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Modul Pecutan Akademik 2012

Modul Pecutan Akademik_FIZIK/2012


PANEL MODUL PECUTAN AKADEMIK 2012PANEL MODUL PECUTAN AKADEMIK 2012

TN HJ BURHAN B RAMLISM SAINS MACHANG

PN AMINAH BT AB RAHMANSM SAINS TENGKU MUHAMMAD FARIS PETRA

PN CHE ROMAH BT JAYASM SAINS MACHANG

EN ISMAIL B MAHMOODSMK KOTA

EN SYAFIZAL B SAIDSMK KOK LANAS

PN NIK MAHANI BT NIK ZAIDSMK KUBANG BEMBAN

PN HASNAH BT DAUDMAKTAB SULTAN ISMAIL


PPHHYYSSIICCSS


CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING PHYSICSPAPER 1

1. The accuracy of a measurement can be increased byKejituan sesuatu ukuran boleh ditambah dengan

A ignoring zero errormengabaikan ralat sifar

B ignoring parallax errormengabaikan ralat paralaks

C calculating the average valuemenghitung nilai purata

D calculating value to a more decimal placesmenghitung nilai kepada tempat perpuluhan yang lebih

2. Diagram 1 shows a micrometer screw gauge is used in a measurement.Rajah 1 menunjukkan tolok skru mikrometer yang digunakan dalam satu pengukuran.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

If the micrometer screw gauge has zero error of + 0.02 mm, the actual reading of the micrometer screw gauge isJika ralat sifar tolok skru mikrometer ialah +0.02 mm, bacaan sebenar tolok skru mikrometer itu ialah

A 6.42 mm B 6.44 mmC 6.92 mm D 6.95 mm


45

0


3. Which of the following is the correct converted unit ?Antara berikut yang manakah pertukaran unit yang betul?

A 1 000 mm3 = 1.0 x 10 -4 m3

B 100 mm3 = 1.0 x 10-2 m3

C 450 mm3 = 4.5 x 10-7 m3

D 45 mm3 = 4.5 x 10 -6 m3

4 . Which of the following values is equal to 30 mHz? Antara nilai berikut,yang manakah sama dengan 30 mHz?

A 3 x 10-5 Hz B 3 x 10 -4 Hz

C 3 x 10 -3 Hz D 3 x 10-2 Hz

5. A,B,C, and D show the shooting marks on a target. Which of the following show the highest precision?

A,B,C, dan D merupakan kesan tembakan pada papan sasar. Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan kepersisan yang paling tinggi?



6. Table 1 shows the results obtained from an experiment resistivity of a wire. Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi daripada ekperimen kerintangan wayar.

Table 1 Jadual 1

Which of the following statements is true about the experiment? Manakah antara pernyataan berikut adalah benar tentang eksperimen? A The current is the manipulated variable Arus elektrik adalah pembolehubah manipulasi

B The smallest scale on the ammeter is 0.02 A Skala paling kecil pada ammeter adalah 0.02 A

C The smallest scale on the voltmeter is 0.01 V Skala paling kecil pada voltmeter ialah 0.01 V

D The diameter of the wire is measured using micrometer screw gauge Diamater wayar diukur dengan mengunakan tolok skru mikrometer

7. Which of the following base quantities has a correct SI unit?Antara kuantiti-kuantiti asas berikut, yang manakah mempunyai unit SI yang betul?

Base Quantity SI UnitKuantiti asas Unit SI

A Mass g Jisim

B Time h Masa j


Diameter of wire /mmDiameter wayar/mm

Current/AArus elektrik/A

Potential Diference/VBeza keupayaan/V

0.20 0.34 3.40.60 0.39 3.61.00 0.53 4.31.40 0.70 4.81.80 0.86 5.0


C Electric Current mA Arus Elektrik

D Temperature K Suhu

8. In a shooting competition, Ali has won the competition because his shots were veryaccurate and consistent. Which of the following target boards shows the shots made by Ali?Dalam sebuah pertandingan menembak, Ali telah memenangi pertandingan tersebut kerana tembakannya yang sangat jitu dan persis. Antara papan-papan sasaran berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan tembakan yang telah dilakukan oleh Ali ?

A B

C D

9. Diagram 2 shows the reading of a micrometer screw gauge.Rajah 12 menunjukkan bacaan satu tolok skru mikrometer.

What is the reading of the micrometer screw gauge? Berapakah bacaan tolok skru micrometer itu ?

A 4.38 mm B 4.32 mm C 4.78 mm D 4.82 mm


Diagram 2Rajah 2


PAPER 2 – SECTION A

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the reading of a measuring instrument when there is no object on it.Diagram 1.2 shows the reading of the measuring instrument when an object is placed on it.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan bacaan satu alat pengukur apabila tiada objek diletakkan di atasnya.Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bacaan alat pengukur tersebut apabila satu objek diletakkan di atasnya.

Diagram 1.1Rajah 1.1




(a) Name the physics quantity that can be measured by the measuring instrument in Diagram 1.1. Namakan kuantiti fizik yang boleh diukur oleh alat pengukur pada Rajah 1.1.

……………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark](b) Name the type of error produced in Diagram 1.1

Namakan jenis ralat yang terhasil dalam rajah 1.1

………………………………………………………………………….......... [1 mark]

(c) What is the value of error in Diagram 1.1 ?Berapakah nilai ralat yang terhasil dalam rajah 1.1?

……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(d) What is the actual reading of the physical quantity measured in Diagram 1.2?Berapakah bacaan sebenar kuantiti fizik yang diukur dalam Rajah 1.2?

…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]



CHAPTER 1 : UNDERSTANDING PHYSICS

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 C 4 D 7 D

2 D 5 C 8 C

3 C 6 D 9 D

PAPER 2

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1. (a) mass 1 1

(b) Zero error 1 1

(c) 6 g 1 1

(d) 24 g 1 1

TOTAL MARK 4M


SCHEME


CHAPTER 2: FORCE AND MOTIONPAPER 1

1. Diagram 1 shows the journey of a bus from city A to reach city D. Rajah 1 menunjukkan pergerakan bas dari bandar A ke bandar D.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

What is the displacement of the bus?Berapakah sesaran bas ?

A 60 km B 100 kmC 128 km D 220 km

2. Which of the following ticker tapes describes a motion with a deceleration?Antara pita-pita detik berikut, yang manakah menerangkan pergerakkan dengan nyahpecutan?

A

B

C

D


Direction of motionArah gerakan





3. Diagram 2 shows a velocity-time graph for the motion of an object.Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu graf halaju-masa bagi suatu objek bergerak. .

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Based on the graph which of the following statement is true? Berdasarkan graf , pernyataan berikut yang manakah adalah benar?

A. The car moves with constant acceleration and then stop. Kereta itu bergerak dengan pecutan tetap dan kemudian berhenti.

B. The car moves with constant velocity and then stop. Kereta itu bergerak dengan halaju tetap dan kemudian berhenti.

C. The car moves with constant acceleration and then constant velocity. Kereta itu bergerak dengan pecutan tetap dan kemudian halaju tetap.

D. The car moves with constant acceleration and then constant deceleration. Kereta itu bergerak dengan pecutn tetap dan kemudian nyahpecutan

tetap.

4. Which of the following graph shows the object moving with decreasing acceleration? Antara graf berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan objek bergerak dengan pecutan

yang semakin berkurang?

A B


Timemasa

VelocityHalaju


C D

5. Diagram 3 shows the velocity-time graph of the motion of an object.Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf halaju-masa bagi gerakan suatu objek.

Which of the following acceleration-time graphs describes the motion of the object?Yang manakah antara graf pecutan-masa berikut menerangkan gerakan objek itu?

A

B


v (ms-1)

t (s)0

Diagram 3Rajah 3

t (s)

a (ms-2)

t (s)

a (ms-2)


C

D

6. Diagram 4 shows two identical trolleys, P and Q with masses of 1 kg on a frictionless plane. Trolley P is moving with a velocity of 10 ms-1 and trolley Q is moving with a velocity of 5 ms-1 in an opposite direction. Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua troli yang serupa, P dan Q dengan jisim 1 kg, di atas suatu satah tanpa geseran. Troli P sedang bergerak dengan halaju 5 ms-1 dan troli Q sedang bergerak dengan halaju 10 ms-1 dalam arah yang berlawanan.

Trolley P and trolley Q collide with each other and then move together with a common velocity, v. What is the magnitude of v?Troli P dan troli Q berlanggar dengan satu sama lain dan bergerak bersama-sama dengan halaju sepunya, v. Berapakah magnitud v?

A 2.5 ms-1 B 5.0 ms-1

C 7.5 ms-1 D 15.0 ms-1


t (s)

a (ms-2)

t (s)

a (ms-2)

Trolley PTroli P

Trolley QTroli Q

v = 5 ms-1

v = 10 ms-1

Frictionless planeSatah tanpa geseran

Diagram 4Rajah 4


7. Which of the following has the highest net force? Antara berikut, yang manakah mempunyai daya bersih paling tinggi?

8. Diagram 5 shows a wooden block experiences an acceleration when it is pulled by a force of F . The frictional force of 10 N acting on the wooden block.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebuah bongkah kayu mengalami pecutan bila ditarik dengan daya F. Daya geseran sebanyak 10 N bertindak ke atas blok kayu itu.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

The pulling force, F is

A equals to 10 N.sama dengan 10 N

B greater than 10 N.lebih besar dari 10 N

C smaller than 10 N.lebih kecil dari 10 N

9. Diagram 6 shows a method to determine the resultant force of the two forces, P and Q.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan kaedah untuk menentukan paduan daya bagi dua daya, P dan Q.


Friction force , 10 NDaya geseran , 10 N

F


Which of the followings represents the magnitude of the resultant force? Yang manakah antara yang berikut mewakili magnitud daya paduan tersebut?

A PR B RQ

C PQ D OR

10. Diagram 7 shows a car is moving at zero acceleration. Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebuah kereta sedang bergerak dengan pecutan sifar.

Diagram 7Rajah 7

Which relationship of the forces is correct ?Hubungan daya yang manakah benar ?

A T > F g B T = Fg

C T < Fg D W > R


Diagram 6Rajah 6


11 Diagram 8 shows a high jumper is falling on a thick mattress.Rajah 8 menunjukkan seorang peserta lompat tinggi sedang jatuh di atas tilam yang tebal.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

What is the function of the mattress?Apakah fungsi tilam itu ?

A. To reduce the change in momentum of the high jumper.Mengurangkan perubahan momentum ahli lompat tinggi

B. To reduce the time of impact between the high jumper and the mattress.Mengurangkan masa tindakan antara ahli lompat tinggi dengan tilam

C. To reduce the impulsive force acting on the high jumper.Mengurangkan daya impuls ke atas ahli lompat tinggi

12. Ali kicks a ball of mass 1.5 kg with a force of 50 N and the time of impact between his boot and the ball is 0.2 s. What is the change in momentum of the ball?Ali menendang sebiji bola berjisim 1.5 kg dengan daya 50 N dan masa pelanggaran di antara but dan bola ialah 0.2 s. Berapakah perubahan momentum bola itu?

A 10 Ns B 15 Ns

C 250 Ns D 375 Ns


Mattrestilam


13. Diagram 9 shows a brick falls from a high building. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu batu bata terjatuh dari sebuah bangunan yang tinggi.

Diagram 9Rajah 9

Which of the following quantities remains unchanged? Antara kuantiti-kuantiti berikut yang manakah tidak berubah?

A Acceleration B Velocity Pecutan. Halaju.

C Kinetic energy D MomentumTenaga kinetik Momentum

14. Diagram 10 shows a coconut falling from a tree. Rajah 10 menunjukkan sebiji buah kelapa sedang jatuh dari pokoknya.

Diagram 10

Rajah 10

What is the physical quantity of the coconut is constant?Apakah kuantiti fizik yang malar bagi buah kelapa itu?



A Potential energy B Kinetic energy Tenaga keupayaan Tenaga kinetik

C Acceleration D Velocity Pecutan Halaju

15. Diagram 11 shows two marbles A and B of different masses is being released at the same time in a vacuum cylinder.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan dua biji guli A dan guli B yang berlainan jisim dijatuhkan serentak dalam satu silinder vakum.

Diagram 11

Rajah 11

Which observation is correct? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar ?

A Marble A and B float in the tube Guli A dan B terapung dalam tiub

B Marble B will reach at the base earlier Guli B sampai ke dasar tiub lebih awal

C Marble A will reach at the base earlier Guli A sampai ke dasar tiub lebih awal

D Marble A and B will reach at the base at the same time Guli A dan B sampai ke dasar tiub serentak



16. Diagram 12 shows two objects of different masses, P and Q is experiencing a state of free fall. Rajah 12 menunjukkan dua objek yang berlainan jisim, P dan Q sedang mengalami keadaan jatuh bebas.

Which of the following statements is true?Yang manakah antara pernyataan-pernyataan berikut adalah betul ?

A. Gravitational attraction force of P = Gravitational attraction force of QDaya tarikan graviti P = Daya tarikan graviti Q

B. Momentum of P = Momentum of Q Momentum P = Momentum Q

C. Acceleration of P = Acceleration of Q Pecutan P = Pecutan Q

D. Velocity of P = Velocity of Q Halaju P = Halaju Q

17. Diagram 13 shows a metal ball is thrown vertically upwards. Rajah 13 menunjukkan sebiji bola logam dilontar tegak ke atas.

Diagram 13Rajah 13


Metal ballBola logam

Object QObjek Q

Object PObjek P

groundbumi

Diagram 12Rajah 12


Which of the following statements is true about the momentum of the ball before it reaches the maximum height?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai momentum bagi bola itu sebelum ia mencapai tinggi maksima?

A Decrease B Increase C Constant

Berkurang Bertambah Malar 18. Which of the following graphs show the relationship between the acceleration and

height for an object that undergoes free fall to the ground?Antara graf-graf berikut,yang manakah menunjukkan hubungan antara pecutan dan ketinggian bagi suatu objek yang mengalami jatuh bebas ke arah permukaan bumi?

A B

C D

19. Diagram 14 shows an object which is in equilibrium of three forces P, Q and R. Rajah 14 menunjukkan satu objek yang berada dalam keseimbangan tiga daya P,

Q dan R.

Diagram 14Rajah 14



Which of the following vector diagrams represents the three forces?Antara rajah-rajah vektor berikut, yang manakah mewakili ketiga-tiga daya itu?

D

20. Diagram 15 shows a wooden block being pulled by a horizontal force, F and tension, T.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan sebuah blok kayu ditarik oleh satu daya, F dan tegangan, T.

Diagram 15

Rajah 15

Which of the following vector diagrams represents the three forces?Antara rajah-rajah vektor berikut, yang manakah mewakili ketiga-tiga daya itu?

A B


DC

BA


C D

21. Diagram 16 shows three arrangement of springs K, L and M. All the springs used are identical.Rajah 16 menunjukkan tiga jenis susunan spring K, L dan M. Semua spring yang digunakan adalah serupa.

Diagram 16Rajah 16

Which of the following shows the correct graph of force, F against extension, x for K, L and M ?

Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan graf yang betul bagi daya, F melawan, x untuk K, L and M ?

A B



C D

22. Diagram 17 shows a system consists of three identical springs. The original length of each spring is 10 cm. With a load of 50 g, each spring is stretched to 14 cm. Rajah 17 menunjukkan satu sistem yang terdiri daripada tiga spring yang serupa. Panjang asal bagi setiap spring adalah 10 cm. Dengan beban 50 g, setiap spring itu akan meregang kepada 14 cm.

What is the total length, X of the springs ?Berapakah jumlah panjang X bagi spring-spring ?

A 21 cm B 24 cm

C 26 cm D 28 cm


Load 50 gBeban 50 g

spring

X

Diagram 17Rajah 17


23. Diagram 18 shows a weightlifter is lifting a load of 60 kg to a height, h. If the energy used to lift the load is 1020 J, what is h?

Rajah 18 menunjukkan seorang ahli angkat berat sedang mengangkat beban 60 kg pada suatu ketinggian h. Jika tenaga yang digunakan untuk mengangkat beban itu adalah 1020 J, berapakah h?

A 1.7 m B 1.8 m

C 2.0 m D 2.3 m


1. Diagram 1 shows an aeroplane flying horizontally with a constant velocity. P and Q are two forces which maintain the aeroplane at constant altitude.Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah kapalterbang sedang terbang dengan halaju malar. P dan Q adalah dua daya yang menetapkan kapalterbang tersebut pada ketinggian tetap.

(a). Name the forces P and Q.Namakan daya-daya P dan Q.


Diagram 18Rajah 18


P: …………………………………………………………………………...

Q: …………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]

[2 markah](b). Write equation to show the relationship between P and Q.

Tuliskan persamaan yang menunjukkan hubungan antara P dan Q.

……………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[ 1 markah](c). Which of the forces is caused by the Bernoulli's effect?

Antara daya-daya tersebut yang manakah disebabkan oleh kesan Prinsip Bernoulli?

……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[ 1 markah]

2. Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 show two watermelons fall off a table and drop on to surface A and surface B respectively.Rajah 5.1 dan 5.2 menunjukkan dua biji tembikai jatuh dari sebuah meja ke atas permukaan A dan permukaan B masing-masing.

Diagtam 5.1 Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

(a) What is meant by impulse? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan impuls?

………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](b) With reference to Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,

Merujuk kepada Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2,



(i) Compare the force on the watermelons that strike on Surface A and Surface B.Bandingkan daya pada tembikai yang menghentam ke atas Permukaan A dan Permukaan B.

…………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Compare the time of impact of the watermelons on Surface A and Surface B.Bandingkan masa hentaman tembikai itu pada Permukaan A dan Permukaan B.

………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii). State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of impact.Nyatakan hubungan antara daya yang dihasilkan dalam suatu perlanggaran dengan masa hentaman.

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) Mark ( ) for the correct statement about the change of momentum of the watermelons in both situations above.Tandakan ( ) pada pernyataan yang betul mengenai perubahan momentum pada tembikai dalam dua situasi di atas.

The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is greater than that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2.Perubahan momentum pada tembikai dalam Rajah 5.1 adalah lebih besar daripada tembikai dalam Rajah 5.2.

The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2 is greater than that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1.Perubahan momentum pada tembikai dalam Rajah 5.2 adalah lebih besar daripada tembikai dalam Rajah 5.1.



The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is equal to that of the watermelon in Diagram 5.2.Perubahan momentum pada tembikai dalam Rajah 5.1 adalah sama dengan tembikai dalam Rajah 5.2.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(d) Suggest a suitable material for surface B.Cadangkan satu bahan yang sesuai bagi permukaan B.

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(e)


By referring to the Diagram 5.3, explain how the driver is able to avoid serious injuries when the car stopped suddenly.Merujuk pada Rajah 5.3, terangkan bagaimana pemandu itu dapat mengelakkan kecederaan yang parah ketika kereta berhenti dengan tiba-tiba.

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

[2 markah]



3. Diagram 7 shows a spring. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu spring.

Diagram 7 Rajah 7

(a) When a load is attached to the spring ;Apabila satu beban dilekatkan pada spring ;

(i) What happen to the length of the spring?Apakah yang berlaku pada panjang spring?

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) What is the energy stored in the spring?Apakah tenaga yang tersimpan dalam spring?

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) If the number of load is increased, what will happen to the energy in

7a(ii)?Jika bilangan beban ditambah, apakah yang akan berlaku kepada tenaga di 7 a(ii)?

………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah]



(b) The initial length of a spring is 15 cm. When a load with mass 300g is attached to the spring, the length of the spring is 21 cm.Panjang asal spring adalah 15 cm. Apabila beban berjisim 300g dilekatkan pada spring. panjang spring adalah 21 cm.

What is the length of the spring if a load with mass 500g is attached to the spring?

Berapakah panjang spring jika beban berjisim 500g dilekatkan pada spring?

[3 marks][3 markah]

(c) The spring in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used as a spring cradle.Suggest modifications to be done based on the characteristics given below.Spring dalam Rajah 7 tidak sesuai digunakan untuk buaian spring.Cadangkan pengubahsuaian-pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang diberi di bawah.

(i) Arrangement of the springsSusunan spring

…………………………………………………..……………………… ReasonSebab

…………………………………………………………………………... [2 marks]

[2 markah](ii) Stiffness of the spring

Kekerasan spring

…………………………………………………………………………...ReasonSebab

…………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]



[2 markah]

CHAPTER 2 : FORCE AND MOTION

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 B 7 B 13 A 19 C

2 C 8 B 14 C 20 B

3 C 9 D 15 D 21 A

4 B 10 B 16 C 22 D

5 A 11 C 17 A 23 A

6 A 12 A 18 A

PAPER 2

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1 (a) P = Lifting ForceQ = Weight / Gravitational Force Attraction

11 2

(b) P = Q 1 1

(c) Lifting Force / P 1 1

TOTAL 4

2(a) Change of momentum 1 1

(b)(i) Force on the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is larger than the force on the watermelon in Diagram 5.2

1

3(b)(ii) Time of impact on surface A is shorter than time of impact on surface B

1

(b)(iii) A shorter time of impact will produce a larger force 1

(c) The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 5.1 is equal to that of the watermelon in Diagram

1 1

(d) Sponge/carpet/towel/cloth/grass & other suitable materials

1 1

M1 Body will be hold back by the seat belt when car stopped suddenlyM2 The seat belt will lengthen slightly, the impulsive force inflicted on the body will be less

1

12

TOTAL 8


SCHEME


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

3 (a)(i) Length increases/ longer 1

3(a)(ii) Elastic potential energy 1

(a)(iii) Increase 1

(b)

M1 =

=

M2 x = 10 cm

M3 l = 10 + 15 // 25 cm

3 3

(c)(i) Parallel 1

2Load is shared equally among the spring / can support bigr load

1

(c)(ii) Big 1

2Spring constant is high/ great/big /. Not easily broken / able to support large weight

1

TOTAL 10



CHAPTER 3: FORCE AND PRESSUREPAPER 1

1 Which of the following wooden rod exert the highest pressure on the floor? Each rod has the same mass. Manakah antara rod kayu berikut mengenakan tekanan yang paling besar terhadap

lantai. Setiap rod mempunyai jisim yang sama.

2. Diagram 1 shows two identical bricks X and Y placed in two different ways on a sandy ground were pressed by an identical force, F.Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua bongkah bata X dan Y yang serupa diletakkan dalam dua keadaan berbeza di atas tanah berpasir sedang ditekan dengan daya yang serupa, F.

What is the factor that causes brick Y to sink more into the sand?


A B C D

Diagram 1Rajah 1


Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan bata Y lebih tenggelam ke dalam pasir?

A Force, F B Weight of the blockDaya, F Berat blok

C Pressure, P D Density of the blockTekanan,P Ketumpatan blok

3. Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of an apparatus for an experiment.Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Which of the following conclusions is correct ?Yang manakah antara kesimpulan-kesimpulan berikut adalah betul ?

A Liquid pressure acts perpendicularly to its surface.Tekanan cecair bertindak tegak pada permukaannya.

B Liquid pressure increases with depth.Tekanan cecair bertambah dengan kedalaman.

C Liquid pressure does not depend on the shape of the container.Tekanan cecair tidak bergantung pada bentuk bekas isiannya.

D Liquid pressure is caused by its weight acting on a surface.Tekanan cecair disebabkan oleh beratnya yang bertindak ke atas permukaan.

4. Diagram 3 shows a block of wood is being pushed into water.Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu bongkah kayu ditolak masuk ke dalam air.


liquidcecair


Diagram 3Rajah 3

Which graph shows the correct relationship between the pressure, P exerted on the block and depth, X?Manakah graf yang menunjukkan hubungan yang betul di antara tekanan, P yang dikenakan ke atas bongkah dan kedalaman, X ?

