1.4. etlH3HIJKH, xeMHCKH H ApyrH K31)3KTepHCTHKH H3 TeXHOJlOlUKHT e

"pOQeCH 80 QPH3T3 H OOOeH3T3 MeTaJlyprHj3

Ilpernopaa.ero aa CypOBHOT MaTepHjaJl 0)], iKeJle3Ha pyna, KOKC H BapOBHlfK BOynOTPe6mIBH npO)],yKTlf 0)], '1eJllfK ce O)],BHBa BO nosexe creneaa: 110c)ZOIll06Kll u a

cypoeuoiii Ml1lllepujllA lliOllefbe Nil JlCe/1 ~.30 60 aUCOKll lie'tKa, 006Uaalbe CYP0 6 -ten u«, ­

"Jieei:be ua «enutcoiu, IIPUMlll!.HO all/lJl!P..f, JIllOHO all/lll fbe U «pajuo }'COap IU)'all fbe , KaKO~ ----- -----

~Ka5KaHo aa CJl. 1.3.

B o annycrpajara 3a np Olf3Bo)],CTBO na '1 eJlHK npBHOT ' leKOp .e nO)],rOTORKaTa naCypOBHOT MaTepHjan. Toneisero ce sp uta BO BHCOKlf nesxa, HO npCTX01l,HO CnOTPe6HO Aa ce H3BpUm ai»0.«epauujo" na xcertesna'ra pyna co nocrrnxa nacanrepyaaa.e. B o norOHOT aa cuniiiepyean.e'"; iKeJle3HaTa pyna, Ba : ~ ' IJHHKOT,

KOKCOT; npaaor 0)], OI.JaKOT aa BHCOKaTa nexxa H peWiKJlHpaHHOT CIlHTcpyRaHMaTepHj aJl ce MClIJaaT, ce HaBJlaiKYBaaT H ce r on ar co sarpeaaa.e aa 1I,a cenpOH3BC1I,aT rpYTK H sa nonaea,e aa BHCOKaTa nC'IKa. DBa ce spma no MalIJl-fHa aacaarepyaaa,c. 3 a notiap H kaanarerea np ou ec na cmrr epyaaa.e Mop a na cexorrrponapaar nosexe BeJllf'IHHH (O)],HOCOT aa B03)],yxoT, Co)],piKlfHaTa na KOKCOT,noposaocra aa cHHTepyBaHHoT MaTepl1jaJl) aa na ce 06 e36e)],ll oxcnnanuja aa I~CJlllOT

KOKC BO sp cvcrpaeu.ero ua npouecor. A Ko nOTnOJlHOTO coropysaa, c CC CJly'1lIMHory pano, Ke np erpnu lIJTeTa MallllfHCKHOT xanaunrer. AKO, nax , HC CC CJly'!HnOTn(}JlHO coropyB alhe 1I,eJl OA npoAyKTOT Ke OCTaHe Hc06pa60TCH.

KJly'lHa e)],llHHl..\a BO np0I..\CCOT Ha AoGllBalhe iKeJlC30 C eu coxaiiia tie-t»;«, xoj a06 C36e)],yBa iKCJle30 KaKO BJle3eH MaTcrHjaJl aa APyr aTa MpeiKa 0)], npOlleco·~ eAHa

- lfHTcrpHpaHa 'leJllf'larHlfqa. IIpouecor MO)K~na 10 pa3ACJlHMC na r p u ACJla: .I1WIlI

u e-uca, CUCllIeM .3a IIOJ11~e1be Ii" Ca .A1i1lll ll 6UCOKl1 ii e-oca.BHCOKaTa nex xa CC nonnu OA r opnar a cr pana, npu RpBOT co nocefi en CIICTCM '~ a--nOJlHelhe.

rJlaBeH )],~ Ha nOMOlIJHaTa onpeMa IIITO Ii CJlYiKH na BH~Ta ! IC' IKa C MamlTa~ Ko'apa60TH qHKJllf'IHO. H ej 311Ha aanasra e na ja 06e36cAH r onnara R(YlAYIIIHanpouaja . '-- --- -

*

**

Arnovepaunja = 111pYlKY Balhe ( 011 nar . agg lomerare},

Cuarepyaau,e e Ilpouec aa cnen ysa u,e ua 'leCTlI'IKI1 nraB BO enuucr ae ua ~l a ca ua TC\lIIepaTypanon T04K3Ta aa r oneu,e.

