kodak amsd mirror development programtake pictures. further. 4 advanced mirror system demonstrator...
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1
Kodak AMSD Mirror Development Program
Gary MatthewsManager, Image Collection SystemsEastman Kodak Company
April 11, 2003
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2 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Kodak AMSD Industry Team
Eastman Kodak CompanyMirror system design and manufacture
Integration and test
Moog, Schaeffer Magnetics DivisionForce actuator development and manufacture
Composite Optics IncorporatedLTF and LTS furnace facilities
Reaction structure fabrication
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3 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Next Generation Optical Systems
Next generation optical systems will need ultra-lightweight adaptive optics
Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST)
Space Based Laser (SBL)
Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF)
Advanced Mirror Systems Demonstrator (AMSD) addresses these needs
Provides ultra-lightweight adaptive mirror technology and manufacturing assessment
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4 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Semi-Rigid Mirror Approach
Kodak’s concept for active mirror technologyUltra-lightweight semi-rigid cored mirror with sparse force actuators
Very different than high density, displacement actuator approach
Kodak built and demonstrated semi-rigid approach in 1989 on a 2.5 meter testbedThe AMSD joint venture allows concept to be updated using latest technology
System phase and figure control to visible tolerances over long periods of time completed
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5 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Semi-Rigid Concept
Fabricate a high performance classical stiff mirror with good wavefrontquality
Reduce the weight to enable larger systems
Reduce stiffness versus passive wavefront control systems to allow figure control
Separation of Phase and Figure control are key features of Kodakarchitecture
Force actuators control figureSoft spring provides forgiving interface to mirrorInsensitive to small motions of reaction structureForce feedback can be used between optical updates for figure maintenance
Three displacement actuators control phase
Displacement based system. Mirror follows reaction structure
Force Feedback based system. Mirror isolated from reaction structure
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6 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Figure Control
Actuator array provide figure control for on-orbit aberrationsPower – Driven by global temperature changes
Astigmatism – First mode aberration always shows up
Trefoil – Mount induced errors with respect to reaction structure instabilities
Sparse actuator array combined with rigid mirror provides correction for on-orbit errorsConcept also provides other key advantages
Fewer degrees of freedom required in the wavefront sensing scheme
Lower system overhead due to fewer actuators
1-g verification is easier due to stiffer mirror system
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7 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Figure Control Concept
Each force actuator causes a global influence function over the surface of the mirror
Unit influence functions derived analytically in MSC/NASTRAN to be used by figure control algorithm
Center actuator influence contour
Corner actuator influence contour
Outer edge actuator influence
contour
Middle actuator influence contour
Denotes location being actuated. Analysis/test repeated as required for all actuator locations.
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8 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Figure Control Concept
Influence function matrix used with respect to the observed wavefront error to minimize mirror figure error
Typically use RMS wavefront but any definable algorithm could be used
Radius of curvature handled independently of figure error
Use of forces versus displacement feedback provides deterministic and repeatable results
Instabilities in reaction structure are negated with force feedbackA force is a force is a force
No optical data required until next figure control update
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9 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
AMSD Design ApproachAMSD program goals
provide a mirror system design traceable to large deployable systems
provide a single mirror system design that meets AMSD requirements at both ambient & cryogenic operational temperatures
Telescope system architectureOptical control
provides excellent correction for radius and low order aberrations while minimizing the number of actuators
Dynamic controlprovides sufficient stiffness to stay within capture range of dynamic controls while minimizing system weight
Manufacturing and test capabilitiesOptical test
provides means for gravity off-loading during telescope level optical testOptical fabrication
provides a mirror which is manufacturable within a reasonable schedule and cost
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10 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Actuator Locations Traded
Mount positions maximize first mode of mirrorActuator trades
10 configurations as shown and rotated 30 deg
wavefront correction factors and surface slope recovered for each case
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11 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Actuator Location Trade Results
7 actuators excellent ROC & figure control
99.6% ROC correction>96% low order figure correction
vertical axis test slope & B.O. are too large for traceable 1-g test
horizontal axis test OK
16 actuatorsexcellent ROC & figure correction
good vertical axis test parametersslope 4 micro-radB.O. uncertainty 2.4nm rmsgravity error 0.016 λrms (λ=3µm)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 4 7 10 13 16
Number of Actuators
Figu
re C
orre
ctio
n (p
erce
nt rm
s)
Pow er
Astigmatism
Trefoil
Moments at Mounts
Actuator Quantity Trades: FigureCorrectability vs. Number of Actuators
16 actuators selected for AMSD baseline(driven by need for traceable 1-g test support)
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12 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Sensitivity to Actuator Failure
AMSD design is very tolerant of actuator failuredue to use of low stiffness force actuators
Correctability vs. Actuator Failure
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Faile
d A
ctua
tor N
o.