A B

C D

5. Diagram 4 shows a cylinder containing cooking oil. Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah silinder yang mengandungi minyak masak.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

The density of cooking oil is 800 kg m-3. The pressure exerted by the cooking oil at the base is 2.4 x 103 Pa. What is the height of oil in the container? Ketumpatan minyak masak ialah 800 kg m -3. Tekanan yang dikenakan oleh minyak masak pada dasar bekas 2.4 x 103 Pa. Berapakah ketinggian minyak di dalam bekas?

A 24 cm B 30 cm

C 80 cm D 2400 cm



6 The density of substance X is 200 kgm-3. In which liquid will substance X floats?

Ketumpatan bagi bahan X ialah 200 kgm-3. Didalam cecair yang manakah bahan X akan terapung?

Liquid Density (kgm-3) Cecair Ketumpatan (kgm-3)

A P 150

B Q 170

C R 190

D S 220

7. Diagram 5 shows four identical container are filled with same amount of different liquid.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan empat bekas yang sama diisi dengan jumlah cecair yang sama tetapi berbeza ketumpatannya.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

Which container exerts the highest pressure at the bottom? Bekas manakah yang menghasilkan tekanan pada bahagian dasar yang paling tinggi?

A Liquid P B Liquid QCecair P Cecair Q



C Liquid R D Liquid S Cecair R Cecair S

8. Which of the following pressure,P in liquid against depth,h, graphs is correct?Manakah antara graf tekanan di dalam cecai,r P melawan kedalaman, h, berikut adalah betul?

A B

C D

9. Which of the following can be done to increase the kinetic energy of gas molecules in an air-tight container?Manakah yang berikut dapat dilakukan untuk menambah tenaga kinetik molekul-molekul gas dalam satu bekas yang kedap udara?

A Increase the volume of the container.Menambah isipadu bekas.

B Decrease the volume of the container.Mengurang isipadu bekas.

C Increase the temperature of the container.Menambah suhu bekas.

D Decrease the temperature of the container.Mengurang suhu bekas.

10 Why the atmospheric pressure at higher altitude is lower? Mengapa tekanan atmosfera semakin berkurang pada tempat yang semakin tinggi



altitudnya ?

A Temperature is decreasing B The layer of air is thinner Suhu semakin berkurang Lapisan udara semakin nipis

C Density of air increasing D The volume of air does not Ketumpatan udara meningkat. change

Isipadu udara tidak berubah

11. Diagram 6 shows a manometer is connected to a gas supply.Rajah 6 menunjukkan satu manometer yang disambung ke satu bekalan gas.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

The difference in height, h will increase ifBeza pada ketinggian, h akan bertambah jika

A the pressure of the gas supply is decreased.Tekanan bekalan gas dikurangkan.

B the water is replaced with a liquid of greater density air diganti dengan cecair yang lebih tumpat

C the water is replaced with a liquid of smaller density air diganti dengan cecair yang kurang tumpat

D the manometer is placed at a region of higher atmospheric pressure.Manometer itu diletak pada kawasan yang tekanan atmosfera lebih tinggi.

12. Diagram 7 shows a suction pump is pressed on a smooth surface. P and Q are the pressure acted towards the outer surface and the inner surface of the suction pump respectively.



Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu pam penyedup yang sedang ditekan pada satu permukaan yang licin. P dan Q adalah tekanan yang bertindak di permukaan luar dan di permukaan dalam pam penyedup masing-masing.

The pump is stuck to the smooth surface due toPam itu melekat ke permukaan licin disebabkan oleh

A P < Q B P > Q

C P = Q D Q = 0

13. Diagram 8 shows a simple mercury barometer. How does the length, y and the pressure in space X change as the barometer is taken from the base to the top of the mountain?Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu barometer merkuri ringkas.Bagaimanakah panjang y dan tekanan dalam ruang X berubah jika barometer itu dibawa dari kaki bukit ke puncak bukit itu?

Diagram 8Rajah 8


smooth surfacepermukaan licinsuction pump

pam penyedup

QP

Diagram 7Rajah 7


LENGTH, y PRESSUREPANJANG, Y TEKANAN

A Decreases DecreasesBerkurang Berkurang

B Decreases No changeBerkurang Tidak berubah

C Increases DecreasesBertambah Berkurang

D Increases No changeBertambah Tidak berubah

14. Diagram 9 shows a simple mercury barometer. Which of the height A, B, C or D shows the measurement of the atmospheric pressure?Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu barometer merkuri ringkas. Yang manakah antara ketinggian A, B, C atau D yang menunjukkan ukuran bagi tekanan atmosfera?

Diagram 9Rajah 9

15. Diagram 10 shows a hydraulic pump is used to raise a car of mass 1600 kg.Rajah 10 menunjukkan satu pam hidraulik digunakan untuk mengangkat sebuah kereta berjisim 1600 kg.



Diagram 10Rajah 10

The ratio of the diameter of the larger piston to the diameter of the smaller piston is 4. What is the force required to raise the car?Nisbah diameter omboh besar kepada diameter omboh kecil ialah 4. Berapakah daya untuk menaikkan kereta tersebut?

A 100 N B 400 N

C 1000 N D 4000 N

16. Diagram 11 shows a hydraulic pump. Rajah 11 menunjukkan sebuah pam hidraulik.

Diagram 11Rajah 11

Which of the following is true about hydraulic pump? Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang pam hidraulik?

A The most suitable type of liquid used is water. Jenis cecair yang paling sesuai digunakan ialah air.

B Weight of load,W equivalent to force applied,F. Berat beban, W sama dengan daya yang digunakan, F.



C Pressure on Piston A is bigger than pressure on Piston B. Tekanan pada omboh A lebih besar daripada tekanan pada omboh B.

D The bigger the surface area of piston A, the bigger the weight of load,W can be put on. Semakin bertambah luas permukaan omboh A, semakin bertambah berat beban, W dapat diletakkan.

17. Diagram 12 shows a hydraulic system which is in equilibrium. When the piston A is pushed in, the piston B will be lifted upRajah 12 menunjukkan satu sistem hidraulik dalam keseimbangan. Apabila omboh kecil ditekan ke dalam, omboh besar akan terangkat ke atas

Which of the following statements is true? Yang manakah antara kenyataan-kenyataan berikut adalah benar?

A The pressure on the piston A is smaller than the pressure on the piston B.Tekanan pada omboh A lebih kecil daripada tekanan pada omboh B.

B The pressure on the piston A is bigger than the pressure on the piston B.Tekanan pada omboh A lebih besar daripada tekanan pada omboh B.

C The pressure on the piston A is equal to the pressure on the piston B.Tekanan pada omboh A sama dengan tekanan pada omboh B.


hydraulic fluidcecair hidraulik

Piston BOmboh B

Piston AOmboh A

pushed inditekan ke dalam

lifted upterangkat ke atas

Diagram 12Rajah 12


18. Diagram 13 shows an apple is floating in a beaker of water.Rajah 13 menunjukkan sebiji epal sedang terapung dalam sebuah bikar berisi air.

Diagram 13Rajah 13

Which of the following statements describes the buoyant force correctly?Manakah pernyataan berikut menerangkan daya keapungan dengan betul?

A The buoyant force equals to the mass of the apple.Daya keapungan sama dengan jisim epal.

B The buoyant force equals to the weight of the apple.Daya keapungan sama dengan berat epal.

C The buoyant force equals to the mass of the water displaced.Daya keapungan sama dengan jisim air yang disesarkan.

D The buoyant force equals to the volume of the water displaced.Daya keapungan sama dengan isipadu air yang disesarkan.

19. Diagram 14 shows a ship full with load floating on the surface of sea water. Rajah 14 menunjukkan sebuah kapal yang penuh dengan beban terapung di atas permukaan air laut.

Diagram 14

Rajah 14


Appleepal

Airwater


If the water displaced by the ship is 350 m3, what is the buoyant force acted on the ship?

[Density of sea water = 1030 kgm-3] Jika air yang tersesar oleh kapal ialah 350 m3, berapakah daya tujah yang bertindak ke atas kapal? [Ketumpatan air laut = 1030 kgm-3]

A 3.6 x 10 5 N B 3.6 x 10 6 N

C 3.6 x 10 7 N D 3.6 x 10 8 N

20. Diagram 15 shows a spring balance supporting a metal block is immersed slowly into a beaker, A which filled with water. The compression balance shows the reading of the weight, W of a beaker, B filled with water. Rajah 15 menunjukkan sebuah neraca spring menyokong satu blok logam yang direndamkan secara beransur-ansur ke dalam satu bikar, A yang berisi air. Neraca mampatan menunjukkan bacaan berat, W bagi sebuah bikar, B yang berisi air.

Which of the following W against x graphs is correct?Yang manakah antara graf-graf W melawan x adalah betul?


Diagram 15Rajah 15


A B

C D

21. Diagram 16 shows a Bernoulli’s tube. Air is blown from left to right. Rajah 16 menunjukkan sebuah tiub Bernoulli. Udara ditiup dari arah kiri ke kanan.

Diagram 16Rajah 16

Which of the following diagram shows the correct level of water in tube T, U, V and W? Antara rajah- rajah berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan aras air yang betul pada

tiub T, U, V dan W?

A.


W

x0

W

x0

W

x0

W

x0


B.

C.

D.

22 Diagram 17 shows a baseball which is thrown forward with a spinning, is moving in a curve. Rajah 17 menunjukkan satu bola lisut yang dilontar ke hadapan dengan suatu putaran, sedang bergerak dalam satu lengkungan.


Diagram 17Rajah 17


This situation can be explained by usingKeadaan ini boleh diterangkan dengan menggunakan

A Archimedes’ principlePrinsip Archimedes

B Bernoulli’s principlePrinsip Bernoulli

C Pascal’s principlePrinsip Pascal


1. Diagram 2.1 shows two different containers filled with water. The water pressure at point P and point Q are the same. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua bekas berlainan diisi dengan air. Tekanan air pada titik P dan titik Q adalah sama.

Diagram 2.1

Rajah 2.1

(a) What is the meaning of pressure?Apakah maksud tekanan?

......………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(b) State one factor that affect the water pressure at point P and Q.Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan air di titik P dan titik Q.

.....………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](c) Calculate the water pressure at point P.

[Density of water = 1000 kgm-3]Hitungkan tekanan air pada titik P.[Ketumpatan air = 1000 kgm-3]

[2 marks][2 markah]

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the water spurt when a hole is made near the base of container B.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pancutan air apabila satu lubang dibuat berdekatan dengan dasar bekas B.

Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2

Diagram 2.3 shows the water in container B is replaced by liquid X which has higher density than water.Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan air dalam bekas B digantikan dengan cecair X yangmempunyai ketumpatan yang lebih tinggi daripada air.




Sketch the spurt of liquid X on Diagram 2.3.Lakarkan pancutan cecair X pada Rajah 2.3. 1 mark]

[1 markah]

2. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two balloons A and B exerted with the same force .Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua belon A dan B dikenakan daya yang sama.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

(a) What is meant by pressure ?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tekanan ?

………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ]

[1 markah]



(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2

(i) Which balloon will burst easily? Belon manakah yang akan mudah pecah ?

………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Compare the pressure exerted to the balloon Bandingkan tekanan yang dikenakan ke atas belon.

…………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Compare the surface area of finger and needle which in contact with the balloon.

Bandingkan luas permukaan jari dan jarum yang bersentuh pada belon

…………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iv) Relate the pressure exerted on the balloon with the surface area Hubungkaitkan antara tekanan yang dikenakan pada belon dengan luas permukaan

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(v) What happens to the pressure on the balloon if force exerted is increased?Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada tekanan yang dikenakan ke atas belon, jika daya yang dikenakan bertambah ?

…………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]



(c) State the physics concept involved Nyatakan konsep fizik yang terlibat dalam Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) State one application of physics’ concept in 5 (c) in our daily lifeNyatakan satu aplikasi konsep fizik dalam 5 (c) dalam kehidupan seharian kita

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

PAPER 2 – SECTION C

3. Diagram 11.1 shows two boats of the same weight floating on the surface of water in the sea and in the river.Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan dua buah kapal berjisim sama , terapung di permukaan air di sungai dan di laut.


(a) (i) What is meant by weight? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan berat?

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Explain why the boat is able to float? Terangkan kenapa kapal itu boleh terapung? [1 mark]

[1 markah]



(iii) Explain why the sinking levels of the boats are different in the river and in the sea.Terangkan kenapa paras kapal yang tenggelam berbeza di dalam sungaii dan di dalam laut? [3 marks]

[3 markah]

(b) If the volume of the boat that sinks in sea water is 250 m3 and the density of sea water is 1080kgm-3, calculateJika isipadu kapal yang tenggelam dalam air laut ialah 250 m3 dan ketumpatan air laut a dalah 1080 kgm-3, kirakan

(i) upthrust which acts on the boat.tujahan yang bertindak ke atas kapal. 3 marks]

[3 markah]

(ii) the volume of water displaced when the boat is in the river.[Density of river water = 1000 kgm-3]isipadu air yang disesarkan apabila kapal itu berada dalam sungai.[Ketumpatan air sungai = 1000 kgm-3]

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) Diagram 11.2 shows the specifications of four hydrometers P, Q, R and S.Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan keterangan-keterangan bagi empat hydrometer P, Q,R dan S.




You are asked to measure the density of an acid solution. Anda ditugaskan untuk mengukur ketumpatan suatu larutan asid.

(i) Study hydrometers P,Q,R and S in diagram 11.2 and explain the suitability of each features to determine the density of acid solution.Kaji semua hidrometer P,Q,R dan S dalam rajah 11.2 dan terangkan kesesuaian setiap binaan untuk mengukur ketumpatan suatu larutan asid.

(ii) Determine the most suitable hydrometer to be used to measure the density of an acid solution.Give reasons for your choice.Tentukan hidrometer yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan bagi mengukur ketumpatan suatu larutan asid.

Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.[10 marks]

[10 markah]




1 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the depth, h, of a test tube which floats vertically in water and the number of steel ball bearings, N, in the test tube.

The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of h against N in Diagram 2.1 Seorang murid telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara kedalaman, h satu tabung uji yang terapung tegak dalam air dan bilangan bebola logam, N dalam tabung uji itu.

Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan oleh graf h melawan N pada Rajah 2.1

(a) Based on graph in Diagram 2.1 :Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2.1 :

(i) State the relationship between h and N.Nyatakan hubungan antara h dan N.

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Determine the value of h when N = 0.Show on the graph, how you determine the value of h.

Tentukan nilai h apabila N = 0.Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimanaanda menentukan nilai h.

h = ……………………….. cm [3 marks]

[3 markah]

(iii) Determine the value of N when h = 12.6 cmShow on the graph how you determine the value of N.

Tentukan nilai N apabila h = 12.6 cm. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai N.

N = ……………………….. [2 marks] [2 markah]



h /cm


12

13

14

11

100 2 84 106

N

Diagram 2.1

Rajah 2.1

12 14

Graph of h against N

Graf h lawan N


(b) Calculate the gradient, k, of the graph.Show on the graph how you calculate k.Hitung kecerunan, k, bagi graf itu.Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menghitung k.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(c) The mass, m, of a steel ball bearing is given by the formula m = 5.455 d2 k,where k is the gradient of the graph and d is the diameter of a steel ball bearing. In this experiment, d = 2.50 cm.Calculate the value of m. Jisim, m, bagi bebola logam itu diberi oleh formula m = 5.455 d2 k, dengan keadaan k ialah kecerunan graf dan d ialah diameter bebola logam. Dalam eksperimen ini, d = 2.50 cm.Hitung nilai m.

m = …………………………. [2 marks] [2 markah]

(d) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the accuracy of the result of this experiment.Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaiki ketepatan bacaan dalam eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

PAPER 3 – SECTION B



2 Diagram 3.1 shows an inverted beaker contains an air trapped is converted and immersed in the water. Diagram 3.2 shows the volume of air trapped in the beaker decreased when the beaker is pushed down in the water.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu bikar yang ditelangkupkan mengandungi udara yang terperangkap ditenggelamkan ke dalam air. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan isipadu udara terperangkap di dalam bikar berkurang apabila bikar ditolak ke dalam air.


Based on your observation on the volume of air trapped in the beaker;Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas isipadu udara terperangkap di dalam bikar;

(a) State one suitable inference, Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated, Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c ) With use of apparatus such as a syringe , thick rubber tube and other apparatus, escribe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 2(b)

Dengan menggunakan radas yang seperti sebuah picagari, tiub getah tebal dan lain-lain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 2(b).

In your description, state clearly the following :Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut;(i) The aim of an experiment

Tujuan eksperimen



(ii) The variable in experimentPembolehubah eksperimen

(iii) The list of apparatus and materialsSenarai alat radas dan bahan

(iv) The arrangement of the apparatusSusunan alat radas

(v) The procedure of the experiment.Describes how to control and measure the manipulated variables andhow to measure the responding variables.Prosedur eksperimen.Jelaskan bagaimana mengawal dan mengukur pembolehubah manipulasi danBagaimana mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.

(vi) The way to tabulate tabulate the dataKaedah menjadual data

(vii) The way to analyze the dataKaedah menganalisa data

[10 marks][10 markah}

3 Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show a worker using a piece of straight long and uniform wood to determine the depth of a hole filled with water.



Rajah 3 menunjukkan seorang pekerja menggunakan sebatang kayu panjang yang seragam untuk menentukan kedalaman sebuah lubang yang dipenuhi air.


When the worker pushed the wood into the water as shown in Diagram 3.1 , he hasto apply only a small force .When the worker pushed the wood deeper as shown in Diagram 3.2, he has to apply a larger force.Apabila pekerja itu menolak kayu itu ke dalam air seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1, dia perlu mengenakan daya yang kecil.Apabila pekerja itu menolak kayu lebih ke dalam seoerti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.2, dia perlu mengenakan daya yang lebih besar.

Based on the observation and the information;Berdasarkan pemerhatian dan maklumat;

(a) State one suitable inference, Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai [1 mark]

[1 markah](b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated, Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat [1 mark]

[1 markah](c ) With use of apparatus such as a metal block , spring balance, beaker and other

apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).



Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bonkah logami,neraca spring, bikar dan Lain-lain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b).

In your description, state clearly the following : Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut;

(i) The aim of an experimentTujuan eksperimen




(v) The procedure of the experiment.Describes how to control and measure the manipulated variables andhow to measure the responding variables.Prosedur eksperimen.Jelaskan bagaimana mengawal dan mengukur pembolehubah manipulasi dan bagaimana mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.



[10 marks][10 markah]

CHAPTER 3 : FORCE AND PRESSURE


SCHEME


PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 D 7 D 13 D 19 B

2 C 8 C 14 C 20 A

3 C 9 C 15 D 21 A

4 C 10 B 16 D 22 B

5 B 11 B 17 C

6 D 12 B 18 B

PAPER 2

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1 (a) Pressure = 1 1

(b) Depth / Density / gravity 1 1

(c) P = hρg = 0.12 x 1000 x 10 = 1200 Pa.

11

2

(d)

1 1

TOTAL 5

1 (a) Pressure = 1 1

(b) (i) Balloon B /diagram 5.2 is bigger 1

(ii) Pressure of needle is higher/greater than finger/vice versa 1



NO SCHEME SUB MARK TOTAL MARK

(iii) The surface area of needle is smaller than finger/ vice versa 1

5 (iv) As the pressure increases, the surface area decreases/ pressure is inversely proportional to surface area.

1

(v) Pressure increase 1

(c) Pressure depends on force and surface Area // pressure 1 1

(d) The handle of the bag has large area to reduce the pressure on the hand/the edge of knife’s blade is small/the studs of football is small/ skis have large area/ suitable item

1 1

TOTAL 8

3(a)(i) Weight is the gravitational force acts an object. 1

5(ii) Upthrust = weight of the boat 1

(iii) Sea water is denserBoat displaced less sea water and gain the same upthrust . Therefore boat sinks less in sea water

111

(b)(i) Upthrust = mass of sea water displaced = mg = Vg = 250 X 1080 X 10 = 2.7 X 106 N

1

11

5

(b)(ii) 2. 7 X 106 = V X 1000 X 10 V = 270 m3

11

(c)(i)Specifications ReasonsSmall stem and long.

Increase the sensitivity where the scale divisions are far apart so that small changes in density can be detected.

2

Glass wall Do not erode and small adhesive force.

2

Large diameter of bulb.

High upthrust /displaces more liquid/to be able to float easily.

2

Lead shots Hydrometer can stay upright. 2

8

10

(c)(ii) P is chosen Small and long stem, glass wall, large diameter of bulb and lead shots used.

11

TOTAL 20




1(a)(i) h increased linearly with N.1

6

(ii) Extrapolate line intercept h axis. show on graph the value of h (with unit) state the value of h = 12.6 cm

111

show horizontal line from 13.4 cm touches the graph then vertical line until it touches the n axis.

N = 9 (from the graph = 9.2)

1

1

(b) show with an acceptable size. ( > 8 cm x 8 cm) - substitute correctly y2 – y1 13.2 -11.0 -------- = ----------- x2 – x1 12.0 – 2.0- state the value of gradient and its value k = 0.22 cm

1

1

1

3

(c) m = 5.455 d2 k = 5.455 (2.5)2 (0.22) ………….. gantian betul = 7.5 (tanpa unit)

11

2

(d) The position of eye should be in line with the scale of reading as measurement to be taken, as to avoid parallax error // Do repeated readings for h three times for aech value of N and find the average value of h as to increase the accuracy of readings

1 1

TOTAL 12M

2(a) Pressure depends on volume// Volume influences pressure1 1

(b) When the volume decrease , the pressure increase , 1 1

(c) M1 Menyatakan tujuan dengan betul To investigate the relationship between volume and pressureM2 Menyatakan pembolehubah manipulasi dan bergerakbalas dengan betul Manipulated : volume Responding : pressure M3 Menyatakan pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dengan betul Fixed : mass of gas // temperatureM4 Menyatakan alat radas dan bahan Syringe, clip , thick rubber tube, bourdon gauge




M5 Melukis/Menyatakan Set-Up radas yang betul

M6 Menyatakan kaedah mengawal pembolehubah manipulasi The piston of the 100 cm -3 syringe is adjusted until the volume of air in the syringe at atmospheric pressure.The other end of the rubber tube is connected to bourdon gauge and the pressure of the air in the syringe is read on the gauge. The piston of the syringe is pushed in until the enclosed volume is 98 cm3 / V1. M7 Menyatakan kaedah mengawal pembolehubah bergerakbalas. The pressure on the Bourdon gauge is recorded. M8 Menyatakan ulangan eksperimen The steps is repeated for an enclosed volume of 96 cm3/V2, 94 cm3/V3, 92cm3/V4, 90 cm3/V5

M9 Menyatakan kaedah menjadual data dengan betul tajuk//symbol dengan unit yang betul

Volume, V (cm3) Pressure, P (Nm-2)9896949290

M10 Menyatakan kaedah menganalisa data dengan betul

10

12



3 (a) Inference: The buoyant force depends on volume of water displaced 1 (b) Hypothesis: As the volume of water displaced increases, the buoyant force

will also increase1

(c) (i) Aim: To investigate the relationship between the volume of water displaced and the buoyant force acting on an object.

1

(ii) Variables: Manipulated: Volume Of Water displaced Responding: Buoyant Force Constant: Density of liquid

11

(iii) Apparatus And Material:Spring balance, metal rod, measuring cylinder 1

(iv) Arrangement of apparatus:

1

(v) Procedure- Weight of cylinder in air is measured.using spring balance, W- Rod is lowered into the water until the volume immersed , V is 50 cm3

- The reading of spring balances is then recorded, Wo.- Buoyant force, Fb, is calculated by Fb = W – Wo

- The experiment is then repeated for volume of the rod V = 100 cm3, 150 cm3 , 200 cm3, and 250 cm3.

1

1

1 (vi) Way you tabulate data

1


V / cm3 W / N Wo / N Buoyant Force, Fb

50100150200250


(vii) Analyse data

1

TOTAL 12

CHAPTER 4: HEATPAPER 1

1. Diagram 1 shows block L and block M of different material are in thermal equilibrium .Rajah 1 menunjukkan bongkah L dan bongkah M daripada bahan yang berlainan berada dalam keseimbangan termal.

o o

Diagram 1Rajah 1

Which of following statements is true? Yang manakah antara pernyataan berikut adalah benar?