14

J\o 6 MBa tb e )t(Q ne30

ua<apH

I KOH TM Hy Mp aH one ewe

Te4 e H 4 enMI(1593" C

/.10 6M aa tb9 Cy p OBI.4 e n "1(

noaeu

l(",cnO pOA HO ­I(OH8 9p TOp CK8

~_ne"<a U

r- apan o Ay a3tbe

r pauc no p tua~ /«c na aa *e>ol.O f( _ !

ceran

H3n98atb9 IAeU OHn ' pa Hoe 80uo n1\0 8\11..3 u on AD8HTe ~

In ~Q'L ~ 'QD~'L;In~ L~ 'I=~ ' .

Will TO~~~M.~;a~e ( c;.y~~~·pc,.H.," ;a~~~: a...e) ~ IA n a 6 MH CKM cel(y HAap ...o ea n asee

n e'-l KM

cTp yK Typan H M 06nM!.lM ,KO"CTpyK TMB H M npo4 H1 /tM!.leRK", WHn KH, ClanOS"

)« 9 n 9 3 H8

PYAs

a /.1MT.,8HMMa Te p",M

K OI( CIDA ja rn sH l

38 epW" M onep34M"

I33 Mcno p a4 y s aHoe

TOruII!0T B03J],)'X BJIeryBa BO ne'lKa)"iLQIL1!0JIHaTa srPa!I~ I'! CTPyH HH3_ Ma~~p~jaJ10T . IS91<coT e H3BOP_02:-Ha j ar~ep~A, n0'!Ee6e.-!! ~ap~)l;y~u.Hja na )KeJIe3HHOT

OKCHA BO )KeJIe30. .Peaxuajara aa jarJIepOAHHOT MOHOKCIl)J, co )KeJIe3HHOT OKCHA ce cnysyaa BOnOfOpHHOT AeJI na BHCOKaTa nenxa, xane e TeMneparypaTa nOMaJIa OA 815°C.PCAyKIUlj aTa, nax, co ' IHCTHOT j ar n epon aacraaysa BO npncycr ao na cKcTPeMHaTOnJIHHa, npH6JI ll)KHO 1.65(JOC , BO OfHHIliTeTO aa nC'IKaTa .

PaCTone HoTO )KeJIe30 ce co6Hpa aa AHOTO OJ], nex x ar a H nepaonaxno ce0ABeAYBa HH3 )KeJIe3HH~~-~ . 3~ypaTa , xoja nrnma no pacroneuoro ~eJIe30 , ceOJJ;Boj yBa co CIICTeM HaJ2paHH.II_ce JLO)l,H HH3 HII3H OA xoptrra KOH nOABll)KHII JIOHI~II-BarOHH IIJIII BO pa3JIaAyBa'IKII OKHa no 6Jrn3UHaHa-nCtIKaTa.-- _ --- .

. Pacronenoro )KCJIC30 ce BOAII co CJIII'IeH CIICTeM aa xopnra AO UIlfPOKIf H3ll;BO-- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --- ~- . -C.HIf KOJIU'IKIf na IlI~HH aa TPaHC!lOpTIfPalhC AO onp esrar a aa npoIf3BoACTBO aa 'I eJIHK.

3a A06ap KBaJIIfTCT Ha )KCJI C30TO BO ne'lKaTa TPc6a Aa BJIaAeaT 0ApeAeHIfrenneparypa If UPIfTIfCOlm.

3a A06IfBalhe na CypOB 'ICJIHK BO YlI cw pc6a ce CJI~J]HIfBC TRH uQ0U.eclI: tiasu-uio--.- --=-------- ---;:-----_ .- = --OKCIUCHCKa ue-oca. C/lCKII IP Il 'iH lI ue-oca II ue-oca co Ol//(I0peHO oeuuuuue.

