8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 1/11KonkanRailwayOverviewType RegionalrailStatus OperationalLocale Konkan,IndiaTermini Roha,MaharashtraThokur,KarnatakaStations 123Website www.konkanrailway.com(http://www.konkanrailway.com)OperationOpening January26,1998Owner MinistryofRailways,IndianRailwaysOperator(s) KonkanRailwayCorporationDepot(s) VernaTechnicalLinelength 736km(457.33mi)No.oftracks 1Trackgauge 1,676mm(5ft6in)Electrification NoneOperatingspeed120km/h(75mph)RoutemapLegendKmstoPanvel(CSTM)0 Roha(RN)13 Kolad24 Indapur30 MangaonKonkanRailwayFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaTheKonkanRailway(RailwaySymbol:KR)isarailwaylinewhichrunsalongtheKonkancoastofIndiabetweenMumbaiandMangaluru.ItwasconstructedandisoperatedbytheKonkanRailwayCorporation.ItrunsfromRohainMaharashtratillThokurinKarnatakaforatotaldistanceof741km(460mi),alongthewestcoastofIndiaandWesternGhats.Contents1History1.1Background1.2Challenges1.3Controversy1.4Completion2Organisation3Route4Operations4.1Passenger4.2Freight5Difficulties6IntheMedia7Seealso8References9ExternallinksHistoryBackgroundUntiltheKonkanRailwaystarteditsoperations,thetwoimportantportcitiesMangaloreandMumbaiwerenotdirectlyconnectedbytherailwaynetwork.PeoplewouldtravelbytrainsrunningthroughinlandIndiaviaBangaloreBelgaumPuneroute.Inmidtwentiethcentury,peopletravellingtoMumbaifromMangaloreandadjoiningareaswouldgotoKadurorBirurbybusandthencatchatraintoMumbai(Bombaythen).Inthe1970sNationalHighway17(NH17)wasbuilttoconnectthesecitiesbyroad.Directbus8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 2/1141 GoregaonRoad47 Veer55 Sapewamane63 Karanjadi71 VinhereNatuwadiTunnel(4km)81 DiwanKhavati98 Khed112 Anjani128 ChiplunChiplunTunnel(2km)138 KamatheSavardeTunnel(3km)147 SavardaShastriBridgeParchuriTunnel(3km)150 AravaliRoadGadBridge171 SangameshwarRoad184 UkshiKarbudeTunnel(6km)197 Bhoke203 RatnagiriPanvalNadiViaductTikeTunnel(4km)219 Nivasar235 AdavaliBerdewadiTunnel(4km)250 Vilawade267 RajapurRoad284 VaibhavwadiRoad299 NandgaonRoad314 Kankavli333 Sindhudurg343 Kudal353 Zarap364 SawantwadiRoad371 MadureMaharashtrastate/RNlimitsGoastate/KAWRlimitsPernemTunnel(1km)382 Pernem393 ThivimMandoviBridge411 KarmaliZuariBridge427 Verna432 Majorda435 SuravaliservicesstartedbetweenthesetwocitiesaftertheconstructionofNH17.Eventhougheconomicreasonsprovidedastrongneedtoconnectthesetwocities,theregionthroughwhichtherailwaytrackpassedwasgeographicallyverytoughandwouldbeanengineeringchallenge.Duetotheuneventerrainoftheregion,railwaylineswerenotlaidformanyyears.AlthoughthebrainchildofveteranparliamentarianfromRatnagiri,NathPaiM.P.,nationalleaderssuchasMadhuDandavateandGeorgeFernandes,whohailedfromtheKonkanplayedamajorroleintheconceptionofKonkanRailway.In1966,alinewasconstructedbetweenDivainMumbaiandPanvelinRaigaddistrict.DuringthetenureofMadhuDandavate,thiswasextendeduptoRohain1986,mainlytoservetheindustrieslocatedinthearea.Atthesametime,worksonMangaloreThokurlinetookimpetus.However,themissinglinkfromRohatoMangalorestillremained.InOctober1984,theMinistryofRailwaysdecidedtotakeafinallocationengineeringcumtrafficsurveyforthewestcoastalportionfromSurathkaltoMadgaonatotaldistanceof525km.InMarch1985,therailwaysdecidedtoextendthescopeoftheirsurveytoincludetheomittedlengthofthewestcoastlineextendingfromMadgaontoRoha.TheSouthernRailwaywasentrustedwiththisfinallocationsurvey.TheysubmittedtheprojectreportforthisroutetotheRailwayMinistryin1988andnameditastheKonkanRailwayafterthecoastlinealongwhichitruns.TheprojectgainedimpetusafterGeorgeFernandesbecametheRailwayMinisterin1989.Itwasdecidedtoconstituteaseparatelyincorporatedrailwaycompanyfortheconstructionandoperationoftheline.Thus,onJuly19,1990,theKonkanRailwayCorporationLimited(KRCL)wasincorporatedasapubliclimitedcompanyundertheCompaniesAct,1956,withitsheadquartersatCBDBelapurinNaviMumbaiandE.Sreedharan,aseniorrailwayofficial,asitsfirstChairmanandManagingDirector.Thecompanysetitselfachallengingtargetoffiveyearstocompletetheworksomethingthat8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 