A specific heat capacity of L = specfic heat capacity of Mmuatan haba tentu L = muatan haba tentu M.

B The net rate of heat transferred is equalKadar pemindahan haba bersih adalah sama

C The net rate of heat transferred is zeroKadar pemindahan haba bersih adalah sifar

D Temperature of L is higher than temperature of M.Suhu L lebih tinggi daripada suhu M.

2. “Water takes a shorter time to boil when heated at high lands than at low lands, although the same amount of energy is used.”“Air lebih cepat mendidih apabila dipanaskan di kawasan tanah tinggi berbanding kawasan rendah walaupun jumlah tenaga yang sama digunakan”


Thermometertermometer

ThermometertermometerL M


This observation is due toPemerhatian ini disebabkan oleh

A the temperature is lower at high landssuhu lebih rendah di kawasan tanah tinggi

B the atmospheric pressure is lower at high landstekanan atmosfera lebih rendah di kawasan tanah tinggi

C the air is less damp at high landskelembapan udara lebih rendah di kawasan tanah tinggi

D the rate of heat lost is faster at high landskadar pembebasan haba lebih cepat di kawasan tinggi

3. Diagram 2 shows a thermometer.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah termometer.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Which modification will increase the sensitivity of the thermometer?Pengubahsuaian yang manakah akan menambah kepekaan termometer?

A Using a longer capillary tubeMenggunakan tiub rerambut yang lebih panjang

B Using a glass stem with a thicker wallMenggunakan dinding batang kaca yang lebih tebal

C Using a bulb with thicker wallMenggunakan dinding bebuli yang lebih tebal

D Using a narrower bore of capillary tubeMenggunakan liang tiub rerambut yang lebih halus


Bulbbebuli

Mercurymerkuri

Capillary tubeTiub rerambut

Glass stemBatang kaca


4 Diagram 3 shows a mercury thermometer which has not been calibrated. The length of mercury column in the thermometer is 5 cm at 0 0C and 50 cm at 100 0C. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah termometer merkuri yang belum ditentukur. Panjang turus merkuri pada thermometer ialah 5 cm pada 0 0C dan 50 cm pada 100 0C.

Diagram 3Rajah 3

When the thermometer is placed in hot water, the length of the mercury column is 35 cm. What is the temperature of hot water?

Apabila termometer itu dimasukkan ke dalam air panas, panjang turus merkuri menjadi 35 cm. Berapakah suhu air panas?

A 35.0 0C B 40.0 0C

C 66.7 0C D 70.0 0C

5. The temperature of 5 kg of water rises by 50 0C when heated. What is the temperature rise when 8 kg of water is heated by the same amount of heat energy?Suhu bagi 5 kg air meningkat sebanyak 50 0C apabila dipanaskan. Berapakahpeningkatan suhu apabila 8 kg air dipanaskan dengan jumlah tenaga haba yang sama?

A 20.75 0C B 31.25 0C

C 40.00 0C D 80.00 0C



6 Diagram 4 shows the cooling curve of a substance. Rajah 4 menunjukkan lengkung penyejukan suatu bahan.

Diagram 4Rajah 4

At which phase, A, B, C or D is the substance is in solid and liquid at the same time? Pada fasa manakah, A, B, C atau D bahan itu dalam keadaan pepejal dan cecair

pada masa yang sama?



7. Diagram 5 shows the heating curve of water. Rajah 5 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi air.

Which of the following statements is correct to explain the effect of the heat absorbed by the water between point R and S?Yang manakah antara penyataan-pernyataan berikut adalah betul untuk menerangkan kesan haba yang diserap oleh air antara titik R dan S?

A Weakens the forces between the water moleculesMelemahkan daya-daya antara molekul-molekul air

B Breaks the bonds between the water moleculesMemutuskan ikatan-ikatan antara molekul-molekul air

C Increases the kinetic energy of the water moleculesMenambah tenaga kinetik molekul-molekul air

D Strengthens the bonds between the water moleculesMenguatkan ikatan-ikatan antara molekul-molekul air


Diagram 5Rajah 5


8. Diagram 6 shows two blocks M and N of equal masses and initial temperature are being heated with the same amount of heat energy. Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua blok M dan N yang sama jisim dan suhu awal sedang dipanaskan dengan jumlah tenaga haba yang sama.

.

It is observed that M is hot faster than N. This observation is due to Diperhatikan bahawa M lebih cepat panas berbanding dengan N. Pemerhatian ini adalah disebabkan oleh

A density M < density Nketumpatan M < ketumpatan N

B density M > density Nketumpatan M > ketumpatan N

C specific heat capacity M < specific heat capacity Nmuatan haba tentu M < muatan haba tentu N

D specific heat capacity M > specific heat capacity Nmuatan haba tentu M > muatan haba tentu N

9. Table 1 shows the specific heat capacity for materials R, S and T. Jadual 1 menunjukkan muatan haba tentu bagi bahan-bahan R, S dan T.


Material Specific heat capacity/Jkg-1ºC-1

R 428

S 850

T 3500

Heat shieldPerisai haba

stovedapur

Block MBlok M Block N

Blok N

Diagram 6Rajah 6


. Which of the following pairs is most suitable for making the base and the handle of the frying pan?Yang manakah antara pasangan-pasangan berikut adalah paling sesuai untuk dijadikan dasar dan pemegang bagi kuali memanas?

Base of the frying pan Handle of the frying panDasar kuali memanas Pemegang kuali memanas

A R T

B T R

C S T

D T S

10 Diagram 7 shows a balloon filled with cool air is placed in a hot room.Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebiji belon berisi dengan udara sejuk diletakkan dalam sebuah bilik yang panas.

After a while, what happens to the balloon?Selepas seketika, apakah yang berlaku kepada belon itu ?

A. It rises to the ceiling B. It falls to the floorIa naik ke siling Ia jatuh ke lantai

C. It expands D. It contractsIa mengembang Ia mengecut


Table 1Jadual 1

balloonbelon

cool airudara sejuk

hot roombilik panas

Diagram 7Rajah 7


11. Diagram 8 shows a metal cylinder of mass 5.0 kg and specific heat capacity 400 J kg–1 oC–1 is heated with a heater of power 1 KW.Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu silinder logam yang berjisim 5.0 kg dan muatan haba tentu 400 Jkg–1 oC–1 dipanaskan dengan pemanas yang berkuasa 1 KW.

What is the rise in temperature of the cylinder if the heater is switched on for 10 seconds?Berapakah kenaikan suhu silinder itu jika pemanas dihidupkan selama 10 saat ?

A 0.20 oC B 0.80 oC

C 1.25 oC D 5.00 oC


thermometertermometer

heater pemanas

metal cylindersilinder logam

Diagram 8Rajah 8



1. Diagram 1 shows a metal sphere with initial temperature of 30oC is immersed in boiling water.Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebiji sfera logam yang mempunyai suhu awal 30oC direndam dalam air mendidih.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1

(a) (i) What happen to the temperature of the metal sphere? Apakah yang berlaku kepada suhu sfera logam ?

……………………………………………………...………….[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Give a reason for the answer in 1(a)(i). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan dalam 1(a)(i).

……………………………………………………………………….... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) After sometime, the metal sphere and the boiling water have the same temperature.Selepas beberapa ketika, sfera logam dan air mendidih itu mempunyai suhu yang sama.



(i) Tick (√ ) in the box below for the correct statement about heat flows between the metal sphere and the boiling water.Tandakan (√ ) dalam kotak di bawah bagi pernyataan yang betul tentang pengaliran haba di antara sfera logam dan air mendidih.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water < the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.Kadar pengaliran haba dari air mendidih < kadar pengaliran haba dari sfera logam.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water = the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.Kadar pengaliran haba dari air mendidih = kadar pengaliran haba dari sfera logam.

The rate of heat flows from boiling water > the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.Kadar pengaliran haba dari air mendidih > kadar pengaliran haba dari sfera logam.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) State the physics concept involve in 1(b) (i). Nyatakan konsep fizik yang terlibat dalam 1(b) (i).

……………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

2. A substance X with mass 0.5 kg is heated by using a heater 100 W. Diagram 2 shows graph temperature against mass for the substance. Suatu bahan X berjisim 0.5 kg dipanaskan dengan menggunakan pemanas 100 W.Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi bahan tersebut.



Diagram 2Rajah 2

(a). What is the time taken by substance X to achieve melting point ?Berapakah masa yang diambil oleh bahan X untuk mencapai takat lebur?

………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[ 1markah]

(b). Based on information on graph, find specific latent heat for the substance X.Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi pada graf, hitungkan haba pendam tentu bagi bahan X

[2 marks][ 2 markah]

(c). By using kinetic theory, explain why there is no increase in temperature at QR.Dengan menggunakan teori kinetik, terangkan mengapa tiada kenaikan suhu pada QR.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................[2 marks]

[ 2 markah] 3. Diagram 3 shows a wet towel is placed on the forehead of a boy who has high fever.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan tuala yang basah diletakkan di atas dahi seorang budak lelaki yang mengalami demam panas.



Diagram 3Rajah 3

(a) What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma?

……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b) Explain how a thermal equilibrium is achieved in Diagram 3.Terangkan bagaimana keseimbangan terma tercapai dalam Rajah 3.

……………………………………………………………………………........

………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(c) The mass of water used to wet the towel is 0.3 kg and the specific heat capacity for water is 4 200 J kg-1 oC-1 . The initial temperature of the towel is 30oC and the final temperature is 38oC. Find the amount of heat energy from the boy is removed by the wet towel.Jisim air yang digunakan untuk membasahkan tuala adalah 0.3 kg dan muatan haba tentu air adalah 4 200 J kg-1 oC-1 . Suhu awal tuala adalah 30oC dan suhu akhir adalah 38oC. Hitung jumlah tenaga haba yang telah dibebaskan daripada budak itu oleh tuala basah.

[2 marks]

(d) What happens to the final temperature if the water used to wet the towel is mixed with ice cubes?Apakah yang berlaku kepada suhu akhir jika air yang digunakan untuk membasahkan tuala dicampurkan dengan ketulan ais?

…………………………………………………………………………....



[1 mark]


1. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the heating curves obtained when 50 g and 80 g of the solid substance are heated respectively. The melting point of the substance is 78oC. Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan graf pemanasan yang diperolehi apabila 50 g dan 80 g bahan itu dipanaskan masing-masing. Takat lebur bahan itu adalah 78 oC.



(a) (i) What is the meaning of melting point?



Apakah maksud takat lebur? [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Based on the information and the observation on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the mass, the time taken to reach the melting point and the time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely.Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian pada Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan jisim,masa yang diambil untuk mencapai takat lebur dan masa yang diambil untuk bahan itu berubah kepada cecair sepenuhnya.

Relate the mass and the time taken by the substance to change into liquid completely to make a deduction on the relationship between the mass and the latent heat of fusion absorbed by the substance.Hubungkaitkan antara jisim dengan masa yang diambil untuk bahan berubah kepada cecair sepenuhnya untuk membuat kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara jisim dengan haba pendam peleburan yang diserap oleh bahan itu.

[5 marks] [5 markah]

(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze. Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan fenomena bayu laut.


Using the concept of specific heat capacity, explain how the phenomenon of sea breeze occurs.



Menggunakan konsep muatan haba tentu, terangkan bagaimana fenomena bayu laut berlaku.


(c) Diagram 9.4 shows a design of central heating system used in cold country to heat and keep houses warm.

Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan suatu rekabentuk sistem pemanasan berpusat yang digunakan di negara yang berhawa sejuk untuk memanas dan mengekalkan

haba di dalam rumah.


Suggest and explain how to build a house central heating system which can function effectively based on the following aspects:Cadang dan terangkan bagaimana untuk membina suatu sistem pemanasan berpusat sebuah rumah yang boleh berfungsi dengan cekap berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) The specific heat capacity of the liquid Muatan haba tentu cecair

(ii) The boiling point of the liquid Takat didih cecair

(iii) The properties of material used for transmission pipe Sifat-sifat bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantaran cecair



(iv) The size of the fan used to blow the heat from radiator Saiz kipas yang digunakan untuk meniup haba daripada radiator



5. (a) What is the meant by specific heat capacity?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan muatan haba tentu?

[1 mark]


(b) Diagram 11.1 shows phenomenon which occur in our daily life. Using a physics concept, Rajah 11.1menunjukkan fenomena yang berlaku dalam kehidupan seharian kita. Menggunakan konsep fizik,

(i) explain how the phenomenon occursterangkan bagaimana fenomena berlaku

[3 marks](ii) Name the phenomenon that occurs

Namakan fenomena yang berlaku[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 11.2 shows a graph of temperature against time taken for heating 500 g of a liquid using an immersion heater of 48 W. Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa yang diambil untuk memanaskan 500 g cecair dengan menggunakan pemanas rendam 48 W.



Diagram11.2Rajah 11.2

CalculateHitung

(i) the specific heat capacity of the liquidmuatan haba tentu cecair itu [3 marks]

(ii) the final temperature of the mixture, if after 5 minutes of heating, the liquid is poured into a beaker that contains 1 kg of water at temperature of 25oC.Suhu akhir campuran, jika selepas pemanasan selama 5 minit, cecair itu dituang ke dalam sebuah bikar yang mengandungi 1 kg air pada suhu 25oC.

[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 11.3 shows the arrangement of the apparatus to determine the specific heat capacity of Aluminium block. Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan muatan haba tentu bagi bongkah Aluminium.




Table 11.1 shows the materials that are able to be use in the arrangement of the apparatus. You are assigned to investigate the materials shown in Table 11.1. Jadual 11.1 menunjukkan bahan-bahan yang boleh digunakan dalam susunan radas itu. Anda ditugaskan untuk menyiasat bahan-bahan yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 11.1

Set of apparatusSet radas

MaterialBahan

Plate XKepingan X

Liquid YCecair Y

Material ZBahan Z

Power of immersion heaterKuasa pemanas

rendam

PWoodKayu

WaterAir

TissueKertas tisu

12 W

QAsbestosAsbestos

AlcoholAlkohol

Plain PaperKertas biasa

48 W

RWoodKayu

OilMinyak

Plain PaperKertas biasa

24 W

SAsbestosAsbestos

OilMinyak

TissueKertas tisu

48 W



TCopperKuprum

WaterAir

TissueKertas tisu

24 W

Table 11.1 Jadual 11.1

Explain the suitability of each material in Table 11.1, then determine the most suitable set of apparatus to be used to determine the specific heat capacity of Aluminium. State the reason for your answer.Terangkan kesesuaian setiap bahan dalam Jadual 11.1 dan seterusnya tentukan set radas yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan muatan haba tentu pepejal Aluminium itu. Beri sebab untuk jawapan anda.

[10 marks]


1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the temperature, , of a fixed mass of liquid and the time, t, it has been heated. This experiment is carried out using the same immersion heater to heat up 400 g of the liquid. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of against t in Diagram 2.1.Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara suhu, , bagi suatu cecair yang berjisim tetap dengan masa, t, ia dipanaskan. Eksperimen ini dijalankan menggunakan pemanas rendam yang sama untuk memanas 400 g cecair tersebut. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan oleh graf melawan t pada Rajah 2.1.

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1: Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2.1:

(i) What happens to as t increases? Apakah yang berlaku pada apabila t bertambah?

………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Determine the value of when t = 0 s. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of .

Tentukan nilai apabila t = 0 s. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai .


/0C

t /s


= …………………………………….[2 marks][2 markah]


Graph of against tGraf melawan t

1 2 3 4 5 6


026

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38


(iii) Calculate the gradient, k, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine k.

Hitung kecerunan, k, bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan k.

k = ………………………………………………[3 marks][3 markah]

(b) (i) Specific heat capacity, c, of the liquid is given by the equation: Muatan haba tentu, c, bagi cecair diberi oleh persamaan,

Where m = mass of the liquid used in this experiment. k = gradient of the graph.

Dimana m = jisim cecairyang diguna dalam eksperimen ini. k = kecerunan graf.

Calculate the value of the specific heat capacity, c, of the liquid.Hitungkan nilai muatan haba tentu, c, cecair tersebut.

c = …………………………………………..[3 marks]



[3 markah]

(ii) What is the value of c if 800 g of the liquid is used in the experiment?Berapakah nilai c jika 800 g cecair tersebut digunakan dalam eksperimen ini?

c = [1 mark][1 markah]

(b) State two precautions that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment.

Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaiki keputusan eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………… 2 marks] [2 markah]



CHAPTER 4 : HEAT

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 C 4 C 7 C 10 C

2 B 5 B 8 C 11 D

3 D 6 C 9 A

PAPER 2-SECTION A

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a)(i) Increases 1

2(ii) Metal sphere absorbs heat from boiling water. 1

(b) (i)The rate of heat flows from boiling water = the rate of heat flows from metal sphere.

1

2

(ii) Thermal equilibrium 1

TOTAL MARK 4M

2(a) 300 s 1 1(b) Pt = ml

M1 100 x ( 1050 – 300) = 0.5 l M2 l = 150 000 J kg-1 (with unit)

11

2

(c) M1 Heat supplied is used to break up bonds between moleculesM2 Heat is not used to increase kinetic energy

1

12

TOTAL MARK 5M

3(a) Net heat flow is zero / temperature is equal 1 1

(b) M1 The initial temperature of cloth is lower than the body temperatureM2 Heat energy is transferred until temperature is equal / no heat loss

1

12

(c) M1 0.3 (4200) ( 38 – 30 ) 1 2


SCHEME

√


M2 10080 J (with unit) 1(d) Decrease 1 1

TOTAL MARK 6M

PAPER 2-SECTION B

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

4(a)(i) The temperature in which a solid substance change to liquid at atmospheric pressure

1

6

(ii) 1. The mass of substance in Diagram 9.1 < in Diagram 9.22. Time taken to reach the melting point in Diagram 9.1 < in

Diagram 9.23. Time taken by the substance to change into liquid

completely in Diagram 9.1 < in Diagram 9.24. The greater the mass the longer the time taken by the

substance to change into liquid completely.5. The greater the mass the greater the latent heat of fusion

absorbed

11

1

1

1

(b) 1. In daytime the sun warms the land to higher temperature than the sea.

2. The land has a lower specific heat capacity than sea-water.

3. The air above the land is heated and rises 4. The cooler air above the sea moving to land.

1

1

11

4

(c)

10

TOTAL MARK 20M

PAPER 2-SECTION C

5(a) The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg mass by 1oC

1 1

(b)(i) M1 Land has a smaller specific heat capacity than sea // Land faster increase in temperature // Land is warmer

1 3


Aspect ExplanationHigh specific heat capacity of liquid

Becomes hot faster

High boiling point of liquid Not easily change into vapourLow rate of rusting material Long lasting // not easily rustStrong material Not easily breaksThe size of the fan is big To blow large amount of heat


than the seaM2 Air above the land is heated up and risesM3 Cooler air from the sea moves towards the land

11

NO SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK

OR DIAGRAM

M1 Label Sea(cold), Land (Hot)M2 Show Hot air on land rises upM3 Show Cold air moves towards the sea

3 3

(ii) Sea Breeze 1 1

(c)(i) M1 Q = Pt // 48 x 5 x 60 // 14 400 J M2 14 400 = 500 x 10-3 ( c ) ( 80 – 40 ) M3 720 Jkg-1oC-1 (with unit )

111

5(ii) M1 Heat supplied by liquid = Heat received by water

( 500 x 10-3)(4200)(80 - ) = (1) ( 4200)( - 25 ) M2 29.34oC (with unit)

1

1

(d)Characteristics ExplanationPlate X - asbestos a good heat insulator Liquid Y – oil good heat contact between thermometer

and the Aluminium block // to ensure thermal equilibrium between thermometer and aluminium block

Material Z – tissue reduce / prevent heat lost to the surrounding

Immersion heater has high power

can increase the temperature faster // fast to heat // supply more heat energy

S Because ...... ( M1,M3,M5 & M7)

10

TOTAL MARK 20M



PAPER 3 - SECTION A

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1 (a)(i) θ increasing linearly with t 1

6

(ii) M1 Show on graph - Extend the line to intercept at y axisM2 θ = 27.3 ° C

11

(iii) M1 Big Triangle is drawn on the graph (at least 8 cm x 8 cm )M2 36 -29 5- 1M3 1.75 ° C / min // 0.0292 ° C / s

1

11

(b)(i) M1 c = 50 mk M2 50 0.4 x 0.0292M3 4.28 x 10 3 J kg -1 °C -1

1

11

4

(ii) Same / 4.28 x 10 3 J kg -1 °C -1 1

(c) The liquid must be stirred throughout the experiment //Do repeated readings for temperature for each tme for three times and get the average reading as to increase the accuracy// Avoid from wind // Eyes is perpendicular to the scale of thermometer and stop watch when mesurement is taken as to avoid parallax error

Any 2 2

TOTAL MARK 12M



CHAPTER 5: LIGHTPAPER 1

1 Which of the following are the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror?Yang manakah antara berikut adalah ciri-ciri imej yang dihasilkan oleh cermin satah?

A. Inverted, same size and realSongsang, sama saiz dan nyata

B Upright, same size and realTegak, sama saiz dan nyata

C Upright, magnified and laterally invertedTegak, dibesarkan dan songsang sisi

D Laterally inverted, same size and virtualSongsang sisi, sama saiz dan maya

2 Which diagram shows the correct reflection of light by a concave mirror? Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan pantulan cahaya yang betul oleh sebuah cermin cekung?



3. Which of the following ray diagrams shows the correct reflection of light from a curved mirror?

Antara rajah-rajah sinar berikut, yang manakah yang menunjukkan pantulan cahaya yang betul daripada sebuah cermin melengkung?

A

B

C

D

4. Table 1 shows the refractive indices of water and perspex. Jadual 1 menunjukkan indeks biasan bagi air dan perspek.

MediumMedium

Refractive index, nIndeks biasan,n

WaterAir

1.33

Perspex 1.49



Perspek Table 1 Jadual 1

Based on the information in Table 1, which light ray, A, B, C or D is correct? Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 1, sinar cahaya A, B, C atau D adalah betul?

5. Diagram 1 shows the path of light travelling from a glass block to air

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu lintasan cahaya yang merambat melalui satu blok kaca ke udara .

g

The refractive index of the glass block isIndeks biasan bagi blok kaca ialah

A B

C D


42oGlass blockBlok kaca

airudara

normal

Diagram 1Rajah 1


6. Diagram 2 shows an object placed at a distance, x from a convex lens with a focal length, f.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu objek diletakkan pada jarak x dari kanta cembung dengan panjang fokus,f.

The image formed is virtual and magnified. The object is atImej yang terbentuk adalah maya dan diperbesarkan. Objek itu berada di

A x > 2f B x = 2f

C x < f D f < x < 2f

7. If u is object distance, v is image distance and f is focal length of a lens, which of the following equations is true?Jika u ialah jarak objek, v ialah jarak imej dan f ialah panjang focus bagi suatu kanta, manakah antara persamaan berikut adalah benar?

A f = B f =

C = D =

8. Diagram 3 shows a converging lens producing an upright and virtual image.Rajah 3 menunjukkan kanta penumpu yang menghasilkan imej tegak dan maya.


x

Convex lensKanta cembung

Objectobjek

Diagram 2Rajah 2


Diagram 3

Rajah 3

Which optical instrument uses this arrangement?Manakah alat optik yang menggunakan susunan rajah ini?

A Camera B Slide ProjectorKamera Projektor Slaid

C Telescope D Magnifying GlassTeleskop Kanta pembesar

9. An object of 3 cm height is placed 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed at 30 cm from the lens. What is the height of the image?Sebuah objek yang berketinggian 3 cm diletakkan 15cm dari kanta cembung. Imejnya terbentuk pada 30 cm dari kanta. Berapakah ketinggian imej itu?