- -- - -- - -_._---- -

Flpa npouccor aa 6a~mtIHo·oKCHfCHCKO A06IIBalhC na tICJIIfK, )KeIIIKIfOT MeTaJI IfoTnaA0u.IITe ce nOJIHaT no KOHBCpTOp 3aC,fJ,HO co saponuax If APyrlI. MaTer .,j aJII1 HaJIeryplI. Pacroneuor o )KeJIe30 urro noara OA nHCOKaTa nesxa COAP)KI1 ::ajrOJIeMnpouerrr na )KCJIC30 (OKOJIy 94'}{, ) , IIOTOa j ar nepon CHJIIfKOH, cynrpyp, Mam e3HyM Ifrpocqiop. Penyunpa-rxaor ar CHC aa If3BJICKynalhc ua jar JICpOAOT C yJITpatIHCTKIfCJIOpOACH rae. K IfCJIOPOAOT OKCUJl,Upa If HaCTaHyBa oxcananaja na jarJIepOAOT,CIfJIIfKOHOT, cpocrpopor, MarHc3HyMoT If HcmTO MaJIKy )KCJIC30. U CJI e na ccnpoIf3BcAe -caxaao KOJIll'ICCTBO na tICJIIfK, co cneuarpuuapaa xeMIfCKIf COCTaB, aaonpeneaa rexrnepar ypa. Flor pefinara TCpMIftIKa eaeprnja e 06e36cAeHa eAIfHCTBCHOco er30TcpMHIfTC oKcHAau.IfOHIf peaxuan.

Ilooasau.ero na tICJIIIK BO 6a3WIHO-OKcureHCKa neuxa np cTcTaByBa urapxccn(l.I,lfKJIll'ICH) upoU.CC. E HAcjKIf tICJIIfKOTce npaBH BO CCpIfIf (urapacu) sa ofiesfi eny nan,cnpIf6JIIDI<HO ennax aa CUe l~I1epIfKaI~IfH IIO CTcneHIfT C, Mopa cexoja ma p)Ka na 611J\cBHHMaTeJIHO rrpecueraa a 11 co upOnOpL~I10HaJICH COC-TaB. Cnopen Toa , epeonocuunu«uuiio iiipetia oa ouoait; MCp CHII 1/ «ouiiiponupauu ce iuencuuuiiie lUI puciiiotiencnuo»cenes o U OIUUa OOl(ItIU e, iii escuuaii ta ua aou iiuusuiiie (eapoeuutcoiii), (W.fly.Mell0 iii ttuKUC.l/0POO II iiieu ii ep aiiiypuiiie na IIw p JICGlu a u KpajHIIOITt iipooyxiii.

. .o:06IfCHI10T c:ypoB tleJIIfK ce .!!CTYQa BO r OJIeMIf .1!9Ii!!!.i, a noroa ce ne e BO KaJIalIHaa Aa ce OB03MO)KIf crspnayaaa,e . B.B.-coA~:: ! .H. MO.r!.qOJ!U ,~OII ce UOUOr OJl,C Hnporpnn I1 XQJIeMI1Ha sa AOAaTHI1 o6pa6oTKI1.--- -------- ---~ -- ----- -

.lIaMeCTO Aa ceJIee pacTou cHIfOT tICJIHK BO MOJIAOBIf, TOj MO~~)l;a .cc_Bo1UCBO

MaUl/ l/ta.311 K OfiW llflY0.llHO .r1~0 K.OHr~HYaJIHoTQ.JIe.elh~_AI1rC_KTHO ce A06I1Ba'l..T- pa3HH BI1AOBI1 np~ch I1JIIf , KaKO: L1JIfUKIf , nJIOtIll ,._K9If ~e n0 I!..0roAeH 0AJII1BOK ' l a

nOHaTaMOIliHaTa 06pa6 oTKa - BaJIatb.cJ".Q:.E AcH TaKOB nporpan e MaCI1BHa umr rxa T.H.- . ---- .. _ --

16

CAa6. flo craprysan.ero aa MalIlHHaTa sa KOHTHH)'aJIHO neea.e 'IeJtHKOT ce nee BO---.renpeKHHaT TOK BO MHory AJta60K xan an. Kananor ce JtaAH H rroapunnrara na

'IeJtHKOT 6p10 ce CTBpAH)'Ba TaKa WTO tleJtHKOT OA AHOTO na KaJIanOT e co !.\BpCTHSHAOBH, HaKO aerosara BHaTpeIIlHOCT e ce yurre re-raa. l.JeJtHt-IHHOT npauepox cesne-re KOHTHH)'aJlHO OA xananor H IIoAJte)J(H na nOHaTaMOWHO nanea,e co MJta3 BOAaIIJtH B03AYX UITO I~lIpKyJtHPU, H 0A Hero ce orcexysaar cJta60BH. Co uen na ce1116erHe cnerrysan.ero, KaJtalIOT OCQHJtHpa BepTHKaJIHO.

