;9503074,,3/,35030,,,3809,7,:90/907,30,3:39:9::,304342/,3549

:,8,:,8,-,7,9805079!479:,/,3$05,342:,2030,,/,3203074,/80-,-,3-0-07,5,1,947,3203/4743/,3:,:39:203,9,8507:-,,354904342/,3,,2,,3-07,:5,/,,2,390780-:9

8850393,8,/,8,3-40/9,2-,

!07,3,35020739,

!,/,,2,3:3,347,3!4308,20,:,30850/82030303:,17,/03,3-,39:,37,,087,9:7,:30.4

8,3/,7:,73,390,2022530850/80903907,,3/,7,.0/43,/,3087/-,7,93,3/::8/,3!:3,-/%2:70,::,203,,0850/80850/8,3/8079,405,,7/,3503:8:39:20704/8:2-078:2-07,8/,,8,39,:3,

4743,3/,75,/,5020739,805079!:907,03/7/,3#,,43/,7!479:,/,3$05,34202-,,05,/,02,:,3/,,2-/,38,38/,39034450,,7,38079,503:-:,3,/02,:9


7/16

#,,7,,30,7,-,38,:,202-07,,,305,/,2,8,7,,93,:39:2030,,/,3203074,%::,33,,/,,:39:203:25:0,,,3

!,7,5020739,,3:,202-07,/,,3:2,,3/,30,7,380-,,38039105,/,5,7,503074,

,:2,9/,350309,:,39039,3/:3,:,7

7,3:3,320,3.,7,30850/8:39:2033,:0,/,,3507809,7,3/,30,/,,3047,1808:,9:,,8,343943,47,3!4308,90,20,3.,7,30850/8-0,,7203035,39,17,/03,39::,320309,:0:,8,307,,,3087

$:2-072,:2,9/,350309,:,39039,3/:3,:,7/50740/,75,/,47,38,27,-5,/,,2,3507903,,3,,

,9,9,3,7.4!4420302-,7,03,/,,2-::%0%7,;0841,7.4!44/,3507/2,9,37,-434390,7;34/3/,!,78/,33,90,203/47435030,,,347,347,3745,

,:2,9,3/507409039,33/,/,33,90,203,723,95,7,5030,,805079894507442-:8

!030-,7,3,,2,789,3

443,35,/07789,3/,37,,7,,745,-07.9,.9,:39:20302-,3,3,,2,789,3//:3,:,7

!,7,2:-,789,3/03,35,7,8,:/,,733203074,09025,99025,9-,7:,9:207,8,/,317,43943,!479:,203,:07,,,30,:0,,/,38,,8,9:1,9473,,,2030-,7,3,,2,

789,3 $0,3/,79:47,347,3$05,34/,3!479:,33207,25,8-,9,3,2070,/,75,/,503:,8,,347,38,2

!0702-,3,3,59,820/,307,39820

$890204342,59,820203,,,30,9,3203:25:24/,,2507803/7,3/,35078,3,3/,,25073,,,3

!0702-,3,3390,203/474302:3.:,3/,8,70434207,39820/30,7,30,7,-,38,,32030,3,3/,8,7503:25:,30,,,3203,2-,0:,8,,3/,3203,,0-,,3503/:/:9025,9,3

,203.,5,2,9,2,990780-:97,,7,,30,7,-,38,203,,,35030,,,3/,3503074,,3

02,:,3%0344!0,,7,3

!0309,:,3903,9039,3047,1/,350,,7,3203,9,30,9,35030,,,3/,3503074,,3


8/16

,9,,9805079425,82,309/,3,8974,-/.59,:39:202:/,,350,,7,3425,8/:3,,3:39:203039:,3,7,/,3,8974,-/:3,,3:39:203039:,3439:/0

,8,7,,9745,2025:3,509,,303,59039,3-03:,745,/,3,:90/9077,30,35,/,,-,/02,8,3202:/,,3,,9;9

50,,7,32070, 03,3-,39:,3,,9,,950,,7,3,5,,5,,3::/,5,9/-3,:39:-0,,70,:9,3,3:,8

!078,3,30,7,0,7,,38,

0,7,30,7,-,38,805079$05,34!07,3.8/,3!479:,-078,3:39:203074,,,8,3,,8,3,3-,7:/-03:,8,17,/,3207,