A. 1.5 cm B 3.0 cm

C 4.5 cm D 6.0 cm

10. Diagram 4 shows an arrangement of a simple astronomical telescope at normal adjustment. Rajah 4 menunjukkan binaan sebuah teleskop astronomi ringkas pada pelarasan

normal.

Diagram 4



Rajah 4

The focal length of objective lens, Q and the eyepiece, P are fQ and fP respectively. Which of the following is correct?Panjang fokus kanta mata, Q dan kanta objektif, P masing-masing ialah fQ dan fP. Yang manakah berikut adalah betul?

A L = fQ + fP

B L > fQ + fP

C L > fQ – fP

11. Diagram 5 shows a ray diagram of a convex lens with focal length, f. Rajah 5menunjukkan rajah sinar sebuah kanta cembung yang mempunyai panjang

fokus,f.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

Which statement is correct to explain the diagram? Pernyataan yang manakah betul untuk menerangkan rajah di atas?

A The object distance is equal to f. Jarak objek adalah kurang dari f

B The object distance is equal to 2f. Jarak objek adalah sama dengan 2f.

C The convex lens acts as a magnifying glass. Kanta cembung bertidak sebagai kanta pembesar.

D The characteristics of image are real, magnified and upright. Ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk adalah sahih, lebih besar dan tegak.

12. The focal length of the objective lens of an astronomical telescope is 100 cm. The magnification of the telescope is 20 times. What is the focal length of the eyepiece?Panjang fokus bagi kanta objektif bagi satu teleskop astronomi ialah 100 cm.



Pembesaran teleskop astronomi ialah 20 kali. Berapakah panjang fokus bagi kanta mata?

A 5 cm B 20 cm

C 80 cm D 120 cm

13. Diagram 6 shows a ray , X, is directed into a glass block. The critical angle of the glass is 42o. Which direction does the light travels from point Y?Rajah 6, menunjukkan suatu sinar, X ditujukan ke dalam blok kaca. Sudut genting kaca ialah 42 0. Dalam arah manakah sinar merambat dari titik Y?

Diagram 6Rajah 6

14. Diagram 7 shows light ray travels through an optical fibre.Rajah 7 menunjukkan sinar cahaya bergerak melalui sebuah gentian optik.

Diagram 7Rajah 7

Which statement is correct? Pernyataan yang manakah betul?



A Angle of θ is smaller than critical angle of inner core. Sudut θ lebih kecil dari sudut genting teras dalam.

B Angle of θ is smaller than critical angle of outer cladding. Sudut θ lebih kecil dari sudut genting pembalut luar.

C The inner core is denser than the outer cladding. Teras dalam lebih tumpat dari pembalut luar.

D The outer cladding is denser than the inner core. Pembalut luar lebih tumpat dari teras dalam.


1. Diagram 1 shows an object, O with height 2 cm placed on the left side of a convex lens, X. The focal length of the convex lens is 10 cm.Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu objek,O dengan ketinggian 2 cm diletakkan di sebelah kiri kanta cembung,X. Panjang fokus kanta cembung ini ialah 10 cm.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

(a) On Diagram 1 draw the ray path from the object to form an image.Pada Rajah 1 lukiskan lintasan sinar dari objek untuk membentuk imej.

[2 mark][2 markah]

(b) State the characteristics of the image formed.Nyatakan ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk.

……………………………………………………………………….................[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(c) If the object is placed at a distance 30 cm from the lens, calculate:Jika objek diletakkan pada jarak 30 cm dari kanta, hitung:

(i) the image distance. jarak imej

[2 mark][2 markah]

(ii) linear magnification. pembesaran linear.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(d) You are given another convex lens, Y with power 2 Diopter. You are required to create a simple astronomical telescope using convex lenses X and Y.Anda diberi satu kanta cembung yang lain, Y dengan kuasa 2 Diopter. Anda dikehendaki mereka satu teleskop astronomi ringkas menggunakan kedua-dua kanta cembung X dan Y.

(i) Which lens is suitable to be objective lens and eyepiece?Kanta manakah yang sesuai dijadikan kanta objek dan kanta mata?

Objective lens: ………………………………Kanta objek

Eyepiece : ………………………………Kanta mata

[2 mark][2 markah]

(ii) Give one reason to your answer in (d) (i).Berikan alasan bagi jawapan di ( d) (i).

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(e) Draw the arrangement of the lenses and sketch the ray path from distance object using convex lenses X and Y to form a simple astronomical telescope.Lukiskan susunan kanta dan lakarkan lintasan sinar dari satu objekyang jauh dengan menggunakan kanta cembung X dan Y untuk membentuk satu teleskop astronomi ringkas.

[3 marks][3 markah]

PAPER 2 - SECTION B

2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows a ray of light directed perpendicularly at a side of the semi circular glass block. The ray passes through the glass block to a point O before leaving the glass block. The angle of incidence in the glass block is 30°.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu bongkah kaca semi bulatan. Satu sinar cahaya ditujukan secara tegak ke suatu sisi blok kaca itu. Sinar itu kemudiannya memasuki bongkah kaca itu dan menuju ke titik O sebelum keluar semula. Sudut tuju sinar itu di dalam kaca adalah 30°.


(i) What is meant by angle of incidence? [1mark]Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sudut tuju? [1markah]

(ii) Explain how total internal reflection is able to occur in Diagram 2.1. [4 marks]

Terangkan bagaimana pantulan dalam penuh boleh berlaku dalam Rajah 2.1? [4 markah]



(b) Diagram 2.2 and Diagram 2.3 show two rectangular glass blocks with different optical density and refractive index. Ray of light is directed toward the glass blocks with the same angle of incidence 30°. Rajah 2.2 dan Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan dua buah bongkah kaca yang berlainan ketumpatan dan indeks biasannya. Sinar cahaya ditujukan kepada kedua-dua bongkah kaca itu dengan sudut tuju 30°.

Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3

Ketumpatan = 2600 kgm-3 ketumpatan = 2670 kgm-3


Based on Diagram 2.2 and Diagram 2.3,Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2 dan Rajah 2.3,

(i) compare the densities of the glass blocks ? [1mark]bandingkan ketumpatan bongkah kaca itu. [1markah]

(ii) compare the refractive index of the glass blocks? [1mark]bandingkan indeks biasan bongkah kaca itu. [1markah]

(iii) compare the angle of refraction of the glass blocks? [1mark]bandingkan sudut tuju pembiasan bongkah kaca itu. [1markah]

(iv) relate the angle of refraction, r and the density of the glass block? [1mark]

hubungkaitkan sudut pembiasan,r dengan ketumpatan blok kaca. [1markah]



(v) relate the angle of refraction, r and the refractive index of the glass blocks? [1mark]hubungkaitkan sudut pembiasan,r dengan indeks biasan kaca.

[1markah]

(c) Diagram 2. 4 shows a fibre optic.Rajah 2 .4 menunjukkan gentian optik.


You are required to give suggestions to design a fibre optics which can works efficiently. Using your knowledge on light, and the properties of material, explain the suggestion based on the following aspects;Anda diminta untuk memberikan cadangan untuk mereka bentuk satu gentian optik yang dapat berfungsi dengan cekap. Menggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang cahaya dan sifat bahan, terangkan cadangan anda berdasarkan aspek berikut;

(i) the refractive index of outer and inner layer [2marks]indeks biasan lapisan luar dan dalam [2markah]

(ii) flexibility [2marks]kelenturan [2 markah]

(iii) strength [2marks]



kekuatan [2 markah]

(iv) thickness [2marks]ketebalan [2 markah]

(v) density of the glass [2marks]ketumpatan kaca [2 markah]

3 Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show parallel rays are directed towards the lenses P and Q with focal point F.Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sinar selari menuju permukaan kanta P dan Q dengan titik fokus F.


(a) What is meant by focal point? [1 mark]Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan titik fokus? [1 markah]

(b) Using Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 , compare the thickness, the focal length and power of the lens. Relate the thickness of the lens with the focal length to make a deduction regarding the relationship between thickness of the lens and the power of lens. [5 marks]Menggunakan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, bandingkan ketebalan, panjang focus dan kuasa kanta tersebut. Hubungkaitkan ketebalan kanta dengan panjang fokus untuk membuat satu deduksi tentang hubungan antara ketebalan dengan kuasa kanta. [5 markah]

(c) Diagram 3.3 shows lens P is used as a magnifying glass.Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan kanta P digunakan sebagai kanta pembesar.




(i) At which position the object should be placed so that lens P will acts as a magnifying glass?Pada kedudukan manakah objek patut diletakkan supaya kanta P bertindak sebagai kanta pembesar?

(ii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image formed by lens P in Diagram 3.3. Lukiskan rajah sinar untuk menunjukkan pembentukan imej yang terbentuk oleh kanta P dalam Rajah 3.3.

[4 marks][4 markah]

(d) Diagram 3.4 shows a compound microscope. Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan sebuah mikroskop majmuk.


Using an appropriate physics concept, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways to enable the microscope to increase its efficiency and to form a brighter and clear image. Your modifications can be emphasized on the following aspects;



Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan pengubah suaian atau cara yang boleh dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kecekapan dan menghasilkan imej yang terang dan jelas. Pengubahsuaian anda boleh berdasarkan kepada aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) The selection of lens as objective lens and as an eyepiece [2 marks] Pemilihan kanta sebagai kanta objek dan kanta mata [2 markah]

(ii) The position of the object [2 marks] kedudukan objek [2 markah]

(iii) The position of the eye piece [2 marks] Kedudukan kanta mata [2 markah]

(iv) The distance between the objective lens and eyepiece [2 marks] Jarak antara kanta objek dan kanta mata [2 markah]

(v) Condition of the place to store the microscope [2 marks] Keadaan tempat penyimpaann mikroskop [2 markah]


4 Diagram 4.1 shows two convex lenses, P and Q, used in an astronomical telescope. The focal length of P is 40 cm and for Q is 10 cmRajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua kanta penumpu , P dan Q, yang digunakan dalam sebuah teleskop astronomi. Panjang fokus bagi kanta penumpu P adalah 40 cm dan panjang fokus bagi kanta Q adalah 10 cm.


(a) What is the meaning of focal length of lens? [ 1mark ]



Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang fokus kanta? [1 markah]

(b) By using suitable apparatus, explain how the focal length of both lenses can be estimated. [ 4 marks ]

Dengan menggunakan peralatan yang sesuai terangkan bagaimana panjang fokus kedua-dua kanta dapat di anggarkan. [4 markah]

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows an arrangement of lenses to construct a simple astronomical telescope using lens P and lens Q. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu susunan kanta untuk membina sebuah teleskop astronomi ringkas menggunakan kanta P dan kanta Q.


You are asked to investigate the arrangement and characteristics of the lenses used to construct the simple astronomical telescope as shown in Table 1 Anda ditugaskan untuk menyiasat susunan kanta dan sifat-sifat kanta yang akan digunakan untuk membina sebuah teleskop astronomi ringkas seperti

dalam Jadual 1


Arrangementof lensesSusunan

kanta

Focal length of objective lens,

fo /cmPanjang fokus kanta objek,

f0/cm

Magnification of image

Pembesaran imej

Distance between

objective lens and eyepiece,D /

cmJarak antara kanta objek

dengan kanta mata, D / cm

Diameter of objective lens,

d /cmDiameter kanta objek , d / cm

J 40.0 4.00 50.0LargeBesar

K 40.0 0.25 60.0SmallKecil

L 10.0 4.00 50.0LargeBesar

M 10.0 0.25 60.0SmallKecil


Table 1Jadual 1

Explain the suitability of the arrangement and each characteristic of the lenses and determine the arrangement which can produce the brightest and the sharpest image at normal adjustment.Terangkan kesesuaian susunan dan sifat-sifat kanta dan tentukan susunan yang dapat menghasilkan imej yang paling terang dan paling tajam pada pelarasan normal.

[10 marks][10 markah]

(d) A camera has a convex lens of focal length 5 cm is used to capture an object of 1 m in height and 4 m from the camera.Sebuah kamera yang mempunyai kanta cembung berjarak fokus 5 cm, digunakan untuk menangkap gambar suatu objek dengan ketinggian 1 m dan pada jarak 4 m kamera tersebut.

(i) Determine the image distance from the camera [2marks]Tentukan jarak imej yang terbentuk dari kamera [2 markah]

(ii) Calculate the height of image produced in the camera [2 marks]Hitung tinggi imej yang terhasil dalam dalam kamera [2 markah]

(iii) State the characteristics of image formed in the camera [1 marks]Nyatakan ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk dalam kamera [1 markah]




1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence, i and angle of refraction, r of a glass block. The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in Diagram 1.1. A normal line is traced and the ray box is placed at the angle of incidence, i.Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen mengkaji hubungan antara sudut tuju , i dengan sudut biasan, r bagi suatu blok kaca. Susunan radas ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.1. Satu garis normal disurih dan kotak sinar diletakkan pada sudut tuju, i.


A fine beam of light from ray box is directed to the glass block at P with angle of incidence, i 20o from the normal line. Traces of light which leaving the glass block at Q is marked with


P

Q

white paperkertas putih

ray boxkotak sinar

light raysinar cahaya

glass blockbongkah kaca

normal linegaris normal


X. A line from P to Q is drawn. A protractor is used to measure the angle of refraction, r as shown in Diagram 1.2 .Satu sinar cahaya halus ditujukan ke permukaan blok kaca di P pada sudut 20o daripada garis normal. Cahaya yang keluar pada Q ditanda dengan X. Satu garis dari P ke Q dilukis. Protraktor digunakan untuk mengukur sudut biasan, r seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.2.

Diagram1.2 Rajah 1.2

The reading of the protractor, r, is shown in Diagram 1.3 Bacaan protraktor, r ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.3


P

Q

i

r

Normal lineGaris normal



Angle of incidence, i = 20o

r = ………………


The procedure is repeated with angle of incidence ,i = 30o, 40o , 50o and 60 o. The corresponding readings of protractor, r, are shown in Diagram 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 .Prosedur diulangi dengan sudut tuju , i= 30o, 40o , 50o and 60 o. Bacaan protraktor , r yang sepadan adalah ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.4,1.5, 1.6 and 1.7.

Normal line Garis normal

Angle of incidence, i = 30o Angle of incidence, i = 40o

Sudut tuju, i = 30o Sudut tuju, i = 40o

r = ………………. r = ………………





Angle of incidence, i = 50o Angle of incidence, i = 60o

Sudut tuju,i = 50o Sudut tuju, i = 60o

r = ……………….. r = ………………….


a) For the experiment described , identify ; Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di halaman 2 dan 3 kenal pasti ;

(i) The manipulated variable Pemboleh ubah manipulasi





………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) The responding variablePemboleh ubah bergerak balas

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) The constant variable Pmbolehubah dimalarkan

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark][1 markah]

(b) Based on diagram 1.2, 1.3,1.4,1.5 and 1.6 , Berdasarkan rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 ,

(i) Record the angle of refraction, r , in the space provided Catat bacaan sudut biasan , r , dalam ruangan yang disediakan

[ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(ii) Tabulate your result for all values of r , sin i and sin r for all values of i , in the space below.Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi r, sin i , sin r untuk semua nilai i dalam ruangan di bawah.

[5 marks][5 markah]



(c) On the graph paper , plot a graph of sin r against sin i. Pada kertas graf, plot graf sin r melawan sin i.

5 marks ][5 markah]

d) Based on your graph in 1 (c) , state the relationship between i and r . Berdasarkan graf anda di 1 (c), nyatakan hubungan antara i dengan r.

………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark][1 markah]


2. Diagram 2.1 shows a line under a glass block. Diagram 2.2 shows an identical line under a Perspex block of the same size. An observer noticed that the image of the line formed in the glass block is nearer to the surface of the block.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu garisan di bawah satu blok kaca. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan garisan yang serupa di bawah blok perspek yang bersaiz sama. Seorang pemerhati mendapati imej garisan yang terbentuk dalam blok kaca adalah lebih dekat dengan permukaan blok itu.



Glass blockBlok kaca

LineGarisan

PaperKertas

LineGarisan

Image of the lineImej garisan

Perspex blockBlok perspek

ObserverPemerhati

ObserverPemerhati


Based on the information and observation:Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian tersebut :

(a) State one suitable inference [1 mark] Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai. [1 markah]

(b) State one hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark] Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat. [1 markah]

(c ) With the use of apparatus such as a tall beaker, water and other apparatus and material, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 2(b).

Dengan menggunakan radas seperti sebuah bikar yang tinggi, air dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 2(b).

. In your description, state clearly the following:

Dalam penerangan anda nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut

(i) The aim of an experiment. Tujuan eksperimen

.(ii) The variables in the experiment

Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen

(iii) The list of apparatus and materials. Senarai radas dan bahan

(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus Susunan radas

(v) The procedure of the experiment. Describe how to control the manipulated variable and how to measure the responding variable.

Prosedur yang digunakan dalam eksperimen.Terangkan bagaimana mengawal pembolehubah dimanipuasikan dan

bagaimana mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.

(vi) The way to tabulate the data Cara anda menjadualkan data

(vii) The way to analyse the data



Cara untuk menganalisis data. [10 marks]

[10 markah]

CHAPTER 5 : LIGHT

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 D 7 D 13 C

2 B 8 C 14 A

3 A 9 A

4 D 10 C

5 D 11 A

6 C 12 A


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a)

M1 Light from object parallel to the principal axis and converged to focal pointM2 Light from object pass through the center of lens and intercept with the first lineAND the image is shown on the diagram

1

1

2


SCHEME


(b) Real, diminished, inverted (all correct) 1 1

(c)(i)M1 = +

M2 15 cm

1

13

(c)(ii) // 0.5

1

(d)(i) Objective lens = convex lens YEyepiece = convex lens X 2

3(d)(ii) Power of convex lens X > power of convex lens Y // Focal length of X < focal length of Y

1

NO SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK

(e)

M1 Y is objective lens and X is eye piece

M2 The distance in between X and Y is fo + fe /50 cm

M3 Show the correct ray path

1

1

1

3

TOTAL 12


2(a)(i) Angle between incident ray and normal line 1

5

(a)(ii) Increase the angle of incidence, i, then angle of refraction, r will also increase.

Keep on increasing the angle of incidence until angle of refraction is 90°

The angle of incidence is called critical angle Increase the angle of of incidence more than the

critical angle, the ray will be reflected into the glass

4



block (b) (i) Density in Diagram 2.2 is less than / smaller than / < Density

in Diagram 2.31

5

(ii) Refractive index in Diagram 2.2 is less than / smaller than / < Refractive index in Diagram 2.3

1

(iii) Angle of refraction in Diagram 2.2 is more than / bigger than / > angle of refraction in Diagram 2.3

1

(iv) When the density decreases, the angle of refraction increases 1

(v) When the angle of refraction increases, the refractive index decreases

1

NO SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK

(c)

2

2222

10

TOTAL 20

3(a) Distance between optical centre and focal point 1 1

(b) M1 The thickness of lens in Diagram 3.1 is smallerM2 Focal length in Diagram 3.1 is biggerM3 Power of lens in Diagram 3.1 is smallerM4 When the thickness of lens decreases, the focal length increasesM5 When the thickness of lens decreases, the power of lens decreases

1111

1

5

(c)(i) At u < f 1

4

(c)(ii)

3


Suggestion ExplanationUse refractive index of outer layer is less than the refractive index of outer layer

So that total internal reflection can happen in the fiber optic.

Use high flexibility material so that it can be bendUse strong material do not break easilyUse thin material Lighter // can be use in

small areaLow density material Lighter


(d) M1 P as eye piece and Q as objective lensM2 Focal length of eyepiece > focal length of objective lensM3 fo < u < 2fo / Object is placed inbetween fo and 2fo

M4 to produce real, inverted and magnified image

M5 Adjusted so that u < fe

M6 to produce virtual, inverted and bigger image // to acts

magnifying glass

M7 Distance between lenses > fo + fe

11

11

11

1

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

M8 To produce bigger image from the eyepiece // to increase the magnificationM9 Store in a cool and dry placeM10 To avoid formation fungus at the lenses

1

11

10

TOTAL MARK 20M


4(a) Distance between focal point and the optical centre of a lens 1 1

(b) M1 The convex lens is aimed/focused to a distant object (infinity) M2 The screen is adjusted until a sharp image is formed on the screenM3 The distance between the screen and the lens is measuredM4 Focal length = distance between the screen and the lens

1

1

1

1

4



(c)

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,1

10

(d)(i) = +

M2 v = 5.063 cm

11

5(ii)

M1 =

M2 1.27 cm

11

(iii) Real , inverted and diminished 1

TOTAL MARKS 20


NO SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK

1(a)(i) Angle of incidence//i 1

3(ii) Angle of refraction/r 1

(iii) Refractive index of the glass block/density of the glass block 1

(b) (i) i/ 0 r/ 0

20 1330 19 40 2550 3060 36

All values of r correct - 2 marks

2 7


Aspect ExplanationLonger focal length To produce real, inverted and smaller

image High magnification Produce bigger image

Distance = fo + fe Produce image at normal adjustment // image at infinity

Bigger diameter More light can enter objective lens // image brighter

J is chosen Longer focal length, higher magnification, Distance between two lenses = fo + fe and bigger diameter


1 – 2 values of r incorrect – 1 mark3 or more values of r incorrect – 0 mark

(ii)Incidence angle, i / 0

Refractive angle,r / 0 sin i sin r

20 13 0.34 0.2230 19 0.50 0.3340 25 0.64 0.4250 30 0.77 0.5060 36 0.87 0.59

1) All quantities i, r, sin i and sin r correct --√2) Units for all quantities correct ---- √3) * All values of sin i correct ----- √√ * 1 value of sin i incorrect ------√ * > 1 value of sin i incorrect ------ 04) * All values of sin r correct ----- √√ * 1 value of sin r incorrect ------√ * > 1 value of sin r incorrect ------ 05) Consistency of decimal point for sin i --- √6) Consistency of decimal point for sin r --- √

Score Mark7 – 8 55 – 6 43 – 4 3

2 21 10 0

5

NO SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK

1(c) On the graph paper.

1) Correct title at axis-----√2) Correct Units ------- √3) Even scale -------√4) * All points correctly plotted -------- √√

1 point incorrectly plotted ------- √ > 1 point incorrectly plotted ------ 0

5) Best fit straight line -------- √6) > 50% graph paper --------√

Score Mark6 – 7 55 – 4 4

3 3

5

5



2 21 1

(d) sin r is directly proportional to sin i 1 1

TOTAL MARK 16M


2(a) Inference :Apparent depth depends on the density/type of block/material

1 1

(b) Hypothesis : When the density (of material) increase , the apparent depth decrease/depth of image

1 1

(c) M1 Aim : To investigate the relationship between density and apparent depth/depth of the imageM2 Variables : manipulated V : density// mass of salt responding V : apparent depth/depth of imageM3 fixed V : real depth , volume of waterM4 Apparatus and materials : Tall Beaker/cylinder, pin, retort stand , water , salt , meter rule, triple beam balance

1

11

1

SCHEME SUB MARK

TOTAL MARK



(c) M5 Set up apparatus

M6 State way to fix FV The beaker is filled with volume of water, V = 1000 cm3 State way to measure MV Mass of salt, m = 20.0 g is measured and put into the

beaker. Density of liquid, ρ =

M7 State way to measure RV A pin O is placed into the liquid. The position of the pin I (at the retort stand) is adjusted by observing above the beaker until it appears in line with the i image of pin O The apparent depth of the straight line,d is measured M8 The experiment is repeated with mass of salt , m = 30.0 g , 40.0 g, 50.0 g, and 60.0 g .

M9 Tabulating data

Mass of salt,m/g Apparent depth,d /cm

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

M10 Graph Plotting

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

TOTAL MARK 12 M

CHAPTER 6: WAVESPAPER 1



1. Diagram 1 shows an oscillating pendulum experiences a damping effect.Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah bandul berayun mengalami kesan pelembapan.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

Which of the following amplitude against time is correct?Yang manakah antara graf amplitud melawan masa berikut adalah betul?