AKO He e np HMeHeTO KOHTHH)'aJtHO neerse, no CTBpAH)'BalheTO MOJtAOBHTe ceAeMOHTHpaaT OA cBOHTe xanann H ce TpaHclIopTHpaaT BO AJta6HHcKH nesxn, xane ce3aAP)J(YBaaT aa yHHepopMHa TeMIl epaTypa aa lIpHMapHO sanaa,e BO cJta60BH.

M oJtAOBIITe He ce norornra rpopa a aa ynorpeoa. 3aToa e nOTpe6HO HHBHOnpoqianapaa,e BO rpopa a noronaa sa nOHaTaMOWHa ynorpefia,

flpHMapHOTO sanarse e npouec na np eraoparse aa MOJtAoBHTe BO nporpananoronaa aa xpajaara 06pa60TKa (aanp., cJta60BH).

flo npHMapHOTO TOIIJlO sanaa.e cnena ceKYHAapHO aarpeaats e BO nOTHcHHne'lKH. ana AOAaTHO 3arpeBalhe e Heonx oAHo 3a Aa ce nOAr OTBaT cJta60BHTe 3aqmHaJIHaTa 06pa60TKa.

~IIHaJtHaTa 06pa60TKa nr-e~c.'(aBy'Ba Jtap,H_O B~~'!..!!& JI C~..s...9CTOH_no ..np_oepHJlli­paise co KOH.etIHH-AHMeH~~Bp~~a co TOtIHH MeTaJIypw KH cBojf!!a (nanp.,

- 'I eJtHtleH JtHM, WHnKH, nJtOtIll HTH.) . - --_.

. OA KycHOT onnc, MO)J(e na ce cornena nexa aa ycneumo paoorea,e aatleJtWlapHHQaTa H ocraapyaaa,e ua npOH3BOAH co A06ap KBaJIHTeT, aeonxornro eMepelheTO H peryJtHpalheTO aa BeJtHtUfHH KaKO WTO ce: iileMll e aiuypu, iipuiiiucouu,HlU30a, iipoiliollY, ilieJIC.J.lli.Jt,.. iioiiioa KOHilip OAa Ha OU.MeH3UlllUe Ha II 0~e U.ifepe ii. aHa oetienuuu. flOKpaf OEia, nOTpe6HH ce H peryJlHpalha H. MepeH:aHil

KOiIiieHTpaIiHi1, -WTOce BpWH natiopar opncxa,Cnopen Toa yupaeyeau.eiii o e HeOllXOOHO 60 upu aiii a ueiuanypruja.

.......:J...a._...o6f!...~eiii(l.[ly{!.luja e Kar-aKTepI:!cTH'IHO To.a_ WTO aajnpso npenronea.ero aa pYAHTe ce npaveayaa LipOlWC f.H!_cjJ.:!!:Ollla/{'!J~. .lPJJoiiiaquj !liiia e iipouec-:i"aOM)eA)' £Ul..lQe::J Ia_ o..6C-P) J.{)1l U/lUO 60 iiJ!uQ ooalua ce uaoiaaiu cuetuauu. .. AKoOM~y~~~;TO HacTaHYBa aa T~ HatIllH IlIT; HeKo.!! M~.replm ..llJIltB~aT-Bo"::-o6n HK Ha

....-. ' - -- ---- ----- -nena , a npyra TOHaT, 1"JJtOTaQHjaTa e nape-reaa cjJAoiUalluj a co ii eneu.e. Co TaKOB BHA--~ - --- - -- - - -rpnor auaja 0 )WIHO ce H3BJteKyBa MHHepaJtHaTa KOMnOHeHTa aa 6aKapOT CUzS oncyp oBaTa pYAa. 8 0 osoj npouec, qm HIITe tJeCTHlIKH pyna WTO-nr-ooAP)J(aT caxamrreMeTaJlHH coenaaeanja ce cnoj ys aar co pear eaca KOH HMaaT arpaaarer aa cosnaaaa,enOBpWHHCKH cnoj OA neua. Florea OBOj 60raT cnoj ce onnoj yaa on MacaTa MaTepHll.