3/11438 Madgaon456 BalliBarcemTunnel(3km)472 CanaconaGoastateKarnatakastate492 AsnotiKalinadiBridge500 KarwarKarwarTunnel(3km)513 Harwada528 Ankola526 GokarnaRoad555 Kumta568 HonnavarSharavatiBridge586 Manki595 Murudeshwara603 Chitrapur609 Bhatkal617 Shiroor625 ByndoorMookambikaRoad631 Bijoor644 Senapura658 Kundapura674 Barkur690 Udupi700 Innanje706 Padubidri715 Nandikoor723 Mulki732 Surathkal736 Thokur(KAWR)GurupuraRivertoHassanJunction(MYS)toMangaloreJunction(PGT)hadneverbeenachievedinIndiabeforeforaprojectofthismagnitude.ThefoundationstonefortheprojectwaslaidatRohaonSeptember15,1990,andtheCorporationhaditstaskcutout.ChallengesDrawinguptheirplansinanoffice,Mr.Sreedharan'steamhadyettorealisewhatkindofterraintheywouldhavetobattle,andthoughsomesurveyshadbeenconducted,therewasnodatafortheentirestretchinMaharashtraaroutewhichinvolvedhalfthelengthoftheline.Besides,thetaskwasformidable.Withatotalnumberofover2,000bridgesand91tunnelstobebuiltthroughthismountainousterraincontainingmanyrivers,theprojectwasthebiggestandperhapsmostdifficultrailwayundertakingduringthiscentury,atleastinthispartoftheworld.[2]Amajorchallengeintheareawaslandacquisitionascirca43000landownershadtobenegotiatedwith.ButthoughlandrelatedlawsuitsarecommonintheKonkan,whenKRCLbeganpersuadingpeopletogiveuppropertythathadbelongedtotheirfamiliesforgenerations,manygaveitupvoluntarily,convincedoftheimportanceoftheproject.Thisenabledtheentireprocesstobecompletedinjustayear.[3]Therewerechallengesposedbytheterrainandtheelements.Flashfloods,landslidesandtunnelcollapsesaffectedworkatmanyplacesontheproject.Theregionwasalsothicklyforested,andconstructionsiteswereoftenplaguedbywildanimals.Despitetheseproblems,workontheprojectcontinued,andaneffectivesystemofdecentralisationenabledbetterefficiency.Theentirestretchof740kilometres(460mi)wasdividedintosevensectorsMahad,Ratnagiri,Kudal,Panaji,Karwar,Udupiofapproximately100kmeach,headedbyaChiefEngineer.[4]ContractsfortheprojectwereawardedtosomeofthebiggestandmostreputedconstructionfirmsinIndia,includingLarsenandToubro,GammonIndiaandAFCONS.Toenablequickerconstruction,severalinnovativepracticeswereadopted.Piersformajorbridgeswerecastontheriverbanksitselfandlaunchedusingcranesmountedonpontoons.[1]ThetechniqueofincrementallaunchingofbridgespanswasusedforthefirsttimeinIndia.[5]Sinceitwouldtaketoolongtocompletetheprojectusinglocallyavailabletunnellingtechnology,ninehydraulictunnellingmachineswereimportedfromSweden[2]inordertoborethroughthehardrockoftheSahayadris.Thebiggestchallenge,however,camefromtheninetunnelsthathadtobeboredthroughsoftsoil.Notechnologyexistedanywhereintheworldfor8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 4/1117KonkanRailwaysAnexpresstrainpassingthroughKonkanthispurposeandtheworkhadtobecarriedoutthroughapainstakinglyslowmanualprocess.Excavationwasalmostimpossibleduetotheclayeysoilthatwassaturatedwithwaterowingtoahighwatertableintheregion.Severaltimestunnelscollapsedimmediatelyaftertheyhadbeendug,necessitatingworktoberedone.