A

B

C

timemasa

A

O

B

Amplitudeamplitud

timemasa

A

O

B

Amplitudeamplitud

timemasa

A

O

B

Amplitude amplitud

timemasa

A

O

B

AmplitudAmplitude

D

B A

O


2. Diagram 2 shows waves in a slinky spring when the spring is vibrated at 5 Hz.Rajah 2 menunjukkan gelombang spring slinki apabila ia digetarkan pada frekuensi 5 Hz.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

What is the speed of the wave ?Apakah halaju gelombang itu ?

A 30 cms-1 B 40 cms-1

C 60 cms-1 D 120 cms-1

3. Diagram 3 shows a boy producing a transverse wave along a long string by vibrating one end of the string.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan seorang budak sedang menghasilkan satu gelombang melintang di sepanjang satu tali dengan ayunan pada hujung tali itu.

If the boy’s hand moves up-and-down four complete cycles per second, what is the speed of the transverse wave along the string?


24 cm

StringTali

Direction of vibrationArah ayunan

1.5 m

WallDinding

Diagram 3Rajah 3


Jika tangan budak itu bergerak naik-turun pada empat ayunan lengkap per saat, apakah laju gelombang melintang sepanjang tali itu?

A 3 ms-1 B 6 ms-1

C 12 ms-1 D 14 ms-1

4. Diagram 4 shows a slinky spring being moved left and right continuously.Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah spring slinki digerakkan secara berterusan ke kiri dan ke kanan.

Wavelength is the distance between the points Panjang gelombang ialah jarak antara titik-titik

A JM B KMC KN D JK

5. What happens to the frequency and loudness of sound waves when it is reflected?Apakah yang berlaku kepada frekuensi dan kekuatan bagi suatu gelombang bunyi apabila dipantulkan?

FrequencyFrekuensi

LoudnessKekuatan

A UnchangedTidak berubah

DecreasesBerkurang

B IncreasesBertambah

DecreasesBerkurang

C UnchangedTidak berubah

IncreasesBertambah

D IncreasesBertambah

UnchangedTidak berubah


slinky springspring slinki

Direction of hand movement Arah gerakan tangan

Diagram 4Rajah 4

handtangan

Direction of wave propagationArah perambatan gelombang


6. Diagram 5 shows a fisherman boat used sonar to determine a shoal of fish under sea Rajah 5 menunjukkan bot nelayan menggunakan sonar untuk mengesan kumpulan ikan di dalam laut.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

The wave phenomena relates to the situation ofFenomena gelombang yang berkaitan ialah

A interference B reflection interferens pantulan

C diffraction D refraction pembelauan pembiasan

7. Diagram 6 shows water waves propagate in an area of different depths.Rajah 6 menunjukkan gelombang air merambat dalam kawasan yang berbezakedalaman.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Which of the following diagrams show the propagation of the waves correctly?Antara berikut manakah menunjukkan perambatan gelombang yang betul?



A B

C D

8. Which of the following methods is to reduce the echo inside a closed hall?Antara kaedah-kaedah berikut , yang manakah adalah untuk mengurangkan gema di dalam sebuah dewan yang tertutup?

A Wall is designed using a hard and smooth material Dinding direkabentuk menggunakan bahan yang keras dan licin

B The inner wall is covered with sponge Dinding di bahagian dalam dilitupi dengan span

C. The floor is designed using a smooth material Lantai direkabentuk menggunakan bahan yang licin

D All curtains at the doors and windows are removedKesemua langsir-langsir di pintu-pintu dan di tingkap-tingkap ditanggalkan

9. Which of the following statements is best explaining why sound is easily diffracted compared to light?Manakah kenyataan berikut adalah paling baik menerangkan mengapa bunyi lebih mudah di belau berbanding cahaya?

A Sound needs medium for its propagation. Bunyi memerlukan medium untuk perambatannya.

B Sound is a longitudinal wave. Bunyi ialah gelombang membujur.

C The speed of sound is slower than light. Laju bunyi lebih lambat berbanding cahaya.



D The wavelength of sound is longer than light. Panjang gelombang bunyi lebih panjang berbanding cahaya.

10. Diagram 7 shows water waves moving towards a harbour.Rajah 7 menunjukkan gelombang air sedang menuju ke sebuah pelabuhan.

Which of the following statements is correct about the waves at Q?Antara pernyataan-pernyataan berikut, yang manakah betul mengenai ombak di Q?

A The frequency decrease Frekuensi berkurang

B The velocity increase Halaju bertambah

C The wave length increase Panjang gelombang bertambah

D The energy decrease Tenaga berkurang

11. Diagram 8 shows the bright and dark bands of the waves pattern formed on the screen in two different experiments to study the waves phenomenon .


Entrancelaluan masuk

Harbourpelabuhan

Diagram 7Rajah 7

Q

Water wavesGelombang air

Retaining walltembok penahan


Rajah 8 menunjukkan jalur cerah dan gelap bagi corak gelombang yang terbentuk pada tabir dalam dua eksperimen yang berlainan untuk mengkaji fenomena gelombang.

The wave’s phenomenon P and Q are Fenomena gelombang P dan Q adalah

P Q

A Interference Refraction Interferens Pembiasan

B Diffraction Interference Pembelauan Interferens

C Diffraction Reflection pembelauan Pantulan

D Refraction Interference Pembiasan Interferens

12. In a Young’s double slit experiment using red light, the interference pattern produced on a screen is as shown in Diagram 9


bright bandjalur cerah

bright bandjalur cerah

dark bandjalur gelap

dark bandjalur gelap

phenomenon Pfenomena P

phenomenon Qfenomena Q

Diagram 8Rajah 8


Dalam satu eksperimen dwicelah Young menggunakan cahaya merah, corak interferens yang terhasil di atas skrin adalah seperti dalam Rajah 9

Diagram 9Rajah 9

When red light is replaced by blue light, which of the fringes pattern is formed on the screen?Apabila cahaya merah digantikan dengan cahaya biru, corak pinggir yang manakah akan terbentuk di atas skrin?

A

B

C

D

13. Diagram 10 shows a fringe pattern formed on a screen in theYoung’s double-slit experiment



Rajah 10 menunjukkan corak pinggir yang dihasilkan di atas skrin dalam eksperimen dwicelah Young.

Diagram 10Rajah 10

The distance between double slit and screen is 1 m and the wavelength of light is 5 x 10-7 m. What is the distance between two slits?Jarak diantara dwicelah dan skrin ialah 1 m dan panjang gelombang cahaya yang digunakan ialah 5 x 10-7m. Apakah jarak di antara dua celah?

A 5.0 x 10 -3 m B 1.0 x 10 -4 mC 1.3 x 10 -3 m D 1.0 x 10 -3 m

14. Diagram 11 shows an interference of sounds wave emitted from two loud speakers which are coherence.Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu interferens gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh dua pembesar suara yang koheren.

Diagram 11Rajah 11

Destructive inteference occurs atInterferens memusnah berlaku di,


0.05 cm

dark

bright


A P B Q C R D S

15. Diagram 12 shows the traces of sound waves X and Y being displayed using same cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) settings.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan surihan gelombang bunyi X dan Y yang dipaparkan pada skrin osiloskop sinar katod dalam pelarasan yang sama.

Which of the following statement is true?Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah adalah benar?

A Sound Y is louder than sound X. Bunyi Y lebih nyaring daripada bunyi X.

B Sound Y has a higher pitch than sound X. Bunyi Y lebih lansing daripada bunyi X.

C Sound Y has a lower pitch than sound X. Bunyi Y kurang lansing daripada bunyi X.

16. Which of the following statements is correct about the loudness and the pitch of the sound when the amplitude and frequency of the sound waves are increased?


Sound XBunyi X

Sound YBunyi Y

Diagram 12Rajah 12


Yang manakah antara pernyataan-pernyataan berikut adalah betul mengenai kenyaringan dan kelansingan bunyi apabila amplitud dan frekuensi gelombang bunyi ditambah ?

LOUDNESS PITCHKENYARINGAN KELANSINGAN

A decrease increaseberkurang bertambah

B increase decreasebertambah berkurang

C increase increasebertambah bertambah

D no change decreasetidak berubah berkurang

17. Diagram 13 shows incomplete electromagnetic waves spectrum.Rajah 13 menunjukkan spektrum gelombang electromagnet yang tidak lengkap.

Diagram 13Rajah 13

Which of the following is true? Antara berikut yang manakah betul?

S T U

A Visible light X-ray Radiowave Cahaya nampak Sinar-X Gelombang radio

B Visible light Radiowave X-ray Cahaya nampak Gelombang radio Sinar-X C X-ray Visible light Radiowave Sinar-X Cahaya nampak Gelombang radio D Radiowave X-ray Visible light

Gelombang radio Sinar-X Cahaya nampak


S TInfra-red

Gama -ray Ultra-violet

Microwave U


18. What type of electromagnetic waves is used on a remote control? Apakah jenis gelombang elektromagnet yang digunakan dalam kawalan remote?

A Gamma ray B Ultraviolet rays Sinar gamma Sinar ultra ungu

C Microwaves D Infrared rays Gelombang mikro Sinar infra merah

19. Diagram 14 shows the spectrum of the electromagnetic waves.Rajah 14 menunjukkan spektrum gelombang elektromagnet

The parts labeled R, S and T areBahagian berlabel R, S dan T adalah

A X-ray, Infra red, Radio wave X-ray, Infra merah, Gelombang radio

B Infra red, X-ray. Radio wave Infra merah, Sinar-X, Gelombang radio

C Radio wave, Infra red, X-ray Gelombang radio, Infra merah, Sinar-X

D X-ray , Radio wave, Infra red Sinar-X, Gelombang radio, Infra merah



Gamma ray

Sinar gama

RUltra violet

Lampauungu

Visible lightCahayanampak

SMicro waveGelombang

mikroT

Diagram 14Rajah 14


1. Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 shows an experiment to determine the wavelength of monochromatic light waves.

Diagram 6.1 used a blue light source and Diagram 6.2 used a red light source. Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen dwicelah Young untuk menentukan

panjang gelombang cahaya monokromatik. Rajah 6.1 menggunakan sumber cahaya berwarna biru manakala Rajah 6.2

menggunakan sumber cahaya berwarna merah.

The separation between two slits, a, and the distance between the double slits and the screen, D, in both diagrams are constant. Dark and bright fringes are produced after the light passes through the slit.


Blue fringePinggir biru

Red fringePinggir merah

screenskrin


Pemisahan dua celah, a, dan jarak antara dwicelah dengan skrin dalam kedua-dua rajah, D, dalam kedua-dua rajah adalah malar. Pinggir-pinggir gelap dan cerah dihasilkan setelah cahaya merambat melalui celahan.

(a). What is the meaning of monochromatic light?Apakah maksud cahaya monokromatik?

……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) Compare the wavelength of red light and blue light.Tick ( ) the correct answer in the box provided.Bandingkan jarak gelombang cahaya merah dan cahaya biru.Tanda ( ) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

Wavelength of red light > wavelength of blue lightJarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

Wavelength of red light < wavelength of blue lightJarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

Wavelength of red light = wavelength of blue lightJarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) Based on the pattern of fringes formed on the screen in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, state two observations about the distance between consecutive fringes for red and blue light.



Berdasarkan corak pinggir-pinggir yang terbentuk pada skrin dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang jarak antara pinggir-pinggir berturutan bagi cahaya merah dan cahaya biru.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(d) State the relationship between the wavelength and the distance between consecutive bright fringes in this experiment.Nyatakan hubungan antara jarak gelombang dengan jarak di antara pinggir-pinggir terang dalam eksperimen ini.

.........................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(e) (i) What happens to the distance between two consecutive bright fringes if the separation between two slits is increased? .Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada jarak antara pinggir-pinggir terang jika pemisahan antara dua celah ditambah?

............................................................................................................

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(f) State a wave phenomenon which occurs in this experiment.Nyatakan satu fenomena gelombang yang berlaku dalam eksperimen ini.



…………………………………………………………………………........ [1 mark]

[1 markah]

2. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show the bright and dark fringes of the waves formed on the screen when a light rays pass through a double slit plate.Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan pinggir cerah dan gelap bagi gelombang yang terbentuk pada tabir apabila satu sinar cahaya melalui plat dwicelah.



(a) What is the meaning of coherent source?Apakah maksud sumber koheren?



……………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

[1 markah] (b) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2,

Perhatikan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2,

(i) Compare the distance between two slitsBandingkan jarak antara dua celah

……………………………………………………………………....[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Compare the distance between consecutive bright fringesBandingkan jarak antara pinggi-pinggir cerah berturutan

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Compare the distance between the double slit plate and the screen.Bandingkan jarak antara plat dwicelah dengan tabir

……………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) (i) Relate the distance between the two slits with the distance between consecutive bright fringesHubungkaitkan jarak antara dua celah dengan jarak antara pinggir-pinggir cerah berturutan

……………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Name the wave phenomenon which forms the pattern of the fringes in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2



Namakan fenomena gelombang yang menghasilkan corak pinggir dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2

……………………………………………………………………… .[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) Explain how the formation of bright fringes and dark fringes occur.Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan pinggir-pinggir cerah dan gelap terhasil.

………………………………………………………………………................

………………………………………………………………………..................[2 marks]

[2 markah]

3. Diagram 8 shows an electric bell produces sound waves.Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu loceng elektrik menghasilkan gelombang bunyi.

Diagram 8 Rajah 8

(a) (i ) Name the type of wave produced by the electric bell. Namakan jenis gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh loceng elektrik.



...........................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) When the air in the electric bell is sucked out by using vacuum pump, what happen to the sound produced?

Apabila udara dalam loceng elektrik disedut keluar dengan menggunakan pam vakum, apakah yang berlaku kepada bunyi yang dihasilkan?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](iii) Give one reason for the answer in 3 (a) (ii).

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3(a) (ii).

............................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a sound wave form produced by a tuning fork displayed on the screen of cathode ray oscilloscope.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan suatu bentuk gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh suatu tala bunyi ditunjukkan pada skrin tiub sinar katod.


On Diagram 8.3, draw the sound wave form produced when the loudness is increased.



Pada Rajah 8.3, lukiskan bentuk gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan bila kekuatan bunyi ditambah.

[1 mark][1 markah]


(c) Diagram 8.4 shows an electromagnetic wave spectrum.Rajah 8.4 menunjukkan satu spektrum gelombang elektromagnet.

Radio waveGelombangRadio

Microwave

Gelombangmikro

PVisible lightahayanampak

QX-ray

Sinar-x

Gamma raySinar Gama

Diagram 8.4

Rajah 8.4

( i) Name the wave for;Namakan gelombang bagi;

P : ……………………………………………………………………

Q : ……………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

[2 markah]( ii) Choose one wave that harmful to human body.

Pilih satu gelombang yang merbahaya kepada badan manusia.



. ............................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Give one reason for the answer in 3 (c) (ii).Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3 (c )(ii).

...............................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iv) Choose one wave that used in telecommunications.Pilih satu gelombang yang sesuai digunakan dalam telekomunikasi.

……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(v) Give one reason for the answer in 3 (c) (iv). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3 (c) (iv).

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

( vi) Choose the suitable wave that can be used in cancer treatment. Pilih gelombang yang sesuai digunakan untuk rawatan penyakit

kanser.

...............................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah] (vii) Give one reason for the answer in 3 (c) (vi).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3 (c) (vi).

………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

CHAPTER 6 : WAVES


SCHEME


PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 B 7 A 13 A 19 A

2 B 8 B 14 C

3 C 9 D 15 B

4 B 10 D 16 C

5 A 11 B 17 C

6 B 12 C 18 D


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a) The light which has one wavelength / one colourCahaya yang mempunyai satu panjang gelombang / satu warna

1 1

(b) Wavelength of red light > Wavelength of blue lightPanjang gelombang cahaya merah > cahaya biru

1 1

(c) The distance between consecutive bright fringes for red light is more than that of blue light./The distance between consecutive bright fringes for the same light are constant.Jarak diantara pinggir cerah berturutan bagi cahaya merah lebih besar daripada cahaya biru /Jarak diantara pinggir cerah berturutan bagi cahaya yang sama adalah malar

1

1 2

(d) The longer the wavelength, the longer the distance between consecutive bright fringesSemakin bertambah panjang gelombang, semakin bertambah jarak diantara pinggir cerah berturutan

1 1

(e)(i) The distance between two consecutive bright fringes will decreaseJarak diantara dua pinggir cerah berturutan akan berkurang

1 1

(ii) a is inversely proportional to xa berkadar secara songsang x

1 1

(f) Diffraction // InterferencePembelauan // Interferens

1 1

TOTAL MARK 8M

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK



2(a) Coherence sources have same frequency, same amplitude and in same phase. /same phase differentSumber koheren mempunyai frekuensi yang sama, amplitud yang sama dan sama fasa / beza fasa yang sama

1 1

(b)(i) a in Diagram 6.2 > a in Diagram 6.1 a dalam Rajah 6.2 > a dalam Rajah 6.1

1 1

(ii) x in Diagram 6.2 < x in Diagram 6.1x dalam Rajah 6.2 < x dalam Rajah 6.1

1 1

(iii) Samesama

1 1

(c) (i) Inversely proportionalBerkadar secara songsang

1 1

(ii) Diffraction / interferencePembelauan / Interferens

1 1

(d) (i) M1 When crest meets crest/ trough meets trough constructive interference occur, so bright fringes is produce Apabila pucak bertemu puncak / lembangan bertemu lembangan, interferens membina terhasil, jadi pinggir cerah dihasilkanM2 When crest meets trough destructive interference occur, so dark fringes is produce Apabila pucak bertemu lembangan, interferens memusnah terhasil, jadi pinggir gelap dihasilkan

1

1

2

TOTAL MARK 8M

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

3(a)(i) Longitudinal wave / mechanical waveGelombang membujur / gelombang mekanikal

1 1

(ii) No sound / sound cannot be heardTiada bunyi / bunyi tiada boleh didengari

1 1

(iii) Sound wave cannot propagate // sound energy cannot be transferredGelombang bunyi tidak boleh dirambat // tenaga bunyai tidak boleh di pindahkan

1 1



(b)

1. Amplitude of the wave drawn is bigger1. Amplitud gelombang dilukis dengan lebih besar

Note: accept as long as the amplitude drawn is slightly bigger.

1 1

(c) (i) P – InfraredP – Inframerah

Q – UltravioletQ - Utraungu

1

1 2

(ii) Gamma ray / ultraviolet / x-RaySinaran gama /Utraungu / Sinar - x

1 1

(iii) Can kills the life cell / skin burn or skin cancer / Boleh membunuh sel hidup / kulit terbakar / kanser kulitNote: the reason given must be related to the answer in (c) (ii)

1 1

(iv) Radio wave / microwaveGelombang radio / gelombang mikro

1 1

(v) High frequency / high energy / high penetrating power Frekuensi ynag tinggi / tenaga yang tinggi / Kuasa penembusan yang tinggi

1 1

(vi) Gamma RaySinaran gama

1 1

(vii)

high energy / high penetrating powerTenaga yang tinggi / Kuasa penembusan yang tinggi

1 1

TOTAL 12M



CHAPTER 7: ELECTRICPAPER 1

1. Diagram 1 shows the electric field pattern formed by two charged spheres P and Q. Rajah 1 menunjukkan corak medan elektrik dibentuk oleh dua sfera bercas P dan Q.

Which of the following explain the charge of P and Q? Manakah yang berikut menerangkan cas pada P dan Q?

P QA Negative

NegatifNegativeNegatif

B NegativeNegatif

PositivePositif

C PositivePositif

NegativeNegatif

D PositivePositif

PositivePositif

2. Diagram 2 shows the electric field lines of a pair of charged particles, Q1 and Q2.


P Q

Diagram 1Rajah 1


Rajah 2 menunjukkan garis-garis medan elektrik bagi sepasang zarah bercas, Q1 dan Q2.

What are the type of charges of Q1 and Q2?Apakah jenis cas bagi Q1 dan Q2?

Q1 Q2

A Positive Negative Positif Negatif

B Positive Positive Positif Positif

C Negative Positive Negatif Positif

D Negative Negative Negatif Negatif

3. Diagram 3 shows a charged conducting sphere is oscillates between two plates which are connected to an Extra High Tension (EHT) power supply.


Q1 Q2

Diagram 2Rajah 2


Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu sfera konduktor bercas berayun di antara dua plat yang telah disambung ke satu bekalan voltan lampau tinggi (VLT).

Diagram 3Rajah 3

The frequency of the oscillation of the sphere will increase ifFrekuensi ayunan bebola akan bertambah jika

A the distance between the plates is increased. jarak antara dua plat ditambah.

B the size of the sphere is increased. saiz sfera ditambah.

C the length of the thread is increased. panjang benang ditambah.

D the voltage of the EHT is increased.voltan VLT ditambah.

4. Diagram 4 shows a Voltage-Current graph. Rajah 4 menunjukkan graf Voltan- Arus.



Diagram 4Rajah 4

Which of the following circuit diagrams will give the result as the graph above?Manakah litar elektrik berikut akan memberi keputusan seperti pada graf di atas?

A B

C D

5. Which circuit can be used to determine the relationship between voltage and electric current of a constantan wire?


V

I


Litar manakah boleh digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara voltan dengan arus elektrik bagi satu dawai konstantan?

6. Which of the following factors influences resistance of a wire?Antara faktor berikut yang manakah mempengaruhi rintangan bagi suatu dawai?

A. Hardness of the wireKekerasan dawai

B. Density of the wireKetumpatan dawai

C. Length of the wirePanjang dawai

D. Mass of the wireJisim dawai

7. Diagram 5 shows a potential difference against current graph for four different conductors J, K, L and M.Rajah 5 menunjukkan graf beza keupayaan melawan arus untuk empat konduktor yang berlainan.



Diagram 5Rajah 5

Which conductor has the least resistance?Konduktor yang manakah mempunyai rintangan yang paling rendah?

A J B K

C L D M

8.. Diagram 6 shows four bulbs in a circuit.Rajah 6 menunjukkan empat mentol di dalam satu litar.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Which of the following is observed when the switch is on?Manakah yang berikut dapat diperhatikan apabila suis dihidupkan?

A Both bulbs P and S show the same brightness.


6V

Q

S

P

R


Kedua-dua mentol P dan mentol S sama cerah.

B Both bulbs Q and R show the same brightness. Kedua-dua mentol Q dan mentol R sama cerah.

C Bulb Q is brighter than bulb R.Mentol Q lebih cerah daripada mentol R.

D Bulb R is brighter than bulb P.Mentol R lebih cerah daripada mentol P.

9. Which of the following arrangements of three identical resistors will has the least effective resistance between point X and point Y?Yang manakah antara susunan-susunan bagi tiga perintang yang serupa berikut, mempunyai rintangan berkesan antara titik X dan titik Y yang paling kecil?

A

B

C

D

10. Diagram 7 shows a circuit with three identical resistors , R and two measuring instruments X and Y.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik yang mengandungi tiga perintang yang serupa, R dan dua alat pengukur X dan Y.


X Y

X Y

YX

YX


Which of the following is correct? Antara berikut yang manakah adalah betul?

11 Diagram 8 shows identical resistors are connected in 3 different circuit, P,Q and R respectively.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan perintang yang serupa disambungkan dalam 3 litar yang berbeza, P,Q dan R masing-masing.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

Which of the following is correct for Ip, Iq and Ir ? Antara berikut, yang manakah betul untuk Ip, Iq dan Ir ?

A Ip < Iq < Ir B Ip < Ir < Iq

C Iq < Ip < Ir D Iq < Ir < Ip


X Y

A Ammeter Ammeter

B Voltmeter Voltmeter

C Ammeter Voltmeter

D Voltmeter Ammeter

Diagram 7Rajah 7


12. Diagram 9 shows an electric circuit. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik.

Diagram 9

Rajah 9

Calculate the total current flowing in the circuit.Hitungkan jumlah arus yang mengalir dalam litar itu.

