KNR 273

Definition of Profession /History of TR

Overview

Questions about syllabus

Definition of profession

History of TR

What is a Profession?

A skilled profession performed for pay Requires extensive education Altruistic calling to meet a public need & to

profession Professional organization as major

reference Follows a code of ethics and standards of

practice Base practices on acceptable & scientific

theories & principles

What is a Profession?

Body of knowledge Theory History Technical knowledge

TR Knowledge

Know-how Technical knowledge (documentation,

programming) Know-what

Purposes of TR Know-why

Theory Know-whether Moral judgment, ethics

Know-who

A TR Professional…

Continues to grow and learn Follows the TR process Services based on a practice model Uses evidence-based practice Provides professional service &

community service Contributes to the body of

knowledge

History of TR

Why study the history of TR?

Knowing roots of a profession is critical to understand the present & shape the future Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995)

TR History

Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995) Since the dawn of time 1800-1935: Prenatal 1935-1965: Birth and Infancy 1966-1980: Childhood 1981-1990: Adolescence 1991-present: Young Adulthood

1800-1935: Prenatal

Health care reform Phillippe Pinel – moral treatment Benjamin Rush – therapeutic value of

recreation for psychiatric clients Florence Nightingale – humanitarian

institutional reform Development of a public & private

hospital system Dorthea Dix – more institutions to decrease

overcrowding in jails

1800-1935 (Cont.)

Rise of playground movement Industrial Revolution Luther Gulick – YMCA Joseph Lee – Playground Assoc. of America

Recreation as a tool in rehabilitation Lincoln State School and Colony in IL – study

that folks with DD made better adjustment with play activities

American Red Cross - WWI

1935-1965: Birth & Infancy

WWII & Red Cross Recreation programs in hospitals Provide meaningful recreation for pleasure and

enjoyment Recreation for all End

Menninger Clinic Recreation as treatment or therapy Treat or remediate illness or disability Means to end

1935-1965 (Cont.)

1948: Hospital Recreation Section (HRS) of American Recreation Society

1952: Recreation Therapy Section of American Association for Health, PE, and Recreation

1953: National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART)

1953: Council for Advancement of Hospital Recreation

1935-1965 (Cont.)

1956: Voluntary Registration Plan 1955-1959: 1st textbooks Educational programs also began in

this period 1963: “Therapeutic Recreation”

term used

1966-1980: Childhood

1965: National Recreation and Park Association

1966: National Therapeutic Recreation Society

1967: Therapeutic Recreation Journal started

1971: 1st Midwest Symposium on TR 1976: NRPA/AALR set standards for TR

curricula

1981-1990: Adolescence

1981: National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

1982: NTRS Philosophical Position Statement

1984: American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA)

1987: ATRA Philosophical Statement Modified therapy

1990-Present: Young Adulthood

1987: NCTRC job analysis 1990: 1st NCTRC exam 1993: ATRA try to change to ARTA

American Recreation Therapy Assoc.

1998: Alliance for Therapeutic Recreation

1999: Crisis in higher education – not enough PhDs

1990-Present: Young Adulthood

2005: Therapeutic Recreation Education Conference

2007: ARTA voted down in 2009 2009: ATRA definition with

controversy

Ch..Ch..Changes

2010: NRPA changes…branches? Networks?

NOW 1 national professional organization

ATRA NPRA: Inclusion Network

TR History

What are your thoughts?