[6]Nineteenlivesandfouryearswerelostwhileconstructingthesoftsoiltunnelsalone.[2][6]Inall,seventyfourpeopleperishedduringtheconstructionoftheline.ControversyLikemostothermajorprojectsinIndia,theKonkanRailwaywasnotwithoutitsshareofcontroversies.ThebiggestonearoseinthestateofGoa,comprising105kilometres(65mi)oftheroute,whereseriousconcernswereraisedabouttheenvironmentalandeconomicimpactofthelineonthestate.Theopponentstotheprojectstatedthattheproposedalignment,passingthroughthecoastalregionsofthestate,wouldcausedestructionofecology,damagetohistoricalsitesanddistruptthelifestylesofpeopleinthedenselypopulatedcoastalregionofthestate.In1991,theycametogetherunderanumbrellaorganisationcalledtheKonkanRailwayReAlignmentCommittee(KRRAC)andorganisedprotestsagainsttheproposedalignmentoftherailwayline.[7]ThemainpointsraisedbytheKRRACwerethattheexistingalignmentwouldcausefloodingincoastalregions,destroythefertilekhazanlands,harmthemonumentsofOldGoa,causeirreparabledamagetothemarshesandmangroveswampsalongthecoastlineandestuariesoftheMandoviandZuaririvers,andresultinthelargescaledisplacementofneighbourhoodsalongthecoastalbeltthroughwhichitpassed.TheKRRACproposedanalternativealignmentfortheline,knownasthehinterlandalignment,tooffsettheseproblems.Thehinterlandalignment,passingthroughtherelativelyunpopulatedhinterlandofthestate,wastobelongerbyabout25kilometres(16mi),butaccordingtotheKRRAC,wouldsignificantlyminimisethedamagecausedtotheenvironment.[8]ThehinterlandalignmentwasrejectedbytheKonkanRailwayCorporationonthegroundsthatitwouldinvolvesubstantialdiversionoftheline,denyrailaccesstothemajortownsofthestate,andresultinseveredelaysandescalationofcostsofconstruction.Bythen,theKRRAChadgrownintoapoliticalmovement,backedbythepowerfulChurchandcertainpoliticalparties.InMarch1992,itfiledapublicinterestlitigationintheBombayHighCourt,seekinganinjunctionontheconstructionworkandadiversionofthelinethroughthehinterlandalignment.Intheplaint,itraisedalltheissuesthathadbeenbroughtupearlier.TheHighCourtdismissedtheplaintinApril1992,observingthat8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 5/11AtrainnegotiatingalongbridgebetweentwohillsAtrainenteringChiplunRailwayTunnelThe1,319m(4,327ft)long[1]KonkanRailwaybridgeacrosstheZuaririverinGoa....theclaimofthepetitionersthatthealignmentwouldhavedevastatingandirreversibleimpactuponthekhazanlandsiswithoutanyfoundation,andevenotherwise,theextentofdamageisextremelynegligibleandapublicprojectofsuchamagnitudewhichisundertakenformeetingtheaspirationsofthepeopleonthewestcoastcannotbedefeatedonsuchconsiderations.Itisnotopentofrustratetheprojectofpublicimportancetosafeguardtheinterestoffewpersons.Itcannotbeoverlookedthatwhileexaminingthegrievanceaboutadverseimpactuponasmallareaof30hectaresofKhazanlands,thebenefitwhichwillbederivedbylargenumberofpeoplebyconstructionofraillinecannotbebrushedaside.TheCourtsareboundtotakeintoconsiderationthecomparativehardshipwhichthepeopleintheregionwillsufferbystallingtheprojectofgreatpublicutility.Thecostoftheprojectescalatesfromdaytodayand,aspointedoutbytheCorporation,theextentoftheinterestandeastwhichwillbesufferedbytheCorporationeverydayistothetuneofRs.45lakhs.Nodevelopmentispossiblewithoutsomeadverseeffectontheecologyandenvironment...