A 0.3 A B 1.5 A

C 3.0 A D 6.0 A

13. Which of the following circuit arrangement is correct to determine the electromotive force of a battery? Antara susunan litar berikut yang manakah betul bagi menentukan daya gerak

elektrik sebuah bateri?



14. Diagram 10 shows a potential difference, V against current, I graph.Rajah 10 menunjukkan graf beza keupayaan,V, melawan arus, I,.

What is the internal resistance of the cell?Berapakah rintangan dalam bagi sel itu?

A 2.40 Ω B 1.50 Ω

C 1.25 Ω D 0.40 Ω

15. An electric bulb is labeled “240V, 60W”. How much energy is used by the bulb in one minute if the bulb is connected to a 240V power supply?Satu mentol berlabel “240V, 60W”. Berapakah tenaga yang digunakan oleh mentol tersebut dalam satu minit jika ia disambung kepada bekalan kuasa 240V?

A 60 J B 360 J

C 600 J D 3600 J

16 Diagram 11 shows an electric circuit consisting of three resistors and power supply 12 V.

Rajah 11 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik yang mengandungi tiga perintang dan bekalan kuasa 12V.


Diagram 10Rajah 10


Diagram 11 Rajah 11

What is the power loss due to the resistors in the circuit? Berapakah kuasa yang hilang disebabkan oleh perintang-perintang di dalam litar

di atas?

A. 1.5 W B. 3.0 W

C. 10.3 W D 12.0 W


1. Diagram 3.1 shows photograph of an electric circuit. The circuit contains four identical bulbs connected to four identical new dry cellsRajah 3.1 menunjukkan forograf bagi satu litar elektrik. Litar itu mengandungi empat mentol serupa disambung kepada empat sel kering baru yang serupa.


(a) What is the type of the circuit ? Apakah jenis litar elektrik tersebut?

......................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

[ 1 markah]



(b) Draw an electric circuit diagram for the above arrangement of apparatus using appropriate symbols.

Lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi susunan radas diatas denganmenggunakan simbol-simbol yang sesuai.

[2 marks][ 2 markah]

(c) Compare the brightness of the lamps J , K ,L and M.Tick (√) one box below.Bandingkan kecerahan mentol J , K , L dan M.Tandakan satu (√) pada kotak yang berkenaan.

The brightness of lamp J >lamp K > lamp L > lamp MKecerahan mentol J>mentol K > mentol L > mentol M

The brightness of lamp L >lamp K > lamp J > lamp MKecerahan mentol L >mentol K > mentol J > mentol M

The brightness of lamp J = lamp K = lamp L = lamp MKecerahan mentol J =mentol K = mentol L = lamp M

[1 mark][ 1 markah]

(d) Give one reason for your answer in (c).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam (c).

........................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

[ 1 markah]

(e) Explain why the circuit above is used in the house lighting circuit. Terangkan mengapa litar di atas digunakan dalam system pendawaian di rumah.

.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]



[ 1 markah]

2. Diagram 4.1 shows a polystyrene ball that coated with metallic paint is hung in an electric field between two metal plates.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebiji bola polisterin yang disalut dengan cat logam digantung dalam suatu medan elektrik di antara dua plat logam.


(a) (i) What is the meaning of electric field? Apakah maksud medan elektrik?

………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) State the change on the strength of the magnetic field when the potential difference of the high voltage supply increases.

Nyatakan perubahan ke atas kekuatan medan magnet bila beza keupayaan bekalan voltan lampau tinggi bertambah.

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) The polystyrene ball then is touched to the negative plate.Bola polisterin itu kemudian dibawa menyentuh plat negatif.

(i) State the type of charge received by the polystyrene ball.Nyatakan jenis cas yang diterima oleh bola polisterin itu.



………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) What happen to the polystyrene ball when it is released from negative plate?Apakah berlaku kepada bola polisterin itu bila ia lepaskan dari plat negatif?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) (i) The polystyrene ball in Diagram 4.1 is replaced by a burning candle. On Diagram 4.2, draw the shape of the candle flame observed in the electric field.

Bola ping-pong dalam Rajah 4.1 itu digantikan dengan sebatang lilin yang menyala.

Pada Rajah 4.2, lukiskan bentuk nyalaan lilin yang diperhatikan dalam medan elektrik itu.


[1 mark] [1 markah ]

(ii) Explain why the shape of the candle flame observed as drawn in answer 2(c)(i).

Terangkan mengapa bentuk nyalaan lilin yang diperhatikan adalah seperti yang dilukis dalam jawapan 2(c)(i).



………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

[2 markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and potential difference across a constantan wire s.w.g. 24 with length of 10 cm.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah litar yang digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus dan beza keupayaan yang merentasi dawai konstantan s.w.g. 24 dengan panjang 10 cm.


(a) Name the measuring instruments labeled X and Y in Diagram 3.1.Namakan alat pengukur yang berlabel X dan Y dalam Rajah 3.1.

X :………………………………

Y :……………………………… [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) (i) What is the relationship between the reading of the measuring instruments X and Y?Apakah hubungan antara bacaan pada alat pengukur X dan Y ?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]



[1 markah]

(ii) State the physics’ law involved in 3b(i).Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 3b(i).

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) The experiment is repeated by using a constantan wire s.w.g 36 with the same length. Diagram 3.2 shows the graph V against I for the experiments.Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan dawai konstantan s.w.g 36 dengan panjang yang sama. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan graf V melawan I untuk eksperimen tersebut.


Based on graph in Diagram 3.2 ;Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 3.2 ;

(i) What is the physical quantity represented by the gradient of the graph?Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf ?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(ii) Which of the constantan wire has the higher resistance ?Dawai konstantan yang manakah mempunyai rintangan yang lebih

tinggi ?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Explain your answer in 3c(ii)Jelaskan jawapan anda di 4c(ii)

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]


4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show two circuits. Each circuit contains an ammeter, 4 cells and a filament lamp labeled 6V, 24 W. Diagram 10.3 and Diagram 10.4 show the thickness of coiled wire of the filament lamp M and N, respectively.Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan dua litar. Setiap litar itu mengandungi satu ammeter, empat sel dan satu lampu filamen berlabel 6V, 24 W. Rajah 10..3 dan Rajah 10..4 menunjukkan ketebalan gegelung dawai bagi lampu filamen M dan N, masing-masing




6V

Filament lamp MLampu filamen M

6V

Filament lamp NLampu filamen N


(a) What is the meaning of the labeled “6V, 12 W” on the filament lamp? [1 mark]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan label “6V, 12 W” pada lampu filamen? 1 markah]

(b) (i) Observe Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2. Compare the reading of the ammeter and the brightness of the filament lamp M and N. [2 marks]Perhatikan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2. Bandingkan bacaan pada ammeter dan kecerahan lampu filamen M dan N. [2 markah]

(ii) Observe Diagram 10.3 and 10.4. Compare the thickness of coiled wire of the filament lamps. 1 mark]Perhatikan Rajah 10.3 dan 10.4. Bandingkan ketebalan gegelung dawai bagi lampu-lampu filamen itu.

[1 markah]

(iii) Relate the brightness of the filament lamp with the thickness of coiled wire to make a deduction on the relationship between resistance and the current. [2 marks]Hubungkaitkan kecerahan lampu filamen dengan ketebalan gegelung dawai untuk membuat kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara rintangan dengan arus. [2 markah]

(c) Diagram 10.5 show two types of plug for the electric kettle that can be connected to the electric supply. Diagram 10.5(a) uses two pin plug, while Diagram 10.5(b) uses a three pin plug with an earth wire.Rajah 10.5 menunjukkan dua jenis plug untuk cerek elektrik yang boleh disambungkan pada bekalan kuasa.



Filament lamp MLampu filamen M

Filament lamp NLampu filamen N



Rajah 10.5(a) menggunakan palam dua pin, manakala Rajah 10.5(b) menggunakan palam tiga pin dengan dawai bumi.

(i) Explain why a three pin plug is more suitable compared with a two pin plug. [2 marks]Terangkan mengapa palam tiga pin adalah lebih sesuai berbanding dengan palam dua pin. [2 markah]

(d) Diagram 10.6 shows a water heater used to boil water.Rajah 10.6 menunjukkan satu pemanas rendam digunakan untuk mendidihkan air.

Using appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain how to build a water heater which can boils a larger quantity of water faster , more efficient, and more safety based on the following aspects;Dengan menggunakan konsep-konsep Fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan bagaimana untuk membina satu pemanas rendam yang boleh



Waterair

Electric kettleCerek elektrik

Diagram 10.5(a)

Rajah 10.5(a)

Electric kettleCerek elektrik

Diagram 10.5(b)Rajah 10.5(b)

2 pin plugPalam 2 pin

3 pin plugPalam 3 pin



mendidihkan kuantiti air yang lebih besar dengan lebih cepat, lebih cekap dan lebih selamat , berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut ;

(i) material used for the heating element of the water heaterbahan yang digunakan untuk elemen pemanas bagi pemanas renam

(ii) shape of the heating element of the water heaterbentuk elemen pemanas bagi pemanas rendam

(iii) melting point of the heating element of the water heatertakat lebur elemen pemanas bagi pemanas rendam

(iv) rate of rusting of the heating element of the water heaterkadar pengaratan elemen pemanas bagi pemanas rendam

[10 marks] 10 markah]


5 Diagram 12.1 shows an electrical circuit.Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik .


(a) (i) What is the function of rheostat in the circuit ? [1 mark] Apakah fungsi rheostat dalam litar itu? [1 markah]

(ii) State the energy transformation occurs at the bulb in the circuit . [1 mark]


Q

SliderGelongsor

Q

SwitchSuis

BulbMentol


Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku pada mentol dalam litar itu.[1 markah]

(iii) Draw the diagram of circuit in Diagram 12.1 using symbols. [1 mark]

Lukiskan litar dalam Rajah 12.1 menggunakan simbol [1 markah]

(b). Explain why the brightness of the bulb increases when the slider is adjusted close to Q.Terangkan mengapa kecerahan mentol bertambah apabila gelongsor dilaraskan mendekati Q.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) Diagram 12.2 shows an electric circuit consist of two bulbs R and S labeled 6V 3W and 6V 12W respectively connected to a 6V battery.Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik terdiri dari dua mentol, R dan S yang masing-masing berlabel 6V 3W dan 6V 12W disambungkan pada sebuah bateri 6V.


When the switch is turned on, calculate:Apabila suis dihidupkan , hitungkan:

(i) the total current in the circuit . Jumlah arus yang m,engalir didalam litar.

[ 3 marks][ 3 markah]

(ii) the energy used by a bulb , R in one minute.



tenaga yang digunakan oleh mentol R dalam satu minit.[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(d) National Grid Network is a system of electric transmission from power station to the consumer in our country. Diagram 12.3 shows a block diagram of the system.Rangkaian Grid Nasional ialah satu system penghantaran tenaga elektrik daripada stesen janakuasa ke kawasan pengguna di negara kita. Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan gambarajah blok sistem tersebut.


Using your knowledge about electrical and Diagram 4.3 , you are asked to determine the most suitable item used in the system J, K, L, M and N for a National Grid Network system in Diagram 12.4.Menggunakan pengetahuan anda mengenai elektrik dan Rajah 4.3 , anda dikehendaki mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang digunakan dalam system J, K, L, M dan N untuk Rangkaian Grid Nasional dalam Rajah 12.4.


Power StesenStesen Janakuasa

Transformer PTransformer P ppp

Transformer QTransformer Q

ConsumerPengguna

Electric CableKabel elektrik


Diagram 12.4Rajah 12..4

Study the specification of the five system and explain the suitability of each based on following aspects;Kaji spesifikasi kelima-lima sistem itu dan terangkan kesesuaiain setiap satunya berdasarkan aspek berikut:

(i) type of transformer P and Q jenis transformer P dan Q

(ii) characteristic of cable used ciri-ciri kabel yang digunakan


SystemSistem

Type of Transformer

Jenis transformer

Diameter of conductor cable

Diameter konduktor kabel

Transmission voltageVoltan

Penghantaran

Cable Position

Kedudukan kabel

J

P is step upQ is step down

P injak naikQ injak turun

Big diameter conductorDiameter

konduktor besar

Curent with Low voltageArus dengan voltan rendah

On the Pylon

Di atas pilon

K

Q is step upP is step downQ injak naikP injak turun

Small diameterConductorDiameter

konduktor kecil

Current with higher voltageArus dengan voltan tinggi

On concrete

pillerDi atas tiang

konkrit

L

P is step upQ is step down

P injak naikQ injak turun

Big diameter conductorDiameter

konduktor besar

Current with higher voltageArus dengan voltan tinggi

On the Pylon

Di atas pilon

M

Q is step upP is step downQ injak naikP injak turun


konduktor kecil

Curent with Low voltageArus dengan voltan rendah

On concrete

pylonDi atas tiang

konkrit

N

P is step upQ is step upP injak naikQ injak naik


konduktor kecil

Current with higher vltageArus dengan voltan tinggi

On concrete

pillerDi atas tiang

konkrit On piller


(iii) potential difference transmission of electric beza keupayaan elektrik yang dihantar

(iv) the position of cable kedudukan kabel

Explain the suitability of each aspects and determine the most suitable system. Give reasons for your choice.Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan tentukan siatem yang paling sesuai. Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda.

[ 10 marks][10 markah]



CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRIC

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 D 5 A 9 A 13 A

2 A 6 C 10 C 14 C

3 D 7 D 11 B 15 D

4 B 8 B 12 C 16 C


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a) parallel circuit 1 1

(b)

M1 All symbols correctM2 Circuit correct

11

2

(c) The brightness of lamp J = lamp K = lamp L = lamp M 1 1

(d) The voltage is the same 1 1

(e) One bulb blow , other bulbs can still lights up 1 1

TOTAL MARK 6M

2(a) (i) A region in which there is an electric force // a region around a charged object which gives electric force on another charged object.

1

2

(ii) Increases 1

(b)(i) Negative charged 1

2(ii) Attracted to positive plate // Repelled away from negative plate

1


SCHEME


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

(c) (i) Note : The flame flatten and spread out more toward negative plate

1

3

(ii) 1. The heat of burning candle produces positive and negative ions.

2. The positive ions which are heavier is pulled towards negative plate with a large proportion flame

1

1

TOTAL MARK 7M

3 (a) X : AmmeterY: Voltmeter

11

2

(b)(i) Directly proportional 12

(ii) Ohm’s Law 1

(c) (i) Resistance 1

3(ii) Constantan s.w.g 36 1

(iii) Higher gradient 1

TOTAL MARK 7M


4(a) 24 J of energy is consumed in 1 s if connected to a 6V power supply // if the voltage is 6 V the power produced is 24 W

11

(b)(i) M1 Reading of ammeter is the sameM2 The brightness of filament lamp in Diagram 10.1 is brighter than Diagram 10.2 // vice versa // Filament M is brighter

11

5(ii) The thickness of wire in Diagram 10.4 is bigger than in Diagram 10.3 // vice versa // Filament M is thinner

1

(iii) M1 The thinner the wire the brighter the lamp // vice versaM2 The thinner the wire the more the heat produced by the lamp.

11



NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

(c) 1 Two pin plug has no earth wire // three pin plug has earth wire

2 using 2 pin plug, if there is leakege of current it will also flow through the metal body // using 3 pin plug if there is leakege of current it will flow to the ground

3 The person who touches the metal body will experiences electric shock // using 3 pin plug, the current will be earthed

4 using 2 pin is not safe to the consumer // Using 3 pin plug is more safer to the consumer

1

1

1

1

4

(d)

10

TOTAL MARK 20M


5(a)(i) to control the current flow in circuit 1

3

(ii) electric energy light energy + heat energy 1

(iii) 1

(b) M1 When the slider near to Q the resistance of rheostat is smaller. M2 The current in circuit increase and bulb brighter

1

12

(c)(i) M1 IR = 3/6 = 0.5 A M2 IS = 12/6 = 2A M3 I = 0.5 + 2 = 2.5 A

111 5

(ii) M1 E = Pt = 3 (60) M2 180 J

11


Aspect ExplanationUse tungsten High melting pointCoiled longer wire, increase the resistancehigh melting point not easy to melt under high temperatureLow rate of rusting Does not get rust easilyuse termostat When temperature reach 100oC, the water

heater will automatically turned off


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

(d) M1 P is step up transformer and Q is step down transformer M2 because the current transmits in high voltage in a long distance and reduced by step down transformer for consumer M3 Use a large diameter of cable M4 because low resistance. M5 Electric is transmitting with high voltage M6 to reduce the power lost as heat due to high resistance of cable. M7 Cable is support by the pylon M8 cable is situated at high position for safety M9 LM10 Because ..... M1, M3, M5, M7

1

1

1111

1111

10

TOTAL MARK 20M



CHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISMPAPER 1

1. Diagram 1 shows a current flowing in a conductor which is placed in a magnetic field. In which direction, A, B, C or D does a force act on the conductor?Rajah 1 menunjukkan konduktor berarus yang diletakkan dalam satu medan magnet. Dalam arah manakah, A, B, C atau D daya yang terhasil beryindak pada konduktor itu?

Diagram 1Rajah 1

2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of an ideal transformer.Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu struktur transformer yang unggul.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

What is the potential difference across the bulb?Berapakah beza keupayaan yang merentasi mentol itu?

A 6 V B 60 V

C 96 V D 200 V



3. A student is trying to determine the direction of the magnetic field produced by a current in a straight wire. Which of the following method is correct?Seorang pelajar sedang mencuba untuk mencari medan megnet yang terhasil oleh arus dalam satu dawai lurus. Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah benar?

A B

C D

4. Diagram 3 shows an electromagnet made of a soft iron cylinder which can attract a maximum of 8 metal paper clips.Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah elektromagnet dibuat daripada selinder besi lembut yang boleh menarik 8 klip kertas logam

Diagram 3Rajah 3


Metal paper clipsKlip kertas logam

Dry cellsSel kering

Soft iron cylinderSelinder besi lembut

Copper coilGegelung kuprum


The maximum number of metal paper clips attracted to the electromagnet can be increased by

Bilangan maksimum klip kertas logam yang boleh ditarik oleh elektromagnet dapat ditingkatkan dengan

A using a steel cylinder as the core menggunakan selinder keluli sebagai teras

B increasing the number of turns of the coil menambahkan bilangan lilitan gegelung

C using a copper wire of smaller diameter menggunakan wayar kuprum yang berdiameter lebih kecil

D Increasing the resistance of wire meningkatkan rintangan wayar

5. Diagram 4 shows a coil which carries a current. Iron filings are sprinkled onto the cardboard to trace the pattern of the magnetic field.Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah gegelung yang membawa arus. Serbuk besi ditaburkan keatas kadbod untuk memetakan corak medan magnet.

Diagram 4Rajah 4

Which of the following is the correct pattern of the magnetic field?Antara yang berikut yang manakah merupakan corak medan magnet yang betul?


CurrentArus

Coil carries a currentGegelung berarus


A.

B.

C.

D.

6. Diagram 5 shows the galvanometer pointer deflects when a magnet is pushed into a coil of wire.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan jarum penunjuk sebuah galvanometer terpesong apabila sebatang magnet ditolak memasuki satu gelung dawai.

Diagram 5 Rajah 5



Which actions will cause the deflection of galvanometer increases? Langkah yang manakah akan menyebabkan pesongan galvanometer bertambah?

A increase the number of coils menambah bilangan lilitan

B push the magnet slower towards the coil menolak magnet perlahan kearah gegelung.

C use coil that is made from insulated wire menggunakan gegelung yang dibuat daripada wayar bertebat.

D reverse the magnetic pole of the magnet menyongsangkan kekutuban magnet.

7. Diagram 6 shows a uninsulated copper rod is placed in a magnetic field. In which direction the copper rod will deflect when the current is switched on?

Rajah 6 menunjukkan rod kuprum tidak bertebat di letakkan di dalam medan magnet. Pada arah manakah rod kuprum itu akan terpesong apabila arus dihidupkan?

Diagram 6

Rajah 6



8. Diagram 7 shows an electric circuit consisting of a solenoid, an iron core and a switch. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik yang terdiri daripada satu solenoid, satu teras besi lembut dan satu suis.

Diagram 7Rajah 7

What happens to the bar magnet when the switch is switched on? Apa berlaku kepada magnet batang bila suis dihidupkan?

A Does not move Tidak bergerak

B Move away from the solenoid Tertolak menjauhi solenoid

C Attract towards the solenoid Tertarik mendekati solenoid.

D Oscillate to the right and to the left Berayun ke kanan dan ke kiri.

9. Which of the following option is correct about the electricity transmission from the power station to consumers?Antara pilihan berikut yang manakah betul tentang sistem penghantaran tenaga elektrik dari stesen kuasa kepada pengguna?



Type of currentJenis arus

Magnitude of voltage supplyMagnitud voltan yang dihantar

A Direct currentArus terus

High voltageVoltan tinggi

B Alternating currentArus ulangalik

High voltageVoltan tinggi

C Direct currentArus terus

Low voltageVoltan rendah

D Alternating currentArus ulangalik

Low voltageVoltan rendah

10. Diagram 8 shows a transformer that is used to light up a bulb. Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah transformer yang digunakan untuk menghidupkan sebiji mentol.

Diagram 8

Rajah 8

Which of the following statements is true about the transformer?Antara pernyataan-pernyataan yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang transformer itu?

Type of transformerJenis transformer

Voltage across the bulbVoltan merentasi mentol

A Step-upInjak naik

480 V

B Step-upInjak naik

960 V

C Step-downInjak turun

50 V

D Step-downInjak turun

60 V



11. Diagram 9 shows a straight wire passes through a horizontal cardboard.Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu wayar lurus melalui suatu kadbod yang mengufuk.

When the switch is closed, which of the following patterns of the magnetic field is correct?Bila suis ditutup, yang manakah antara corak-corak medan magnet berikut adalah betul?

A B

C D

12. Diagram 10 shows the arrangement of the apparatus of an experiment to study the effect of an electromagnet.

Rajah 10 mennjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan keelektromagnetan.


CardboardKadbod

Straight wireWayar lurus

SwitchSuis

Diagram 9Rajah 9

Iron rodRod besi

Wire coilGegelung

dawai

Paper clipsKlip kertas

Diagram 10Rajah 10


Which of the following methods will increase the number of paper clips attached to the iron rod?Yang manakah antara kaedah-kaedah berikut akan menambahkan bilangan klip kertas yang melekat pada rod besi itu?

A Reduce the number of coils Kurangkan bilangan lilitan gegelung

B Use a thinner wire to form the coil Gunakan dawai yang lebih halus untuk membentuk gegelung

C Increase the magnitude of current flow through the coils Tambahkan magnitud arus yang mengalir melalui gegelung

D Replace the iron rod with aluminum rod Gantikan rod besi dengan rod aluminium

13. Which of the following instruments uses the concept of electromagnet? Antara alat-alat berikut , yang manakah menggunakan konsep keelektromagnetan?

A Dynamo B Circuit breaker Dinamo Pemutus litar

C Electric Motor D Transformer Motor elektrik Transformer

14. Diagram 11 shows a current carrying conductor is placed in between two permanent magnets. In which direction, A, B, C or D will the conductor move when the current flows out of the paper?

Rajah 11 menunjukkan suatu konduktor yang mengalirkan arus elektrik diletakkan diantara dua magnet kekal . Dalam arah manakah A, B, C, atau D konduktor itu akan bergerak apabila arus mengalir keluar daripada kertas?