%::,32070,,/,,:39:20250740-,,3-,,32039,/,3

5,8,7,3-,7:-,-,7,3-,7,32070,

$02,3:,8,,8,3,39074,802,3938,3:3,3,3/-07/,,3,330,7,30,7,745,

!03,7:#03,8,3.0

!,/,,2,3#03,8,3.0.9,.9,/,35027,3-,38,745,90,-07:-,070,0-20257,9,3.7.73/;/:,820:2,3820$0:,782081,979,/,37,84,3,820

3899:8070,9/,,20343435027,32,8,7,,9745,

5,/,,2,33 0,/,,3390,203/47430-0-,8,35027,32,3:8,/,32:,2020393,302,:,38,38/,390344,3203,,,32,8,7,,9745,2030,,/,3203074,,,8,3,,8,3-,7:

!03:9:5

0,8,-,,,1,9471,947,3/-3.,3,390,203/47435030,,,3/,3503074,,3:,8,:,8,-08,7/745,

-,9/,75,/,503074,,3,,8,3,,8,3-,7:90,2033,,308,305,/,

503/:/:9025,9,3/,78054904342/,3848,


9/16

%:3:,39,7-07,:3,5030,,,3/,3503074,,390780-:9$1,9339,:,/,,8,,8,9:/,,50307,,3907-08,7/,,2

0/:5,32,3:8,,,2902540-:7,39,:3,3,:

2,3:8,90,-07:,3,203,3,,384,,3-,,2,3,/,3203,5,

!,/,805,3,3,2,381,9339,:9039,3/:3,800390,203/47432,3:8,:39:2030,,039:5030,,,390,-07:-,

203:92,8,,3:8,,,0:,7203.,7,,8,3507-:7:,3,30--,/,39025,993,,380,2,9!09,3,,203.,702-,8:-:7

9025,9907/,5,93,-0,,3,7,3-40/,7,5!078,3,3:39:

203/,5,9,32,,3,3202,8,303024,39,20302-,7,050-,,,7,-,20307:8,3503/:5,3-,7:!0/,,320302-,7,09025,9

-,7::39:203.,750,3,3-,7:-,-,7,3-,7,32070,/,3:39:

203.,7-,,3/,,3,3-,7::39:/:,/9025,9803/725,,7,3:,8/,3-07:,8,5,/,,2,39,2,/:3,,805079,3/,:,34047,3

3447,308747,3!40347,3700/,347,3#42/-3,20307:8507/,,3,3/,3503,:,35,-,502-0,,7,3/,350309,:,32:,/8,3:3/,,29,2,/:35:7-,084549,2,3,087/,3:3,3

8:,9:5030,,,3-,7:5:3::/,9:203.,750309,:,3802,9,2,9,

:39:50309,:,3

!0302-,7,,,320302-,7,:39:203.,7,,5,305,/,84,,384,,3,3203,723,92070,5,,,3907/,5,9/80-,:3:3,3,3

9:,72,3,,5:3.,8:3,32,3,,8:3,9:-07902:/03,3

,:9,3,20,:50302-,7,,38,,,,/,5,9203,,-84,,384,,3

90780-:9443,35030,,3/03,80-,,5030,,,2,9:7,33320,99025,9-,7:070,39072,8:,-3,9:9,8:,398,3/,3

#.,7/:7943,3,38050790,3/07:2-4/9/,3,708,7320309:,0850/88,38/03,39::,320250,,780-,3,2:33

9039,39025,9-,7:,3/9074,


10/16

,2,202,3,3507,3,350393/,,25030,,,3/:3,-,7:$0,,

,-,/05,/07/,7.0,3/90,2:,20302-,7,:39:203789,3,347,3,08473,/,3!07,3.8,,:-,,2,3,5:3

0850/8,390702:/,3-,3,203,-,9,30,3,8,3/,3

02:83,,3,,:5:30850/89:43433,,9,83,2,,,2,03,39:

/,5,9,/,9,,3-,,,5030,,,3,,50708,9:8,9:9025,9:39:9::,39::,39079039:805079043425033,9,32:5030-,7,3,,2,