[9]CompletionAmidallthecontroversiesandproblemsdoggingtheproject,workcontinuedtoprogress.InMarch1993,thesouthernmostsectionof47kilometres(29mi)betweenThokurandUdupiinKarnatakawasinaugurated,followedbythenorthernmostsectionof47kilometres(29mi)betweenRohaandVeerinMaharashtrainJune1993.ThefirstpassengertrainontheroutewasrunbetweenMangaloreandUdupion20March1993.Theservicewasextendedby51kilometres(32mi)fromVeertoKhedinMarch1995,andbyafurther265kilometres(165mi)fromKhedtoSawantwadiRoadinDecember1996.Servicesonthesouthernendwereextendedby32kilometres(20mi)fromUdupitoKundapurainJanuary1995,andbyafurther275kilometres(171mi)tillPerneminGoainAugust1997.[10]However,throughservicesbetweenMumbaiandMangalorecontinuedtoremainonholdduetoaproblematictunnelatPernem,whichwasfacingrepeatedcaveinsandflooding.[11]Thetunnelwasfinallycompleted8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 6/11KarwarRailwaystationBarkurRailwaystationinJanuary1998,sixyearsafteritsconstructionhadcommenced.[12][13]Throughservicesonthelinecommencedafteraformalinaugurationoftheentirestretchof740kilometres(460mi)fromRohatoMangaloreonJanuary26,1998.[14]TrainscarryingpassengersstartedrunningalongthefullroutebetweenMumbaiandMangalorefromMay1998.[15]InOctober1997,Mr.SreedharanwasaskedtotakeuptheresponsibilityofconstructionoftheDelhiMetroProject.OrganisationKRdoesnothavedivisionsliketheotherIndianRailwayshowever,ithastworegionswithheadquartersatRatnagiriinMaharashtraandKarwarinKarnataka.TheRatnagiriregionextendsover480kilometres(300mi)fromRohatoSawantwadiinMaharashtra,whiletheKarwarregionextendsover660kilometres(410mi)fromPerneminGoatoSurathkalinKarnataka.RouteTherouteisasinglelinetrack,andisnotelectrified.Thetotallengthofthelineisabout738kilometres(459mi).Althoughithasbeendesignedforhighspeedtrafficof160kilometresperhour(99mph),thefastesttrainontheroute,theTrivandrumRajdhaniExpress,atpresentrunsatamaximumspeedof110kilometresperhour(68mph).Therouteisopentobothfreightandpassengertraffic.Theline,whichrunsparalleltotheArabianSeacoastline,offerssomeofthemostspectacularviewsofanyIndianrailjourney.TheKonkanrailwayrouteintersectsnationalhighwayNH17atmanyplaces.Therearefiftysixstationsontheentireline.Althoughtherouteiscurrentlyasingleline,KRandSouthWesternRailwaylinesrunparallelfromMajordatoMargaoinGoa,makingthatsectionadoubleline.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyKonkanRailway,doublingthetrackispossibleonabout300kmthatrunsontheplains.Thereareseveralpatchesalongthe738kilometres(459mi)linethatcanbeconvertedtodoubletrack.Forexample,the47kmfromthestartingpointatRohatoVeer.The60kmstretchbetweenUdupiandMangaloreisanotherstretch[16]OperationsPassengerTheroutebecamequitepopularwithpassengersfromthedayitwasopened,duetotheconnectivityitprovidedtoregionshithertoinaccessiblebyrail,aswellasthesubstantialsavingsintimeforcommutersbetweenwesternandsouthernIndia.Severaltrains,whichearliertookcircuitousroutesweredivertedviatheKonkanRailway,leadingtoareductioninrunningtime.ThefirstofthesewastheMumbaiMangaloreNetravatiExpresslaterextendedtoTrivandrum,whichwasdivertedviatheKonkanRailwayfromMarch1,1998,followedbytheTrivandrumRajdhanifromApril1,1998.[17]TheMatsyaganda8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 7/11AROROtrainseenatSawantwadiRoadstation.ExpressrunningfromLokmanyaTilakTerminustoMangalorewasflaggedoffonMay1,1998.[15]TheHazratNizamuddinMangaloreMangalaLakshadweepExpresswasdivertedontheroutefromAugust1,1998andextendedtoErnakulamJunction.[18]ThePuneErnakulamJunctionExpresswasintroducedonFebruary25,1999.[19]AnothertraincalledMarusagarExpress,whichrunsbetweenJaipurandErnakulamJunction(NowextendedtillAjmer)viatheKonkanRailwaybeganitsserviceonOctober12,2001.[20]TheJanShatabdiExpresswasflaggedoffbetweenMumbaiandMadgaon(longestrunningJanShatabdi)onApril16,2002,tocommemorate150yearsoftheexistenceofIndianRailways.