Correctability [1-(outputrms/inputrsm)]x100
TrefoilAstigmatismPower
None1 2
3
54
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13 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
AMSD Mirror System Overview
Ultra-lightweight stiff ULE™ mirror (sandwich construction)Stable composite reaction structure (Composite Optics Incorporated)Force Actuators (Moog SchaefferMagnetics Division)Single design for AMSD ambient & cryo
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14 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Description
[34.29]1.350
1.4m x 3.65cm11.18 kg (7.65 kg/m2)fn = 151 Hz free Construction
All ULE™ glass
Segmented core
Abrasive waterjet cut core elements
Low temp fusion
Low temp slumping
21 parts total2 face plates
13 full-hex core segments
6 half-hex core segments
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15 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Design Features
Process mirror blank as a flat using inexpensive plano processing techniquesFabricate mirror blank using small repetitive parts
Reduces processing risk prior to mirror fusion when the parts are fragile
Parts can easily be replaced prior to fusion
Once fused, the mirror blank is very robust
A
AA
A
AA
A
AA
B
B B
CC
C C
C C
B
SegmentRequirements
9 – A’s4 – B’s6 – C’s
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16 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Waterjet Cut Mirror Cores
Mirror core segment shown to the left.
Close-up view of the vent holes in the core cells shown below. Note that the cover glass is still in place.
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17 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Facesheet Status
Face sheets completed using standard methodsProcessed as roundels through Blanchard, grind and polish
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18 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Facesheet Status
After polishing, facesheets cut into hex shape and break edge added
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19 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Assembly Operations
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20 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
AMSD Blank
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21 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Plate Thinning
• After fusion, plates require thinning to reduce weight
• AMSD plates are thinned in Kodak’s Large Machining Center
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22 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Back Plate Polishing
• Back plate is shined prior to slumping into an asphere
• No further processing required on back plate
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23 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Mirror Blank Prior to Slumping
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24 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Aspheric Generation
Off-Axis Generation Machine (OAG) used to impart finalasphere onto AMSD mirror
10 micron P-V surface generated
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25 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Small Tool Grind and Polish
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26 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Optical Testing
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27 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Full Aperture - Figure Convergence
Post-Ion #2Surface Figure2.4 waves P-V
0.34 waves RMSRoC 9999.988mm
Post-Ion #3Surface Figure1.05 waves P-V
0.06 waves RMSRoC 10,000.003mmHeNe
Post-Ion #1Surface Figure4.9 waves P-V
0.63 waves RMSRoC 10,000 mm
Post BlockingSurface Figure19 waves P-V
3.5 waves RMSRoC 10,000 mm
OAGM
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28 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Actuators
All actuators have been delivered from MoogCryo testing has demonstrated acceptable performance
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29 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Reaction Structure
Reaction structure has been delivered from COIAssembly weights about 8 poundsStructure cryocycled at XRCF
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30 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Final Integration and Test
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31 Advanced Mirror System Demonstrator ProgramAdvanced Mirror System Demonstrator Program
Evolution of Lightweight Optics
Kodak has continued to develop technology to reduce theareal density of mirrors and optical systems
Cryo test results will be available in mid-May