/,320203:003/,339,:9025,99025,9-,7:/,:,38,2,,/,

20,:,,3/,7,9,9,:,:9/03,3207025:-07-,,08:,7,3

!03074,,35:,207::05,/,502-:,,3808,9:,,8,3-,7:/03,3

9::,3:39:203.,78:2-0704342,9,:202-:,9509025,9,3-,7:805079

,3-07,:05,/,47,347,3:3,3%07/,5,9-0-07,5,47,39445030,,/,3503074,,32,8:780507978945074:2-:8

07/3,3/,0,3',8.4/,,2,,7.4!44034/,33

78945074:2-:8

78945074:2-:8,9,:7894-,443,/,,,39,7,

5030,,,390703,909,550302:,33,,3907-08,7,9:-03:,207,,/,,80.,7,9/,803,,0,:/,7,35,/,9,:3/

034,9,/,32:,9:7:30,:980,0.,0,:20309,5/8-43

5,/,9,:3/,3-07/2,9/03,307,,,3!479:880,2,9,:3

0,:90,-07,3/03,3,3,507025:,38047,3-,38,,3!479:8

,78-43-0,:20,:,3-,3,50302-,7,,3,:9/,320250740

02,7,3,3.0207,380-,,,50,,7,3

9,.9,4:2-:8,/,,:39:-0,,70%2:7,:,8,33,80,:/73,8,3/,,2:3,5,32,8%:,3/,3,9,2,8,3

/2,8:/,3,,0,,,3,3/50740/03,3202-,,-,7025,

7,9:8/,38:907,/,73,/,305:3%:,3207::05,/,033,34:2-:8:39:2030-,7,3,,2,789,3/30,7,-:,3789,3/,3

203,,9,3,-,7:/03,33,2,%:,33207:5,,32491-,8,/

,,3,347,3745,09,9:,9,,/,,3,2,5:7-,-,3,4:2-:8-09:9079,7/03,3%2:7,:/,33320309:,0850/80

8,3,

!,/,,-,/00-,3,,347,3-07503/,5,9-,,,/:3,37,9,,

4:2-:85:,/:3,3-:,90,:-07,87,9:39:202-:9,3

503/,5,93,/03,3-0,,70,7,-,7,9207039,89,39:39:5070%2:7805079,3/8,7,3,340509,!9402/,3-:,3203:9,,3


11/16

-,8,/,7745,080,9,3203:8:75,39,17,,390,/,:,3

4047,3!479:8/,,2203.,7,,30%2:7,:

4:2-:8203,2-2,8,-079,:39,:3-,203:25:,3,3:39:202-,,0850/83,07,3,7,2,9/,,3/03,30,,,3:8,,3,

0,:,,203/,5,95079443,3#,,!479:8909,5,73,5,/,9,:3!072,8:78,-0,/,3#,,07/3,3//,7$05,34202-07,3,3

,3/507:,33,

4:2-:82033,,3$05,345,/,-:,348-078,2,8,2,9,

-:,,5,!,/,$05902-072070,-0,,7/,7!:,:,3,70,:905,8

!,/,2,8,9:,7,3,5,-0,,7,:/,7/,7,9,3803,5,39,9/,0,9,3$005,8-0,,7-0-07,5,,79,55,39,2,89/,0,9,3

,3,,3,,5,3,33-075,9,-,9,54:2-:8202::2070,

8:5,,20307:8,350,,7,3!,/,94-072070,20302:9,3,/,7,9,3

!:,:,93/,,2,8-07,257,3/03,35,39,207,4:2-:8203,3,-0,:90,8,25,0%2:7,:/,390,,257/03,3

0,,,33/,/,33,4:2-:8203,2,,3503/:/:/5:,:9:

80-,,3/,3/,35:,:9:/3,2,,33/0880903,80903,,80,7,203,9,,3-0,:203,2,,33,$,3$,;,/47!03/:/:3,

-0723,9:39:-07/,,39,54:2-:89/,20302:-:90,,,3

%2:7,,:-,,2,3,5:34:2-:8909,5,3-,,,8,8,7,33,90,,2570,:5,3/:,3503/:/:9025,9,3-0,:20309:,742-43,39:

:39:907:8203.,7,9,/,30,,,33,0,:20,,9:-,,3

09,9:/-073,2,,85,34,80,7,385,34,$005,89:,9:5,/,-:,3802-07-0,:02-,0$05,34:39:20,547,350,,7,33,

0,:/8,2-:980-,,7,/,3/,3980-,,,-03475:,:5:,:-,7:

,3-0,:902:,3,2:3-0,:9/,808:,/03,39,3:3,,-3,30,8,5,-,/,,208050/808050/890702:/,3-0,:90,

20,,3503074,503074,-,38,$05,34/03,30,2/,3:,202,8,

5:,3/,320307,,302,82070,/,3203,39,77,2,47,33/,3

80-,,,2-,0$05,34

4:2-:820,3.,7,350,,7,3,5,/,9,:39,:3

/,30,:20,,9/,3203,2,80-,3,3-08,75:,:/

,7--0,38079,:,5,39,5,39,207,$0,9,3/,3%03,,2:3-0,:

,,20302:92-:3,302,8,3/,7,5,7,5,3/,3-0,:9/,5073,202,,280503:3,-,,,50302:,33,9:-:,3,%2:7,:,,2

50,,7,309,3,5,/,9,:3-0,:/9,3,5/7,39,/,3/,39,7

5:,30$05,34,,250,,7,30025,93,5,/,9,:3#,9:8,-0,203:,8,33,203.,780,9,32:33203:-:3,3,:9

,7--0,3/03,3,:9,3!,81850/89:,,07,3,,5,,5,-0,:


12/16

748,,-,9.,.32,73/,34:2-:89075,8,/80,2,9,3/,7,2,.,

0,:02-,0805,34/03,30.0,

07/3,3/,0,3

07/3,3/,0,3207:5,,35030,,5079,2,,320303/:3,0,:207:5,,38047,3,,78947,!479:8/,3,

50,,7,3-07503,,2,3,35073,2037314384/0-:6:076:00

8,%03,7,5,/,9,:30,:90,202-:,9-0-07,5,50,,7,3

:39:203.,7,,3507/,,3,3-,07,,,3!479:8909,5,5,-,

-078081,,2/03,37,,!479:8-0,:-0,,7-,5,$05,345:,

07,,,3$05,3433203.,7,,3507/,,3,3092:7/,3203:39:980-,,,3!:,:,::!:,:#025,203:9!07809,,3%47/08,8

507,3,3,39,7,!479:8/,3$05,345,/,9,:3:39:2030,

507,/:,3,39,7,0/:,/:,3,/,,2:8,,203.,79,3,,,,3

,0,3507.,,-0,:-408,25,0!:,:,::/03,3-0,,70,7,-,7,920303::3-,,,380,9,3207,9,35,203:9,,3,:9

!479:8092:7,32030317,#,,$05,34-07809:::39:

202-,,50,,7,33,

!,/,-:,3$05902-07,0,32033,,3$05,34-078,2,8,2,47,3/,3-:,,5,,5,3202-,,-,3,-,7,3/,,3,3

909,59/,202-,,-,7,32,,3,3,3203.::507,3,,0,39/,

5,3/,203,3,7,7,50,,7,3,5,32030-07,3,:9,39,39

/,3-070398009,/!:,:,3,702:/,32070,-0,,707,/,3

203:8:79:7:35,39,92:7207,$0,9,3

,0,3203,/,5-,3,2,8,,8050792,,3,3,39/,203.::5

.:,.,-:7:/,3502-07439,,347,347,33,0,:20307:8,3,50,,7,33,20,:8,9:80,9,38025,902:/,3/3,2,,3$0,9

,0,3/80,9,3207,$0,9,3,789:,2070,20302:,,30

!,81070,90,-07,,202-:9,3-,,,,/,,,30%2:720,:

207,$0,9,3

$090,203,2--0,,32,,3,3/!:,:,78,2070,20307:8,3

50,7,3053,89:,0,3907-,9/,,28,9:507,/:,3/03,309:,9025,9,30,:/,347,33,90,907-:3:349,0850/8,390780,2,920307:8,350,,7,3/-,,,7,,3,59,3:,3$0-,89,3

/0,3403,3,3,,5,807,2,47,32070,90,8,25,0!:,:

,::5,/,9,:389:2070,202-07025,7,9:8,3202,3

203,/2,9,2,9:9,2,2070,73,,3,80-:,,5,8,,,/,7-:,,5,,320,:,350,,7,380,2,98,25,0$05,3420,:


13/16

,:9,33//,3203039,3:3/80,9,317,5,/,9,:3

/03,3202-,,,3,47,3,3,,5,8090,20303/:3,

80,2,9,:3

,7.4!44

,7.4!44-07,8,/,7'03.09,0,:203079,-,5,3,4..44!44

/,3-,5,8,:/,7,3,,1104!4403,5,/,9,:309,-07:8,

9,:3850/80:,7,!443-07,97,5,9/03,30,/,,3,3-07,:

2,8,9:!,/,,,,-,/05:,434-078,9:/-,,5253,3

038,3070,.:-,203.074-43,/,3:9,7,8,

030,39,:3038,3203:-:,3025,,7,3207039,33,08025,/,3745,/,73,3,0%2:7%03,/,38,25,

0!4,3//,3:370-07,5,47,3/:9,-0-07,5,-:,30,7,745,

,3907/7/,75,/,5,/075,/07/:9:80,7,47:2-:49,434,

39:-07-3.,3/03,309:,434/03,3,7,5,35:,434/,5,9/5:::39:203079,745,789,3/,,250507,3,3203039,3

25,,78,2/-,,:,8,%:7,2:3:8,,2070,,,:39:

203,3:-:3,3/542,9/03,3434,,3,:,32070,3,/:3,,3408,:/,,78,:/,,7805079/:,,/-07,//,7'03.0,1104

/,3..44!44,,2507,,3,32070,2070,90,-07902:/03,3

:9:8,3/,7434,3203025:92070,03,070,8,25,0032,8,9:/03,80-,,,3-,2030,39,:3070,

/,,3/03,3-,40,,7,,3,2,8,9:,9::-,,3.:.:

038,3%,:32070,02-,0'03.0/03,3202-,,8:7,95078,,9,3/,7:-,,3:39:!,:8070,203,/503:-:3

:-:3,3/542,9,39,7,:-,,3/03,3745,

!,/,9,:3,7.4!44203079,-,5,/,3-,5,8,:/,7,3,03,

3,8,,8,9:50,,7,35030,,,3,3907,:35,/,805,3,3,2,3,3202,,32,8,80,2,9,:3,7.4!44202-,,.079,9039,3

0,,,303/,,3/,3507,7,507,7,,35,/,503,9,33,805,3,3

5030,,,33,9:909,59/,/507.,,47,3,7.4!4420302:-,3,507,7,/3,,3-0:2/09,:4047,3745,&25,2,3,47,3

3,90,203.59,807-:09:5,3,3/:3,,3:39:202-:,9-:3,

,5202-:,9-::-07.09,/03,3203:3,,3-4,:-07:72070,

202-:,9,3079,8/0,,39/,2,8:,,-,47,3745,,7.4

!44:,20,547,39039,3-,9:9,228907,3/470/,3/-,,7

805079,:,5-,9:,7,3,7.4!44:,203.,9,9,3507,7,50,3

/,93,8050792,9,,7,32030:,7,323,,35,3,8,2-3


14/16

-7-7-08,7,32025:3,9,3/:-07::3,9,9,33,:,203039:

9039,35079,3,35079:,3,3/9025,9,3-07,3,3503/:/:,,2,/,3,/,9708,29072,8:,9039,38:907,,,80-,,-,,37025,,3

50/,8:3980-,,507,8,2,,3,3/,3503.0:5,89,3,,3/:3,,3

:39:202-:,9902-,7,3,-0-07,5,,-,/02:/,3-,7:,-,7,3,3

38,25,0,7,9

:-,,39079,7/03,3,7.4!44,:203,2-3,203,/,

89,3,,7.4202-:,928/542,80%,3,0,:$:2,907,%-09/,3

043-,5,:-,,30,::,20,,93/,/,3:72,/,3202-:,9.,9,9,39039,330,7,30,7,90780-:909,-0,:-07,/,/