Permanent magnet Magnet kekal

Permanent magnet Magnet kekal

Diagram 11Rajah 11


15. The purpose of using soft iron core in a transformer is to Tujuan menggunakan teras besi lembut dalam transformer adalah untuk

A reduce the eddy current mengurangkan arus pusar

B easily magnetised and demagnetised the iron core mudah memagnetkan dan menyahmagnetkan teras besi

C prevent flux leakage mengelakkan kebocoran fluks

D reduce the resistance mengurangkan rintangan


1. Diagram 4 shows a bar magnet is hung on a spring that attached to a retort stand. The bar magnet is displaced downwards and released so it can oscillate through a solenoid which is connected to a centre-zero galvanometer.Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu magnet bar digantung pada satu spring yang dilekatkan pada kaki retot. Bar magnet itu disesarkan ke bawah dan dilepaskan supaya ia boleh berayun melalui satu solenoid yang disambungkan kepada sebuah galvanometer pusat-sifar.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4


Centre-zero galvanometerGalvanometer pusat-sifar

Solenoid

Bar magnetMagnet bar

Spring


(a) What is meant by electromagnetic induction? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan aruhan elektromagnet?

……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) When the bar magnet move towards the solenoid, the galvanometer pointer deflect for a while.Bila magnet bar bergerak mendekati solenoid, jarum galvanometer terpesong seketika.

(i). Explain why the galvanometer pointer deflects? Terangkan mengapa jarum galvanometer terpesong?

……………………………………………………………................

…………………………………………………………………........ [2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii). State the polarity of end A and end B of the solenoid.Nyatakan kutub pada hujung A dan hujung B pada solenoid itu.

A : ………………………………......................... ………………..

B : ……………………………........................................................ [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c). If the spring is replaced by a stiffer spring, Jika spring itu diganti dengan spring yang lebih keras,

(i). state the change to the angle of deflection of the galvanometer pointer?nyatakan perubahan pada sudut pesongan jarum galvanometer itu?

…………………………………………………………………........

[1 mark] [1 markah]



(ii). Give reason for your answer.Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah]2. Diagram 2 shows a simple electromagnet. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu elektromagnet ringkas.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

(a) What is the meaning of electromagnet? Apakah maksud elektromagnet?

…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah] (b) When the switch is turned on ; Bila suis dihidupkan ;

( i) draw the pattern of magnetic field on Diagram2. lukis corak medan magnet pada Rajah 2.

[1 mark][1 markah]



(ii) state the magnetic pole at P nyatakan kutub magnet pada P.

…………………………………………………………….......................

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) state what happens to the pin. nyatakan apa yang berlaku kepada pin itu.

……………………………………………………………....................... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) State one application of electromagnet. Nyatakan satu kegunaan elektromagnet.

……………………………………………………………....................... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

3. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show the pattern of iron filing formed when the solenoids are connected to the battery.Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan corak susunan serbuk besi yang terbentuk apabila solenoid disambungkan kepada bateri.




(a) What is the meaning of electromagnet?Apakah maksud elektromagnet?

………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) A compass is located at P in Diagram 6.1.By using an arrow, mark the direction of the pointer of the compass.Sebuah kompas diletakkan pada titik P dalam Rajah 6.1. Dengan menggunakan anak panah, tandakan arah penunjuk kompas.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, compare; Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2, bandingkan;

(i) the number of turns of the coil.bilangan lilitan solenoid.

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](ii) the number of magnetic field line of force.

bilangan garis daya medan magnet.

……………………………………………………………......................[1 mark]

[1 markah](iii) the current passing through the solenoid.

magnitud arus yang mengalir melalui soleniod.

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) State the relationship between the number of turns of the coil and the strength of the magnetic field.

Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan lilitan gegelung dengan kekuatan medan magnet.

…………………………………………………………………........................[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(e) (i) What happen to the strength of the electromagnet if a soft iron core is inserted into the solenoid?

Apakah yang terjadi kepada kekuatan elektromagnet jika satu teras besi lembut dimasukkan ke dalam solenoid?

………………………………………………………………….........[1 mark]

[1 markah](ii) Explain your answer in 3(e)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam 6 (e) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]


4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show a copper wire carrying current is placed in a permanent magnetic field. The magnetic field produced is called catapult field.Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan satu dawai kuprum yang membawa arus diletakkan dalam medan magnet kekal. Medan magnet yang terhasil dipanggil medan lastik.




(a) What is meant by catapult field ?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan medan lastik ?

[1 mark][1 markah]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the number of magnet used, the angle of deflection of the cooper wire and the angle of deflection of ammeter indicator.Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan bilangan magnet yang digunakan, sudut pesongan dawai kuprum dan sudut pesongan penunjuk ammeter.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(c) State the relationship between the strength of the catapult field produced andNyatakan hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet lastik yang terhasil dengan

(i) number of magnet usedbilangan magnet yang digunakan

(ii) angle of deflection of copper wiresudut pesongan dawai kuprum [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(d) Diagram 10.3 shows a set up used to study the effects of magnetic field of a current-carrying copper rodRajah 10.3 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan medan magnet terhadap rod kuprum yang membawa arus elektrik.




(i) Explain what happens to the copper rod when the switch is turned on.Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada rod kuprum apabila suis dihidupkan.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) The dry cells are replaced with 12 V a.c. Explain what happens to copper rod when the switch is turned on. Sel bateri ditukarkan dengan 12 V a.u .Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada rod kuprum apabila suis dihidupkan.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(e) Diagram 10.4 shows a d.c. electric motor .Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan sebuah motor elektrik a.t.

Diagram 10.4

Rajah 10.4

(i) Explain how the motor is able to rotate.Terangkan bagaimana motor tersebut boleh berputar.

[4 marks][4 markah]

(ii) Suggest three modifications that need to be done on the d.c electric motor to increase the efficiency of the motor. Give an expalanation for each suggestion given.Cadangkan tiga pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan terhadap motor elektrik a.t itu untuk menambah kecekapan motor tersebut.



Berikan penjelasan untuk setiap cadangan yang diberikan.[6 marks]

[6 markah]

5. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the deflection of the galvanometer when a bar magnets are pushed into two identical solenoids.Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan pesongan galvanometer apabila magnet bar ditolak ke dalam dua solenoid yang serupa.

(a) What is meant by electromagnetic induction?Apakah maksud aruhan electromagnet? [1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2,


Bar magnetsMagnet bar

P

P

Diagram 10.2

Galvanometer

PBar magnetMagnet bar


Galvanometer


(i) state the magnetic pole at the end P when the bar magnets are pushed into the solenoids.nyatakan kutub magnet pada hujung P apabila magnet bar ditolak ke dalam solenoid.

[1 mark](ii) compare the number of bar the magnets and the deflection of the

galvanometer. bandingkan bilangan magnet bar dengan pesongan galvanometer.

[2 marks]

(c) State the relationship betweenNyatakan hubungan antara

(i) the number of bar magnets and the strength of the magnetic field,bilangan magnet bar dengan kekuatan medan magnet,

[1 mark]

(ii) the strength of the magnetic field and the deflection of the galvanometer.kekuatan medan magnet dengan pesongan galvanometer.

[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 10.3 shows an ideal transformer.Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan satu transformer unggul.

(i) Name the type of transformer.Namakan jenis transformer ini. [1 mark]


240 Vac

12 Vac

Primary coilGegelung primer

Secondary coilGegelung sekunder



(ii) Explain how current is induced in the secondary coil?Terangkan bagaimana arus diaruh di dalam gegelung sekunder?

[3 marks]

(e) Diagram 10.4 shows an ac generator.Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.u.


Suggest modifications that can be made to increase the output current to the generator in Diagram 10.4. State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan pada penjana dalam Rajah 10.4. Nyatakan dan beri penerangan tentang pengubahsuaian itu berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) Strength of the magnetKekuatan magnet

(ii) Shape of the magnetBentuk magnet

(iii) Number of turns of the coilBilangan lilitan gegelung

(iv) Diameter of the wire of the coilDiameter dawai pada gelung

(v) The speed of rotationLaju putaran gelung

[10 marks]




6. Diagram 12.1 shows a simple transformer.Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan satu transformer mudah.


(a) State the transformations of energy involved in Diagram 12.1. Nyatakan pemindahan bentuk tenaga yang terlibat dalam Rajah 12.1

[ 1mark][1 markah]

(b) Explain how the transformer worksTerangkan bagaimana transformer berfungsi.

[ 4 marks][4 markah]

(c) You are asked to investigate the design and the characteristic of four transformers shown in Diagram 12.2.

Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the transformer and determine the transformer which can be use as an ideal transformer.

Give reasons for your choice. Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji rekabentuk dan ciri-ciri bagi empat

transformer seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12.2. Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri transformer itu dan tentukan transformer

yang boleh digunakan sebagai transformer unggul. Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.



P

Q

R

S


[10 marks] [ 10 markah]

(d) Diagram 12.3 shows a 12V, 48W bulb lights up with normal brightness when it is connected to a 240V main supply through a transformer.Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan sebuah mentol 12V, 48W menyala dengan kecerahan ormal bila ia disambungkan pada 240V bekalan utama melalui satu transformer.




Calculate: Hitung:

(i) the output voltage of the transformer voltan output bagi transformer

(ii) the number of turns of the primary coil bilangan lilitan pada gelung utama

(iii) the efficiency of the transformer . kecekapan transformer itu .

[ 5 marks] [5 markah]




1. A student carries out an experiment to find out the relationship between number of turns, N and the current induce, I. A coil is wound with an insulated cooper wire with 40 turns. The coil is connected to a microammeter. The arrangement of the apparatus for the experiment is shown in Diagram 1.1.Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mencari hubungan antara bilangan lilitan,N, dan arus teraruh, I . Satu gegelung dililitkan dengan dawai kuprum bertebat dengan 40 lilitan. Gegelung itu disambungkan kepada sebuah mikroammeter. Susunan radas bagi eksperimen itu ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1.


A bar magnet from a height, h of 50.0 cm is released so that it passes through the coil. The induce current, I is measured from the maximum reading of the microammeter . The actual maximum reading of the microammeter is shown in Diagram 1.2.The experiment is repeated by using coils with number of turns 60, 80, 100 and 120. The maximum readings of the microammeter are shown in Diagram 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.Satu magnet bar daripada ketinggian,h 50.0 cm dilepaskan supaya ia melalui gegelung. Arusteraruh, I diukur daripada bacaan maksimum mikroammeter. Bacaan maksimum sebenar mikroammeter adalah ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2.Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan gegelung-gegelung dengan bilangan lilitan 60, 80, 100 dan 120. Bacaan-bacaan maksimum mikroammeter ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6.


h

Bar magnetMagnet bar

Cardboard cylinder Silinder kadbod

CoilGegelung

microammetermikrometer


Number of turns = 40 turnsBilangan lilitan = 40 lilitan





A

A

A

I = ……… µA

I = ……… µA







A

A

I = ……… µA

I = ……… µA




(a) For the experiment described, identify : Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan, kenal pasti:

(i) The manipulated variable.

Pemboleh ubah di manipulasikan.

……………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) The responding variable. Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas

……………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) The constant variable. Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

……………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark]

[1 markah]


I = ……… µA


(b) For this part of the question, write your answers in the spaces provided in the corresponding diagrams.Untuk bahagian soalan ini, tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam rajah-rajah yang sepadan.

(i) Based on Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, record the reading of I. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 , catat bacaan I.


(ii) Tabulate your results for all the values of N and I in the space below. Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi semua nilai N dan I dalam ruang di bawah.


(c) On the graph paper on, draw a graph of I against N. Pada kertas graf di halaman 8, lukis graf I melawan N.


(d) Based on your graph in 1(c), state the relationship between N and I. Berdasarkan graf anda di 1(c), nyatakan hubungan antara I dan N.

…………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]



Graph of I against NGraf I melawan N




2. Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show the electric bell which are connected to the similar batteries.Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan dua loceng elektrik yang disambungkan kepada bateri yang mempunyai voltan yang sama.


When the switch is on, the bell in Diagram 4.2 ring loudly than the bell in Diagram 4.1 .Apabila suis dihidupkan , loceng dalam Rajah 4.2 berbunyi lebih kuat daripada loceng dalam Rajah 4.1.

Based on your observationBerdasarkan pemerhatian anda;

(a) State one suitable inference, [1 mark] Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated [1 mark]Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat

(c ) With use of apparatus such as a insulated copper wire , small iron pins and other apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 2(b)



Dengan menggunakan radas seperti , dawai kuprum bersalut, pin besi kecil dan lain-lain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 4(b).

In your description, state clearly the following : Dalam penerangan anda , jelaskan perkara berikut;

(i) The aim of an experimentTujuan eksperimen




(v) The procedure of the experiment.Describe how to control and measure the manipulated variables andhow to measure the responding variables.Prosedur eksperimen.Jelaskan bagaimana mengawal dan mengukur pembolehubah manipulasi dan bagaimana mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.



[10 marks]



CHAPTER 8 : ELECTROMAGNETISM

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 A 5 A 9 B 13 B

2 A 6 A 10 D 14 D

3 A 7 A 11 D 15 B

4 B 8 B 12 C


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a) The process where induced current / e.m.f in a conductor when the conductor experiences a change in magnetic flux.

1 1

(b)(i) Solenoid experiences a change in magnetic field. An induced current / e.m.f induced in the solenoid

11

4(b)(ii) A : North pole - 1m

B : South pole - 1m11

(c)(i) Increases 1

2(ii) The magnitude of induced current increases // the rate of change of the magnetic flux increases

1

TOTAL MARK 7M

2 (a) A temporary magnet when there is a flow of electric current 1 1

(b)(i)

1

3

(ii) South / S 1

(iii) Attracted to iron nail (electromagnet) 1

(c) Magnetic lifting machine / circuit breaker / electric bell / electric relay / ticker timer / magnetic levitated train / electronic card /parking machine /tape recorder.

1 1

TOTAL MARK 5M


SCHEME


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

3 (a) An electromagnet is a solenoid which can produce magnetic field when current passes through it. When the current is switch off, the solenoid loses its magnetism.

1 1

(b) Due to left 1 1

(c)(i) In diagram 6.2 the number of turns of the coils more than 6.1 1

3(ii) In diagram 6.2 the number of magnetic field line is more than

that in Diagram 6.1 1

(iii) The current flow in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 are the same 1

(d) As the number of turns of solenoid increase the strength of an electromagnet increase

1 1

(e)(i) The strength of electromagnet increase 1

2(ii) The magnetic field line are closer // magnetic field line will be concentrate

1

TOTAL MARK 8M


4 (a) A resultant field due to the combination of the magnetic field due to the current in the conductor and external magnetic field // Diagram

11

(b) M1 Number of turns in D10.2 is biggerM2 angle of deflection of the ammeter indicator in D10.2 is

biggerM3 the reading of spring balance in D10.2 is smallerM4 as current flows is bigger, force acting upwards is

biggerM5 the reading of spring balance is smaller as ,the force

upwards that act on the coils is bigger

11

1

1

1

5

(c)(i) M1 Force acting on the cooper rodM2 moved the cooper rod towards the magnet

11

4(ii) M1 the cooper rod vibrates

M2 as current change direction 11

(d)(i) M1 When the current flow into the coil, magnetic field is produced. And forces are producedM2 Catapult field is producedM3 The forces are in the opposite directionM4 These pair of forces produce the turning effect on the coil.

1

111



NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

(ii) M1 Increase the strength of magnet / add more magnetM2 increase the strength of magnetic fieldM3 Increase the number of turns in the coilsM4 to increase the magnitude of forceM5 Increase the magnitude of currentM6 to increase the magnitude of force / increase the strength of magnetic field

111111

10

TOTAL MARK 20M

5 (a) The effect of producing emf /current, when there is a relative motion/cutting between conductor and magnetic field

11

(b)(i) North pole 1

3(ii) The bar magnets in Diagram 10.2 is more than in Diagram 10.1 The deflection of the galvanometer in Diagram 10.2 is more than in Diagram 10.1

11

(c)(i) The more the bar magnets, the stronger the magnetic field strength. -

1

2(ii) The stronger the magnetic field strength, the greater/larger the

deflection of the galvanometer1

(d) (i) Step down transformer 1

4

(ii) 1. When an alternating current flows through the primary coil,

2. a changing magnetic field will be produced. 3. The changing magnetic field will ‘cut’ through the

secondary coil, an alternating emf /current of the same frequency to be induced in the coil.

1

11

(e) Modifications ExplanationsUse strong magnet. Strong magnet produced strong magnetic field,

when a conductor cutting through a strong magnetic field, high emf/current will be induced.

Concave poles of magnet.

Concave poles provide a radial field which ensures the cutting of the magnetic field is always maximum.

Coil with more turns. More turns mean more conductor cutting through magnetic field, therefore more emf/current is induced.

Larger area of coils. The larger the area of the coil, the more the magnetic field will be cut through, therefore more emf/current is induced.



NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

Wires are wound on a soft iron core which is called armature.

The armature becomes magnetized and increases the strength of the magnetic field

10

TOTAL MARK 20M


6(a) Electrical energy light energy 1 1

(b) 1. When an a.c. voltage is supplied to the primary coil, the soft - iron core is magnetized

2. The magnet produced varies in magnitude and direction3. This causes a changing magnetic flux to pass through the

secondary coil4. Induced e.m.f across the secondary coil is produced.

1

11

1

4

(c)Aspect Explanation

Soft iron core Easy to magnetized and demagnetisedLaminated Less eddy current/ reduce energy lostThick wire Reduce the resistance/more currentCopper wire Low resistance/ reduce the lost of heat Q Soft iron core, Laminated , thick wire,

Copper wire

10

(d)(i) 12 V 1 1

(ii) Np = VpNs VsNp = 240 x 200 12 = 4000

1

1

2

(iii) Efficiency = Po x 100 Pi = 240 x 0.2 x 100 48

= 100 %

1

1

2

TOTAL MARK 20M



CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONICPAPER 1

1. Which of the following about the electrons emitted in a cathode-ray tube is not true? Yang manakah antara berikut adalah tidak benar mengenai elektron-elektron yang keluar dari tiub sinar katod?

A Move in straight lines.Bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

B Move with speed of light.Bergerak dengan halaju yang sama dengan halaju cahaya

C Can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields Dipesongkan oleh medan elektrik dan medan magnet

D The speed of electrons is affected by the potential difference between the cathode and the anode.Kelajuan elektron dipengaruhi oleh beza keupayaan antara katod dan anod

2. Diagram 1 shows the symbol of a transistor. What are the names of the teminal P, Q and R?Rajah 1 menunjukkan symbol bagi satu transistor. Apakah nama bagi terminal P, Q dan R?

Diagram 1Rajah 1



P Q R

ACollector

PengumpulBase

PapakEmitter

Pengeluar

BCollector

PengumpulEmitter

PengeluarBase

Tapak

CBase

TapakCollector

PengumpulEmitter

Pengeluar

DEmitter

TengeluarBase

TapakCollector

Pengumpul

3. Diagram 2 shows a logic gate circuit which has two inputs, X and Y.Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu litar get logik yang mempunyai dua input, X dan Y.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

If the logic state of X is 0 and the logic state of Y is 1, what are the logic states at P, Q and R?Jika keadaan logik X ialah 0 dan keadaan logik Y ialah 1, apakah keadaan logic bagi P, Q dan R?

P Q R

A 0 0 1

B 0 1 1

C 1 1 0

D 1 0 1



4. Diagram 4 shows a trace on the CRO screen when an alternating current power supply is connected to the Y-input of the CRO.Rajah 4 menunjukkan surihan pada skrin OSK apabila bekalan kuasa arus ulang alik disambungkan pada input-Y OSK.

Diagram 4Rajah 4

Which of the following traces form on the screen when the alternating current power supply is replaced by a dry cell?Yang mana satu antara surihan-surihan berikut akan terbentuk di atas skrin apabila bekalan kuasa arus ulang alik digantikan dengan sel kering ?



5. Which of the following circuits will light up the bulb? Antara sambungan litar-litar berikut, yang manakah akan menyalakan mentol?

A

B

C

D


bulbmentol

bulbmentol

bulbmentol

bulbmentol


6. Diagram 5 shows a circuit consists of a transistor used to light up LED during dark. Unfortunately, the circuit does not work.Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu litar yang mempunyai transistor digunakan untuk menyalakan LED ketika gelap. Malangnya, litar itu tidak berfungsi,

Diagram 5Rajah 5

Which of the following would most likely correct the fault in the circuit?Yang manakah diantara berikut, yang besar kemungkinan boleh membetulkan kesilapan dalam litar tersebut?

A Reconnect the dry cells with its terminals reversed Sambung semula sel kering dengan terminalnya disongsangkan

B Reconnect the LED with its terminals reversed Sambung semula LED dengan terminalnya disongsangkan

C Interchange the positions of the LDR and the resistor R2

Saling tukar kedudukan LDR dan perintang R2

D Replaced the LDR with a thermistor Ganti PPC dengan termistor


LEDLDRPPC

R2

R1

Dry cellsSel kering


7. Diagram 6 shows a combination of three logic gates. Rajah 6 menunjukkan kombinasi tiga get logik.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Which truth table is correct for the combination of the three logic gates ? Jadual kebenaran yang manakah betul bagi kombinasi tiga get logik itu?

A B

C D


A B X0 0 00 1 11 0 01 1 0

A B X0 0 10 1 01 0 11 1 1

A B X0 0 10 1 11 0 01 1 0

A B X0 0 00 1 01 0 11 1 1

A

B

X


8. Diagram 7 shows the traces of a C.R.O. (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) for an alternating current (a.c).Rajah 7 menunjukkan surihan O.S.K (Osiloskop Sinar Katod) bagi suatu arus ulang alik.(a.u).

What is the peak voltage if the Y-gain is set at 5 V cm-1 ? Berapakah voltan puncak jika pelaras–Y dilaraskan pada 5 V cm-1?

A 5 V B 10 V

C 15 V D 30 V

9. Which of the following circuits does not light up the bulb?Antara litar-litar berikut, yang manakah tidak menyalakan mentol?

A


Voltage (V)Voltan (V)

Time (s)Masa (s)

Diagram 7Rajah 7


B

C

D

10. Diagram 8 shows a logic gate circuit which has two inputs, X and Y.Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu litar get logik yang mempunyai dua input, X dan Y.


Diagram 8Rajah 8


If the logic state of X is 0 and the logic state of Y is 1, what are the logic states at P, Q and R?Jika keadaan logik X ialah 0 dan keadaan logik Y ialah 1, apakah keadaan logik bagi P, Q dan R?

P Q R

A 0 0 1

B 0 1 1

C 1 1 0

D 1 0 1


1. Diagram 3.1 shows a cross section of a Maltese cross tube used to study the characteristics of cathode ray.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas sebuah tiub palang Maltese yang digunakan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat sinar katod.


(a) What is the meaning of cathode ray?

Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan sinar katod?

………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]



(b) When switch S1 and switch S2 are turned on, two overlapping shadows are formed on the screen. Explain why the shadows are formed on the screen.

Apabila suis S1 dan suis S2 dihidupkan, dua bayang-bayang yang bertindih terbentuk diatas skrin. Terangkan kenapa bayang-bayang ini terbentuk di atas

………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) Calculate the velocity of cathode ray in the Maltese cross tube .Hitungkan halaju sinar katod di dalam tiub palang maltese .

[ Charge of electron, e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C ; Mass of one electron, me

= 9 x 10 -31 kg ] [ Cas bagi elektron, e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C ;Jisim bagi elektron, me

= 9 x 10 -31 kg ]

[2 marks][2 markah]

(d) Diagram 3.2 shows a pair of magnet with opposite poles are placed at the sides of the tube. One of the shadow deflects.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sepasang magnet dengan kutub berbeza diletakkan pada sisi tiub tersebut. Satu daripada bayang-bayang tersebut terpesong.


(i) By using an arrow, show the direction of the shadow which deflects in



Diagram 3.2. Dengan menggunakan anak panah, tunjukkan arah pesongan bayang

pada skrin di Rajah 3.2.[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) State the physics rule used to determine the direction of the shadow. Nyatakan peraturan fizik yang digunakan untuk menentukan arah

bayang tersebut.

……………………………………………………..................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

2. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a resistance against temperature graph for a thermistor.



Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan graf rintangan melawan suhu untuk satu termistor.


(i) State how the resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature ?Nyatakan bagaimana rintangan termistor berubah dengan suhu?

………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) What is the resistance of the thermistor at 30 oC . Show on the graph how you determine the value of resistance.