[21][22]OnFebruary1,2008,aGaribRathbetweenKochuvelisatellitestationofThiruvananthapuramandLokmanyaTilakTerminuswasflaggedoff.[23]OthertrainslikeTrivandrumCentralVeraval,GandhidhamTrivandrumNagercoil,BikanerKochuveli,NewDelhiKochuveli,MangaloreVernaPassenger,KonkanKanyaExpressandMandoviExpressfromGoatoMumbai,KeralaSamparkKrantiExpressfromChandigarhtoKochuveli,AmritsarKochuveliSuperfastExpress,HappaTirunelveliSuperfastExpressandKochuveliDehradunSuperfastExpressalsopassthroughKonkan.In2009MumbaiKarwartriweeklySuperFastexpresswasintroduced.ButwithinayearitwasextendedtoMangaloreJunctionrailwaystationandnowitrunsdaily.Inyear2011PuneErnakulamSuperFastexpressviaPanvelwasintroducedonbiweeklybasis.In2012,atrainfromSawantwadiToDadarwaslaunched,namedasRajyaRaniExpress.ThelatesttrainsarePorbanderKochuveli,BhavnagarKochuveliandBikanerCoimbatoreSuperfastACexpressviaKonkanandtheextensionoftheYeshvantpurMangaloretriweeklyExpresstoKarwar.Mostrecently,fromOctober2012theYeshwantpurMangaloreKarwarOvernightExpressisnowbifurcatedatMangaloreCentralandthemainportionnowrunstoKarwarfulfilingalongstandingdemandoftheCoastalKarnatakapopulaceandfulfilingaKarnatakaHighCourtOrderconsideringaPIL(PublicInterestLitigation)foranighttrainservicebetweenKarwarandBengaluru.CurrentlythefastesttrainonthislineistheLokmanyaTilakTerminustoErnakulamBiweeklyDurontoExpresswhichrunsnonstopviatheKonkanRailway.In2014railwayministryhasdecidedtorunanACdoubledeckertrainbetweenLokmanyaTilakTerminus(Kurla)andMadgaoninGoa.ThetrainwastomakeitsinauguralrunduringGaneshChaturthibuthasextendedtheinaugurationdateinlateOctober.OnFebruary2015apassengertrainwasintroducedfromByndoor(Karnataka)toKasaragod(Kerala)runningdaily.FreightFreightresponsetotheKonkanRailwaywaslukewarm,promptingtheworriedcorporationtoconsidercuttingrates.[24]Withanoutstandingdebtof3,375crore,KRCLwasbankingonfreighttraffictobailitout.[25]Inanefforttoattractfreighttraffic,thecorporationbegancreatingawarenessamonglocalindustriesontheroute.[26]In1999,thecorporationintroducedtheRollon/rolloff(RORO)service,auniqueroadrailsynergysystem,onthesectionbetweenKoladinMaharashtraandVernainGoa,[27]whichwasextendeduptoSurathkalinKarnatakain2004.[28][29]TheROROservice,thefirstofitskindinIndia,allowedtruckstobetransportedonflatcars.Itwashighlypopular,[30]carryingabout1.6lakhtrucksandbringinginover120croreworthofearningstothecorporationtill2009.[31]8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 8/11ApproachingendsoftunnelsarechainlockedtopreventlandslidingandshootingstonesDifficultiesThehostileterrainanddifficultweatherconditionsoftheKonkanregionresultedinproblemscontinuingtodogthelineevenafteritsinauguration.Thefirstproblemssurfacedduringthemonsoonof1998,whentorrentialrainfallcausedlandslidesatmanyplaces,washedawaytracksanddisruptedservices.[32]Despitethecorporation'seffortsataddressingtheproblemsthroughengineeringmeasuressuchasprotectivenettingalongcuttingstopreventbouldersfromrollingontothetracks,theproblemscontinuedtorecureachyear.[33][34]ThefirstmajoraccidentonthelineoccurredonthenightofJune22,2003,whenalandslidecausedanexpresstraintravellingfromKarwartoMumbaitoderailattheentrancetoatunnel.Fiftyonepeoplediedasaresultoftheaccident,andseveralotherswereinjured.Asaresultoftheaccident,thecorporationcameunderheavycriticismforfailingtoadheretoadequatesafetymeasuresinthelandslideproneregion.[35]Aninquiryrevealedthecauseoftheaccidenttobeafailureofacuttingduetoabsenceofmonsoonpatrolling.