$:2,907,,7.4!4490,202-:,9-0-07,5,.,9,9,30,:8,25,/!,8,

5,/,9,:3!,8,5,/,2,8,9:/50739,407,,!,8,,30

,9:$:9,3-/:,,,:$,0$0,383,/!,8,-0,::,20,,9!07,0,:203.,9,9,3-,,,503/:/:-,3/,73,

203,2,,3,,7,3:,22,/80/,3,32070,,3/:5/,,8,3

-:98/02,8/:580-,,,,3,702,72,,3/,32,3:8,/,350-,,038/,3,3,,,9,:,7,202:/,3-0,:

203:3:3,82,3,3503/:/:3,/,3,59/,20303,:3/,3

:3/,30.:,:3/,3:3/,372-,/,32070,203,:-07,/,/-,,5020739,,3:-,,3909,59/,5073,203,39,7:1905,/,3,40

07,3,2070,93,,:/,39/,2:3347,3434,,3/,9,30

30072070,-,3/,7$,2,7,5:,,7.4!448025,993,80,2,

03,2-:,3:39:203,395:9,7,3,338,3,-0,:2032,980038

23:2,39:,,3/-:,9/,7544,3,:43433,80,2,/$,2,7,9:/,/,3742-43,33,/9025,9,3/,,280-:,02/,3/,,09,9

8:5,,2070,90780,2,9/,75,/,,3:,3503/:/:,302,72,,3

/,32,3:8,$005,89:-0,:20,,9-,3/,7,743!0/780,7,3

,3203:7:93,5073,/,93,:5,.,7,.,33-,89.2,,3/,3808,2,2,3:8,/-,3/,79:02:/,33,/,9-,/,2-780-:,-,3/,7

50,-:,3,3,9,3,2025:3,7,,9,3,2,9,30,9:2070,

2025:3,04773,-0,:203:3:3-,3/,7,38:780-:,-,3/,7

,390703,/03,3,5:7-,7:83,,3-072:9:93

$0-,,8047,3789,3,3/:55,/,,2,3!07903,,3/,30-0-,5,/,,2,3,2,3,7!07,3$,-5,3/,3,33,,3

-09:-:7:907,/,5503/:/:$:2,907,90780-:99/,,203,7,3,3

8,3,9#:5,7:5,3,/,7.,9,9,3.,9,9,3,7.4!44,,390,202-:,

2,9,-,47,347,3,7,9:39:2030,,:8,39,7,

0:,7,!44-07/2,9:39::-,,380,2,9,:3!,/,9,:3

2070,02-,0'03.020,:!,78/03,3203,433,,7


15/16

472:82070,203:9,,3/,7,90%70-43//,302:/,3-0,,70

'03.020,:4389,393450!07,,3,35:,33202,,32,8,80,2,9,:3/,3802,8,8,25,/'03.02070,90,20302-,7,80,2,

9,:3,7.490,-07:2:79,:309,9:,-07,:50507,3,3,39,7,

'03.0/,3034,,7.4!44/9,,3802,8,2025079,,3,3-,3/,73,

$02,8,/503,7,,7.4!44203.079,,3503,,2,33,05,/,#:89.04,302:/,320307-9,3-::-079,:%0%7,;0847,7.4

!44::3-,3,202503,7:5030,,02:/,38050797894507

4:2-:8

!,/,9,:347,33,202-07439,20,,35020739,434/,3

20,392,,7,,803/7/,3203,,302,8:,350,,9745,,:/

-,,,3,7,947,343490,2020:8,2/,39/,203,2-:9-,

0/,9,3,347,3789,303,39:,,3/,7,90%2:7907,,3802:,

085:3::/,547,3,7.4!443,2:393/,,39/,/,2-803,,,-,/0,5,-,47,3!479:82:,-07:8,,:39:

203.,75:3.,0,,,3/%2:7,3203,/003/,907:9,2,3,7025,

',8.4/,,2,

',8.4/,,2,,/,,8047,3,5903903907,,:9!479:8

0,:/9:,8,3407,,!479:8:39:203,8,98,2,,/,::/,:,303/,/03,320303::380,9,317,,3/902:,794420:

,85,/,9,:3$0-03,73,-07:9,38,25,3,!0/74/,4;3,/

3/,5,/,9,:3/03,32030-07,3,:90/9077,30,3/,320,,7,:907,47,3!479:8203,3,290,/:39:203.,7,,3092:7