Fl oQecoT Ha rpnorauaj a e 3aBHceH OA ronea aaara aa lI eCTH'IKHTe, COCTaBOT_Ha _pYAa~a _H ip~3HtJKHTe "KapaKTepHCTHKH "iIa "pYAaTa, KaKO H oA pl-l-rpaxropot-,

_TeMnepaTypaTa, npeMeTL Ha 3aAP)J(YBalhe H OAHOCHTe aa ..~~~HTe co pynara... Toneuunaiiia ua -ceciuu-ucui iie, cociiiaeoiii U qJU.JUl.fKutTte tcapax iiiepuciiiuxu ua

pyoaiua iipeiiiciiiaeyeaaiii uapyuty ea-ocu eenuuuuu, ()ooeKa pH..diaxtuopoiu, iiieuiie..paiiiypaiiia, epeu eiiio ua saopncyean.e II oonocuiiie ua pea iencuiue co pyoaiiia ceeenu-utuu «ou .MOJlCmU aa ce AW11l1lIyJllIl}(1111U ,JI1 oa ce iipou euaiu cjJJlOLila/{uoHUlueOOHOCU U saiiioa iipeiuciiiaeyeaaiii JHGlilIiiYAllluwml1 eenuuuuu.

r JtaBeH lIeKop BO TonelheTO 6aKap e npeTBopalheTo Ha 6aKapHOTO AB~HO

coenaaeane (FeS CUzS) BO "fiaxap co racnn sreypa" co lIHCTOTa on OKOJty 99% . 80

osoj npouec ce O)],BHBaaT )],Be KJl)'qHH peaxuaa - npeTBOpalhe aa FeS co CeJIeKTHBHaOKCH)J,aQHj a BO FeO H rpopsrapaa,e sa arypa; H aropara peaxnaja - penyxuajara aaCUzS BO pacronea fiaxap. 3 a HOpMaJIHO onsaaaa,e aa osoj npouec nOTpe6HO e )J,a ceonpacysa )],06pa KOHTpOJIa aa TeMneparypaTa H )],06po na ce npenaanar fiapatsara aaa)],HTHBH aa epopMHpalhe Ha.3rypaTa.

0)], H3JIO)KeHHBe TeXHOJIOllIKH npoueca, j acao e nexa HCKpCuyBaaT HH3anp06JIeMH 0)], )J,OMeHOT aa ynpasysaa.er o, nopana norpetiara aa perynaparse HMepelhe aa MHOry BeJIHqHHH, a BO KOH aaasaj ao MeCTO MO)Ke )J,a saaeaeOlilUiUll.!1Il110iU cueiiia-c

DPAlliAIbA 3A DOBTOPYBAIbE 11 YTBPAYBAIbE:

1. llITO e TeXHOJIOIllKH npouec H cnopen KOHKapaKTepHCTHKH MOlKe na ce aanpaaa HHBHaKJIacHq)HKa~Hja?

2. KaKBH TOKOBH cpesasaue BOTeXHOJIOIllKHTe nponeca?3. Hasena rrpaa epa aa HeKOJIKY TeXHOJIOWKH npon eca H nponecaa BeJIHqHHH KOH r a

xapaxrepasapaar HCTHTe !4. OnHIllH enea TeXHOJIOIllKH npouec 0):1 xeMHCKaTa HHl1yCTpHja!5. K OHce OCHOBHHTe TeXHOJIOlliKH npoueca BOaarp reaara HH):IyCTpHja?6. Hasena ra OCHOBHHTe npoue ca WTO ce cpexasaar BO npexpaaeeaar a HH):IyCTpHja H

aaxyco onaura ro TeKOT na ):I06HBaH.e 6paWH O 0):1 3pHOTO -ns eaaua ):10acrropaxyaaa.erol

7. Co nOMOIll aa 6JIOKOBCKH naja rpa v npOCJIe):lH ro TeKOT aa MJIeKOTO O~ MeCTOTO aa.npauas,e ):10 acrropa syaas-e r o BOMJIeKapCKaTa HHl1yCTpHj a!

8. K OH epa3H ce KapaKTepHCTH'lHH BO np one cor aa npOH3Bo):lCTBO aa qeJIHK?

18