[36]Thefindingsweredisputedbythecorporation,whichinsistedthatthelackofmonsoonpatrollingdidnotleadtotheaccidentwhichwasentirelyaresultoftheforcesofnature.[36]Shortlyaftertheaccident,thecorporationannouncedthatitwouldenhancesafetymeasuresontheroute.[37][38]Barelyayearlater,thesemeasureswerefoundtobeinadequatewhenasecondmajoraccidentoccurredonthelineonJune16,2004.TheMatsyagandaExpressboundtoMumbaifromMangalorederailedandfelloffabridgeaftercollidingwithbouldersonthetracks,killing20people.[39][40]Again,thecorporationinsistedthatthemishapwasaresultofnature'sfury.[41][42]Aftertheaccident,questionswereraisedaboutthesafetyandcredibilityoftheKonkanRailway,[43][44]promptingtheresignationofitsdirectorRajaramBojjionAugust31,2004.AnenquirybytheCommissionerofRailwaySafetyrevealedthecauseoftheaccidenttobedueto"fallingofbouldersandearth"onthetracks.[45]Afterthereport,thecorporationswungintoaction,implementingallitsrecommendations,includinglimitingthespeedoftrainsduringthemonsoonto75km/h(47mph)asopposedtotheregularspeedlimitof120km/h(75mph),aswellasundertakingseveralgeotechnicalengineeringworks,includingbouldernetting,shotcreting,rockbolting,micropilingandvetiverplantationsalongthelinetoincreasesafety.[46][47]InAugust2014afreighttrainderailedinatunnelnearKaranjadirailwaystationcausingdisruptionofservicesonthelineforaweek.IntheMediaTheKonkanRailwayhasfeaturedinarecentepisodeofChannel5Television'sseriesChrisTarrant'sExtremeRailways.SeealsoIndianRailwaysKonkanRailwayCorporation8/12/2015 KonkanRailwayWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkan_Railway 9/11References1. 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G.Raghuram."KonkanRailwayCorporation:ChoiceofAlignmentinGoa"(http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/~graghu/Vikalpa/Kongan_Goa_1995_july_sep_53_70.pdf)(PDF).Vikalpa.Retrieved20081204.8. IndranilBanerjie."ONTHEWRONGTRACK"(http://59.92.116.99/eldoc1/e21_/E21_B1003.pdf)(PDF).OnlineeditionofSundaymagazine,March29April4,1992.Retrieved20090423.9. TheGoaFoundationv.KonkanRailwayCorporation,AIR1992Bom.571.10. "Paswanforqualitycoaches"(http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970826/23850403.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19970826.Retrieved20081204.11. G.R.Singbal."JinxedGoansectorderailsKonkandream"(http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970731/21250153.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19970731.Retrieved20081204.12. IanJ.Kerr."EnginesofChange"(http://books.google.co.in/books?id=1F9QtYSSa0gC&printsec=frontcover#PPA62,M1).GoogleBooksPreview.Retrieved20081204.13. "KonkanRailwayreadytoroll,atlast"(http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980116/01650794.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19980116.Retrieved20081204.14. SandeepK.M."VajpayeededicatesKonkanRlytothenation"(http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980502/12250964.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19980127.Retrieved20081204.15. "Naikflagsoff'nameless'train"(http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980601/15250754.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19980531.Retrieved20081204.16. "dnaexclusive:KonkanRailwayplanssecondlineinplains"(http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/reportdnaexclusivekonkanrailwayplanssecondlineinplains1977181).dna.17. "MumbaiBeat:KonkanRlycommissioned"(http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980126/02650194.html).OnlineeditionoftheIndianExpress,dated19980126.Retrieved20090418.18. 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