0 10 20 30 8070605040

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Temperature / o CSuhu / o C

Resistance / Rintangan /


Apakah rintangan termistor pada suhu 30oC. Tunjukkan di atas graf bagaimana rintangan ditentukan.

…………..…………………………………………………………..[2 mark]

[2 markah]

(b) A thermistor and a light dependence resistance (LDR) are used to make a simple switch which control an air conditioner in a room as shown in Diagram 7.2.Termistor dan perintang peka cahaya (PPC) digunakan untuk membina satu suis ringkas yang m engawal penyaman udara di dalam sebuah bilik seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2.


The air-conditioner is only activated either on a sunny day or at a hot nightPenyaman udara akan dihidupkan pada waktu siang dan pada malam yang panas.

Keys : Input P : during the day – logic “1”Kunci : Input P : waktu siang – logik “1”

Input P: at night - logic “0”Input P : waktu malam- logik “0”

Input Q : when hot - logic “1”Input Q : apabila panas – logik “1”

Input Q : when cold - logic “0” Input Q : apabila sejuk - logik “0”


LDRThermistor

PR

Q

Air-conditionerPenyaman udara

0 V

12V

AC ,240 V

RelayGeganti


Relay switch : switch on when output logic is “1”Suis geganti : dihidupkan apabila logik output “1”

Relay switch : switch off when output logic “0”Relay switch : dimatikan apabila logik“0”

Table 7 shows a truth table operation indicates the logic gates which control the air-conditioner system.Jadual 7 menunjukkan jadual kebenaran operasi get logic bagi mengawal system penyaman udara.

InputInput

OutputOutput

P Q R

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

Table 7Table 7

(i) Using the keys given, complete the table 7Menggunakan kunci yang diberi, lengkapkan jadual 7.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 7.Namakan get logik dalam litar pada Rajah 7.

…………………………………………………………………........[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) In the space below , draw a symbol of the logic gate in 2b(ii).Dalam ruangan di bawah lukiskan simbol bagi get logic di 2b(ii).



[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a light dependent resistance, LDR , used in transistor circuit to control a road lamp labeled 240 V. 100 W.Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan perintang peka cahaya digunakan dalam litar transistor untuk mengawal lampu jalan yang berlabel 240 V, 100 W


At night the road lamp is switched on automatically.Pada waktu malam lampu jalan dihidupkan secara automatik

(i) What is the function of resistor R1 ?Apakah fungsi perintang R1 ?

…………………………………………………………………........[1mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Explain how the circuit function at night.Jelaskan bagaimana litar itu berfungsi pada waktu malam.



………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………[2 mark]

[2 markah]

(iii) Why the lamp is not connected directly to the transistor circuit?Mengapa lampu jalan itu tidak disambungkan terus pada litar transistor ?

……………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah]

3. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a relay used in an electrical circuit.Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu geganti yang digunakan dalam satu litar elektrik.


(i) What is the function of a relay?Apakah fungsi geganti?

…………………………………………………..……………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Explain what will happen when an electric current flow in the main circuit?



Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku apabila arus elektrik mengalir dalam litar utama?

…………………………………………………..………………..

…………………………………………………..………………… [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a circuit consists of an automatic switch using a relay to switch on a street light at night.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada sau suis automatik menggunakan geganti untuk menghidupkan satu lampu jalan pada waktu malam.


(i) Name the component labeled Q.Namakan komponen berlabel Q.

…………………………………………………..………………….

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) State the main characteristic for component Q.Nyatakan ciri utama bagi komponen Q.

…………………………………………………..…………………. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Explain how the component Q light up the street light.Terangkan bagaimana komponen Q menghidupkan lampu jalan.



…………………………………………………..…………………

…………………………………………………..…………………

…………………………………………………..………………… [3 marks]

[3 markah]

(c) Diagram 8.3 shows a simple tsunami control system used to detect an earthquake and eruption volcano at the sea bed which will produced tsunami.Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan satu sistem kawalan tsunami ringkas yang digunakan untuk mengesan gempa bumi dan letupan gunung berapi di dasar laut yang akan menghasilkan tsunami.


The circuit consists of vibration sensor, V, and water temperature sensor,T, at the sea bed. The vibration and increase in temperature detected will produced signals which will be sent to a logic gate and then to the tsunami operation detector room through the transmitter.Litar adalah terdiri daripada pengesan gegaran, V, dan pengesan suhu air, T di dasar laut. Gegaran dan kenaikan suhu air yang dikesan akan menghasilkan isyarat yang akan dihantar kepada get logik dan seterusnya dihantar ke bilik operasi pengesan tsunami melalui pemancar.

Keys ;Kekunci;



Vibration sensor, V : With vibration Logic ‘1’Pengesan gegaran, V : Dengan gegaran Logik ‘1’

Vibration sensor, V : Without vibration Logic ‘0’Pengesan gegaran, V : Tiada gegaran Logik ‘0’

Water temperature sensor, T : High temperature Logik ‘1’Pengesan suhu air, T : Suhu tinggi Logik ‘1’

Water temperature sensor, T : Low temperature Logik ‘0’Pengesan suhu air, T : Suhu rendah Logik ‘0’

Output S : Radar is activated Logic ‘1’Output S : Radar diaktifkan Logic ‘1’

Output S : Radar is deactivated Logic ‘0’Output S : Radar is tidak diaktifkan Logic ‘0’

Tsunami will occur when there is a vibration or change of high temperature at the sea bed.Tsunami akan berlaku apabila terdapat gegaran atau perubahan suhu tinggi di dasar laut.Table 8 is a truth table which shows the operation of the logic gate in the tsunami control system.Jadual 8 adalah jadual kebenaran yang menunjukkan oparasi get logik dalam sistem kawalan tsunami.

V T S0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

Table 8 Jadual 8

(i) Using the keys given, complete Table 8.Menggunakan kekunci yang diberikan, lengkapkan jadual 8.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 8.3.Namakan get logik dalam litar pada Rajah 8.3.



…………………………………………………..…………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) In the space below, draw the logic gate symbol in 3 c(ii).Pada ruangan di bawah, lukis symbol get logik dalam 3 c(ii).

[1 mark][1 markah]

CHAPTER 9 : ELECTRONIC


SCHEME


PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 B 5 B 9 C

2 A 6 C 10 D

3 C 7 A

4 B 8 C


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a) Beam of electron moving at high speedAlur elektron berhalaju tinggi

1 1

(b) 1. Light from the filament is blocked by the cross Cahaya dari filament dihalang oleh palang// Cathode ray is blocked by the cross Sinar katod dihalang oleh palang

1 1

(c) 1. Correct substitution

√ 2 (1.6 x 10 -19 ) ( 3000)

9 x 10 -31

2. Correct answer with unit

3.27 x 10 7 ms-1

1

1

2

(d) (i)

1 1

(ii) Fleming’s left- hand rule // Peraturan tangan kiri Fleming 1 1

TOTAL MARK 6M

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK



2 a)(ii) Temperature high, resistance lowSuhu tinggi, Rintangan rendah

1

3(ii) - Lines drawn on the graph.-1.35 Ω- garis dilukiskan pada graf-1.35 Ω

11

(b) (i) Output,R 0 1 1 1

1

3(ii) OR

ATAU1

(iii) 1

(c) (i) To limit the current flows into the base terminal.Menghad arus yang mengalir ke dalam terminal tapak

1

5

(ii) At night, no light fall on the LDP, resistance, R of LDP high.As R high, the voltage, V across the LDP also high. V across the base circuit > Vmin , this will switch on the transistor and the collector circuit works.Pada waktu malam, tiada cahaya dalam LDP, rintangan, R bagi LDP tinggi, Apabila R tinggi, voltan, V mengalirdalam LDP juga tinggi.V melalui litar tapak > Vmin, suis transistor akan dihidupkan dan litar pengumpul akan berkerja

1

11

(iii) The voltage 6 V in the collector circuit will not light up the bulb.Voltan 6V dalam litar pengumpul tidak akan menyalakan mentol

1

TOTAL MARK 10M

3(a)(i) As an automatic switch to switch on the second circuitSebagai suis automatik dihidupkan pada litar kedua

1

3

(ii) Relay coil will be an electromagnet attracts soft iron armature second circuit will be operated

(Max 2M) gegelung geganti akan di electromagnet angker besi lembut ditarik litar kedua akan beroperasi

(Maks 2M)

11



NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

(b)(i) LDR 1 1

(ii) The resistance of LDR is low when there is light // vice versaRintangan bagi LDR adalah rendah apabila ada cahaya // sebaliknya

1 1

(iii) At night, resistance Q is higherVQ higher > Vbe of batteryI b increase, I c increase ; (Relay is switch onPada waktu malam, rintangan Q adalah tinggiVQ tinggi > Vbe bagi bateriI b bertambah, I c bertambah ;Geganti akan dihidupkan

111 3

(c) (i)

2

4

(ii) OR GateGet ATAU

1

(iii) 1

TOTAL MARK 12M


V T S0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1


CHAPTER 10: RADIOACTIVITYPAPER 1

1 Diagram 1 shows the decay sequence from nucleus uranium-234 to radon-222. Rajah 1 menunjukkan siri pereputan nukleas uranium-234 kepada radon-222.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

What are the numbers of alpha particles and beta particles that are emitted in this process ?

Berapakah bilangan zarah alfa dan zarah beta yang dibebaskan dalam proses ini ?

Number of alpha particles

Bilangan zarah alfa

Number of beta particles

Bilangan zarah beta

A 1 2

B 2 1

C 3 0

D 0 3

2 Diagram 2 shows the radioactivity decay graph for a radioactive material. Rajah 2 menunjukkan graf pereputan radioaktif bagi satu bahan radioaktif.



Diagram 2 Rajah 2

What is the half-life of the radioactive material? Berapakah separuh hayat bahan radioaktif itu?

A 1.0 s B 2.0 s

C 3.0 s D 5.0 s

3 Diagram 3 shows the path of particle P when it moves close to a nucleus.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan lintasan bagi zarah P apabila ia bergerak berhampiran dengan satu nukleus.

Identify the particle P.Kenal pasti zarah P.


Particle PZarah P

nucleusnukleus

Diagram 3Rajah 3


A α-particle B β-particle zarah-α zarah-β

C γ-ray D neutronsinar-γ neutron

4 Diagram 4 shows an equation of a nuclear reaction.Rajah 4 menunjukkan persamaan suatu tindakbalas nukleus.

/tenaga

What are the values of P and Q?Berapakah nilai P dan Q?

P Q

A 3 1

B 2 1

C 4 2

D 3 2

5 Diagram 5 shows the decay curve of a radioactive sample.Rajah 5 menunjukkan lengkung reputan bagi satu sampel radioaktif.


Diagram 4Rajah 4


What is the half life of the radioactive sample?Berapakah separuh hayat bagi sampel radioaktif tersebut?

A 0.2 years B 0.4 years0.2 tahun 0.4 tahun

C 1.0 years D 1.2 years1.0 tahun 1.2 tahun

6 In a nuclear fission reaction, 0.005 u mass of a radioactive element is changed to nuclear energy. Calculate the energy released. Dalam proses penyusutan nuklear, 0.005 u.j.a. jisim telah ditukarkan kepada tenaga nuklear. Hitung tenaga yang dibebaskan. [1u = 1.7 x 10 -27 kg , speed of light = 3.0 x 108 ms-1 ]

[1 u.j.a. = 1.7 x 10 -27 kg , halaju cahaya = 3.0 x 108 ms-1 ]

A 2.55 x 10 -21 J B 5.10 x 10 -19 J

C 3.83 x 10 -13 J D 7.65 x 10 -13 J

7. Which of the following is correct about the penetrating power of , and ? Antara berikut yang manakah adalah benar mengenai kuasa penembusan , dan ?


Diagram 5Rajah 5

3 cm


A

B

C

D

8 Diagram 6 shows the arrangement of a radioactive source and a detector to monitor the thickness of aluminum sheets in a factory.Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan satu sumber radioaktif dan satu alat pengesan untuk memantau ketebalan kepingan aluminium di dalam sebuah kilang.


paperkertas

aluminum aluminium

leadplumbum

10 cm

paperkertas

aluminum aluminium

3 cm

leadplumbum

10 cm

aluminum aluminium

3 cm

leadplumbum

10 cm

RollerPenggelek

Radioactive sourceSumber radioaktif Aluminum sheet

Kepingan aluminium


Which of the following would be most suitable to be used as the radioactive source?Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah paling sesuai digunakan sebagai sumber

radioaktif itu? Radiation emitted Half lifeSinaran yang dipancar Setengah hayat

A alpha 5 daysalfa 5 hari

B gamma 5 yearsgama 5 tahun

C beta 5 days beta 5 hari

D alpha 5 years alfa 5 tahun


1 Diagram 1 shows the deflection of three types of radioactive emission in an electric field.Rajah 1 menunjukkan pesongan tiga jenis pancaran radioaktif di dalam suatu medan elektrik.


Radiation detectorPengesan sinaranCounter

Pembilang

Diagram 6Rajah 6


Diagram 1Rajah 1

(a) What is the meaning of radioactivity?Apakah maksud keradioaktifan?

……………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

[1 markah](b) (i) Name the type of radioactive emission. Namakan jenis pancaran radioaktif.

X : …………………………………………………

Z:……………………………………………………[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(ii) Give one reason why the deflection of Z more than the deflection of X. Berikan satu sebab kenapa pesongan Z lebih daripada pesongan X.

…………………………................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]



(c) In a reactor nuclear, Uranium 235 is bombarded by a neutron produces Barium 141 and Kripton 92 by releasing three neutrons. This reaction experiences a mass defect.Dalam suatu tindak balas nuklear, Uranium 235 ditembak dengan satu neutron menghasilkan Barium 141 dan Kripton 92 dengan membebaskan tiga neutron. Tindakbalas ini mengalami kecacatan jisim. (i) Name the type of nuclear reaction.

Namakan jenis tindak balas nuklear ini.

………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Complete the equation of the reaction by writing the appropriate number in the boxes provided.Lengkapkan persamaan tindak balas dengan menulis nombor yang sesuai dalam kotak yang disediakan.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iiii) The nuclear reaction of one nucleus of uranium - 235 experiences a mass defect of 2.988 x 10-28 kg. Calculate the energy released in the nuclear reaction. The velocity of light is 3 x 10 8 ms-1.Tindak balas nuklear bagi satu nucleus uranium - 235 mengalami kecacatan jisim sebanyak 2.988 x 10-28 kg. Hitungkan tenaga yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas itu. Halaju cahaya adalah 3 x 10 8 ms-1.

[2 marks][2 markah]



(d) Radioactive substances give out radiations which are harmful to our body.Bahan-bahan radioaktif mengeluarkan sinaran yang berbahaya kepada badan kita.

(i) Suggest one precaution that need to be taken when handling a radioactive source.Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa mengendalikan sumber radioaktif.

…………………………………………………...............................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1 (d) (i).Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan di 1 (d) (i).

………………………………………………………………............[1 mark]


2. As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of a certain radioactive isotope that could be used to detect the thickness of paper in paper factory.

Sebagai seorang penyelidik, anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi beberapa isotop radioaktif untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pengesan ketebalan kertas di

sebuah kilang kertas.

(a) What is meant by radioisotope mean?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

[1 mark]

(b) Table 12 below shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes. Jadual 12 di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi lima jenis radi isotop.

RadioisotopeRadioisotop

Characteristics Of IsotopeCiri-ciri Radioisotop

State of matterKeadaan jirim

Emitted radiationRadiasi Pancaran

Half-lifeSeparuh hayat

Penetrating powerKuasa

penembusan



Strontium-90Solid

PepejalBetaBeta

28 years28 tahun

MediumSederhana

Cobalt-60Solid

PepejalGammaGama

5 years5 tahun

HighTinggi

Xenon-133GasGas

BetaBeta

5 days5 hari

HighTinggi

Water containing H-3

Liquidcecair

BetaBeta

12 years12 tahun

MediumSederhana

Polonium-210Solid

PepejalAlphaAlfa

140 days140 hari

LowRendah

Table 1Jadual 1

Based on the table above;Berdasarkan jadual di atas;

(i) Explain the suitable characteristics of the radioisotopes so that it can be used to detect the thickness of paper in a paper factory.

Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri radio isotop boleh digunakan untuk mengesan ketebalan kertas di sebuah kilang kertas.

(ii) Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and give your reason for your choice.

Tentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai digunakan dan berikan sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[10 marks]

(c) Explain the arrangement of the paper thickness detector apparatus and state how radioactivity is used to detect the thickness of the paper.

Terangkan satu susunan alat radas pengesan ketebalan kertas dan nyatakan bagaiman radioaktif digunakan untuk mengesan ketebalan kertas.

[4 marks]

(d) Sketch a graph of activity against time to illustrate how radioactive materials decay. Use your graph to explain how the half-life is determined.Lakarkan satu graf aktiviti melawan masa bagi menunjukkan pereputan suatu bahan radioaktif. Gunakan graf anda untuk menerangkan bagaimana separuh hayat bahan itu dapat ditentukan.

[3 marks]

(e) The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years. Calculate the time taken for the activity of this isotope to decay to 12.5% of its

initial activity.



Separuh hayat bagi kobalt-60 ialah 5 tahun. Hitungkan masa yang diambil oleh isotop ini untuk menjadi 12.5% daripada

nilai aktiviti asalnya[2 marks]

3 Radioactive material has some important uses in the field of agriculture such as to study the effectiveness of fertilizers and control the population of pests.Bahan radioaktif mempunyai beberapa kegunaan penting dalam bidang pertanian seperti mengkaji keberkesanan baja dan pengawalan populasi serangga.

(a) A researcher conducted an investigation using posphorus-32 to study the absorption and movement of fertilizers in the plant. Diagram 3 shows how radioisotope posphorus-32 is injected to the stem of the plant. The half-life of posphorus-32 is 14 days and emits -particles.Seorang penyelidik telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan menggunakanfosforus-32 untuk mengkaji penyerapan dan pergerakan baja dalam satu tumbuhan .Rajah 3 menunjukkan bagaimana fosforus-32 disuntik kedalam batang tumbuhan itu. Separuh hayatbagi fosforus-32 ialah 14 hari dan memancarkan zarah-

.

Diagram 12Rajah 12

Based on the information on radioactivity and Diagram 12 :Berdasarkan maklumat dalam keradioakifan dan Rajah 12:

(i) What is meant by half life? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separuh hayat?

[1 mark]



[1 markah](ii) What is -particles.?

Apakah zarah- ? 1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) Name the most suitable detector could be used to detect -particles. Namakan satu alat pengesan yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk mengesan zarah-.


(b) The initial posphorus-32 activity is 800 counts per second.Calculate the time taken for the phosphorus-32 activity to decrease to 50 counts per second.Keaktifan awal fosforus-32 ialah 800 bilangan per saat.Hitung masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan fosforus-32 berkurangmenjadi 50 bilangan per saat.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) The population of pests can be controlled using radiation from radioactive source.You are assigned to study the characteristics of some radioisotopes that are suitable for use in controlling the population of pests.

Table 2 shows the characteristics of four radioisotopes.Populasi serangga dapat dikawal dengan menggunakan sinaran radioaktif dari satu sumber radioaktif.Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi beberapa radioisotope yang sesuai untuk digunakan dalam mengawal populasi serangga.Jadual 2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat radioisotop.

RadioisotopeRadioisotope

Characteristics of radioisotopeCiri-ciri radioisotop

State of matterKeadaan jirim

Types of rayJenis sinar

Half-lifeSeparuh hayat

Iodine-131Iodin-131

LiquidCecair

GammaGama

8 days8 hari

Xenon-133Xenon-133

Solidpepejal

BetaBeta

days5 hari



Cobalt-60Kobalt-60

SolidPepejal

GammaGama

5 years5 tahun

Strontium-90Strontium-90

liquidcecair

BetaBeta

8 years8 tahun

Table 2Jadual 2

Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the radioisotope to be used in the controlling the population of pests based on the following aspects:

Terangkan kesesuian ciri-ciri radioisotope untuk digunakan dalam mengawal populasi serangga berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

- State of matterKeadaan jirim

- Types of rayJenis sinar

- Half-lifeSeparuh hayat

Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and give the reason for your choice. Tentukan radioisotope yang paling sesuai digunakan dan beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[8 marks]

[8 markah]

(c) The following equation shows a fission reaction of Uranium-235.Persamaan berikut menunjukkan satu persamaan tindakbalas pembelahan nukleus Uranium-235.

(i) What is meant by a nuclear fission? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembelahan nucleus?

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.



Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235.

Pembelahan nukleus menghasilkan tindakbalas berantai.Huraikan bagaimana tindakbalas berantai berlaku dalam pembelahan satu atom uranium-235.

[4 marks][4 markah

(iii) The nuclear energy produced in the fission reaction of uranium-235 is 2.9 x 10-11 J.Calculate the total lost of mass in the reaction.

[ c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1]Tenaga nuklear yang dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas pembelahan itu ialah 2.9 x 10-11 J.

Hitungkan jumlah kehilangan jisim dalam tindakbalas itu [ c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1]


CHAPTER 10 : RADIOACTIVITY

PAPER 1

NO ANSWER NO ANSWER NO ANSWER1 C 5 C 9 C

2 C 6 D

3 A 7 B

4 A 8 B


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

1(a) Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus with the emission of energetic particles or photons

1 1

(b)(i) X - alpha particle 1 3


SCHEME


Z – beta particle 1(ii) Z is lighter than X 1

(c) (i) Nuclear Fission 1

4

(ii)

1

(iii) E = mc2

= (2.988 x 10 -11 )(3 x 108) 2

= 2.67 x 10 -11 J

11

(d) (i) -strong radioactive substances are handled using remote controlled mechanical arms from a safe distance //-weak radioactive substance can be handled by forceps-workers should wear a special badge //-wearing protective suits and gears such as gloves, eye glasses//

1

2

(ii) -to avoid direct contact - detect the amount of radiation they are exposed to//* the reason should be related to the answer given in (d)(i)

1

TOTAL MARK 10M


NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

2(a) The atoms of an element that contain the same number of protons but differing number of neutrons are called isotopes. // The atom number is the same but the nucleon number is different.

1 1

(b) (i) & (ii)

Isotope in the solid form it is easily handled and does not make a mess. Beta principles medium penetration power medium penetration power able to penetrate paper and less dangerous compared to

gamma rays. The half-life of the isotope must be long to ensure that the isotope can be used for a longer

period of time. Strontium-90 it is a solid, it emits beta principles, has a half life of

28 years and has medium penetration power.

111111

11

1

1

10



(c) Radioactive materials and the radioactive ray detector are arranged as shown in the diagram. High readings from the diagrams indicate a thin paper where a low reading indicates a thick paper.

3

3

(d)

3 3

(e) 100% 50% 25% 12.5% 5 years 5 years 5 yearsTime = 3(5 years) = 15 years

1

11

3

TOTAL MARK 20M

NO SCHEMESUB

MARKTOTAL MARK

3(a)(i) The time taken for half of nucleus radioactive material to decay.

1

3(ii) Fast moving electron / electron 1

(iii) Geiger-Muller tube 1

(b) 800 400 - 200 - 100 - 50 // No. of T1/2 = 4

4 x 14 days / 64 days

1

12

(c) - The state of matter of radioisotope is solid. - Easier to handled. - Emits gamma-ray. - Penetrating power is high. - Long half-life. - Last longer. The most suitable radioisotope is Cobalt-60. - Because the state of matter is solid, emits gamma-ray and

11111111

10



long half-life

(d)(i) The process of breaking up of on heavy nucleus into lighter nucleus.

1

7

(ii) - Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus // Diagram

- Three neutrons produced // Diagram - The new neutron bombarded a new uranium

nucleus // Diagram - For every reaction, the neutrons produced will

generate a chain reaction // Diagram - 1m

1

11

1

(iii) E = mc2

2.9 x 10 -11 = m x (3.0 x 108)2

m = 3.22 x 10-28 kg

11

TOTAL MARK 20M


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