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KOLOKIUM BIOLOGY 

SMK METHODIST ACSSITIAWAN

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TEAM MEMBER 

• NUR SYAWIQHA B. TAJUL AMER 

• TOK YEN LING

•

LEE WEI CHEE• KERENE HENG

• LAI CHING LEE

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DESCRIBE A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.

QUESTION 2:

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PLANT 

CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF

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EXTRA INFORMATION

  CUTICLE

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CON’T

Guardcell

stoma

Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp

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  ANIMAL : Nerve

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EPITHELIUM 

Protection •Protect the inner tissue from mechanical injury.•Protect body from pathogen infection.•Skin epidermis protects body from UV.

Exorine gland •Duct(small tube) carry the secretion to specific areas.

Gas exchange • Alveolus in the lung.

Food digestion •Iluem epithelium absorbs digested food.

Stimuli receptor •Sensory organ that receive stimuli such as pressure andheat.

Filter and entrance of molecule •Filter and allow certain molecules to enter epithelium.

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MUSCLE

 Figure 1.4 Structure of muscle cells Muscles are composed of bundles of single large cells (called muscle fibers) that form by cell  fusion and contain multiple nuclei. Each muscle fiber contains manymyofibrils, which are bundles of actin and myosin filaments

STRUCTURE FUNCTION

•Myofibrils are built from actin and myosin. • Allow contraction and relaxation of muscle.

•Presence of synapes on striated muscle. • Allow nerve impulses from nervous system to be transmitted to cause contraction.

•Presence of mitochondria in striated musclefibre.

•Generate energy during muscle contraction.

•Sarcorplasmic reticulum store and releasingcalcium ions into the sarcoplasm.

•To initiate muscle contraction.

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 WHAT ARE SOME ADVANTAGES OF

MULTICELLULARITY?

QUESTION 11

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Definition of multicellularity:

Multicellular organisms are [organism] s consisting of more than one [cell] , andhaving [differentiated cell] s that perform specialized functions in the organism. Most life

that can be seen with the naked eye is multicellular, as are all members of the [kingdom] s [Plant] ae and [ Animal] ia (except for specialized organisms such as [Myxozoa] in the case of the latter).

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•Increased Volume of the Organism greatly increases the volumeand total surface area of the cells and their membranes.

• This enhances the ability to exchange chemicals with the environment, and provides local reservoirs for essential nutrients.

•It allows the separation of 

absorptive and non-absorptiveregions of the organism. This leadsto cell and tissue specialization.

• The accumulated effect of the cellular exoskeleton 

(cell walls) and the turgor pressure of many cellscombined, provides a greater degree of structuralsupport. This protects the organism from physicalforces like the movements of air and water.

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• This also leads to larger organisms which can "outcompete" other organisms for the resources available inthe environment.

•Parts of the plant may survive attack by an herbivore orpathogen and can regenerate complete organisms.

•Larger organisms tend to have longer life spans.

•Multicellularity also lends protection to reproductivestructures.

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Summary on advantages of multicellularity 

  1. cellular specialization

- structure and function2. larger size

a.) easier to maintain homeostasis

- surface area/volume ratio- metabolic efficiency - greater range of habitats

 b.) able to occupy terrestrial habitats

c.) greater range of food itemsd.) reduced number of predators

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Questions??

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 T H A N K S