8005,8202-,.,,547,3/,,;3,,3203.079,,3-,,2,3,-0-07,5,

-:,30,7,0.,3/902:3,90,203,/,,,8507/,,3,3

2070,30,7,30,7,90780-:9/03,3/:3,7,-

',8.4/,,2,-0794,/,78-43/03,3-:,,5,/,347,3,3,

,5,0,:-0,,70,3//5,39,92:717,0,:5079443,3

-0-07,5,47,37,-80-,,502,3/:2070,8,25,050,-:,3,,9/5,39,-,7,9/,,3/,5,/,-:,30,,33,50/,,38,29/,

9079,7/03,3-,7,3/,,3,3/,,2,/,39/,8:,47,3745,789,3.,25:79,3,3/,,2507/,,3,32070,',8.4/,,2,,3,/,5,9202-080/97025,/,3-,7,3,3,3:39:/,/,380-,,-:9

,3-0,:90,20302:,,3092:7$005,8-:,3-07,/,/3/,

-0,:02-,0!479:,/03,347,3,3,,5,/,3/8,2-:980-,,

7,!07,,3,35:,33,0!479:,8203,2-2,8,-:,30-,2,/,750,,7,3802,8,507',8.4/,,2,20,3.,7,38,9:,0850/8


16/16

507/,,3,303/,5,/,9,:3!,/,9,:3-0,:02-,0

3/,80-,,:7,:39:2020739,443!479:,,3-,7:909,5

2,,33,-0,:2033,/:3,80:7:88,25,089:

034034,9,:034207:5,,38047,3

5030,,3,,38,3,92,8:702,8:7,33,8073/,9,3

/03,3,72,/,3,,3/,3,5907-08,7,35073,/,3.,7,3,9,83,2,

5030,,,30,:20309:,47,3,3,,5,/,3-:,,5,

80-03,73,/5,343/,30850/8-0,:203,3/:3803,

-:,,5,,3-0,,7

-078,2,8,2,09::9::50,,7,3-0,:203,2-2,8,7,7,

9,:3809,58,9:!030,,,33,/,:,3,39,7,9,:33,9,:3

72,/,3-0,,7080-,,,3-08,78,%03,7,805079,,$:2,907,$,2%,3,0,:/,3473048050/8,390,03/,

05:,:,3,/;08%0:!,7830,7,7,-/,35,39,92:717,/,02:33,32070,:,90,20303%,3:3,7,5,35,/,7,

7,9,:380-0:247,3745,20,:,33,3/,9,3/03,3

,/,3,8,9:509,3,5,/,9,:3/03,30,8203:3:,380-,,,35,39,-,7,917,%::,32070,,,:39:-07/,,3203:95.:,

/,75,/,4433,/,3203:25:2,:2,90-07,5,-:,,5,90,

/,39,7:39:2033,:08050/8/,:9,3!,81/,3,/,02:33,3

2070,8,25,/5,39,:9,7,:897,,

$005,802,3,9,3,,7,,03%8:02,8:7,30342:,

20748490,:/-03,7,3202-:,98,9:8,,,,50,,7,3,9:5,/,

9,:3,9:80-0:23,202-:,9/,8,79:9:5539:05,/,/:3,:,7$07,9:89,:302:/,347,3745,90,9-,080-,,,3-08,7/:3,

,380-0:235073,/0,,034$07,3,503.,5,,3034

90,/907:8,32,,80,7,5030,,,32:33,2,9-07-0,80,

30,:207:5,,38047,3,5030,,3,,32,8:75,/,,-,/00,:207:5,,38047,38,2://,39,7,9025,99025,9

,35073,/,,93,,,%,3,0,:/,33/,$02,8,20,,9%,3,0,:,9:09,83,/0/,5,/,9,:3-0,:203/,5,907,,,30/,%:,207:5,,380-:,07,,,3,32,8:7/,32,2:7

,,2.,9,9,33,802,8,83,00/,80,2-,3,/,73/,2030-:9

-,,,0/,2,8,9:/,,$7;,,3:,90,20,,9$7;,,

80-,3,/:,,:39:20250,,7-,,8,$,3879/,320390702,,3

9,-8:.,,2,://,

konsep penjelajahan dan penerokaan

Documents