Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council

Historic Environment Strategy

This document has been written by

Knowsley Metropolitan Borough CouncilDRESPO Box 26Archway RoadHuytonKnowsley L36 9FB

www.knowsley.gov.uk

Adopted 11 July 2013

Executive Summary 5

PART ONE1. Background 72. Introduction 93. Historic Environment and Heritage as a Catalyst 114. Definition and Scope 125. Aims and objectives 146. Knowsley’s Historic Built Environment as a Resource 157. Archaeology, Geology and Topography 178. Archaeology by District 189. Heritage Assets 2110. Strategic Fit and Heritage Policy Context 22

PART TWOIssues and Actions 24Understanding 24Positive Actions 24Developing Partnerships 25Best Practice 26

ACTION PLANA. Historic Buildings 27B. Conservation Areas 29C. Historic Environment Records/Archaeology 31D. Historic Parks, Gardens, Graveyards and Landscapes 32E. Funding and Resource Management 33F. Working with Others 34G. Local Planning Policy and Practice 35H. Corporate Responsibility 37I. Skills 39J. Information, Education, Access, Promotion and Marketing 40

Contents

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ACTION PLAN TABLE 42

FURTHER READING 49

GLOSSARY 51

APPENDICESAppendix 1 List of Designated Heritage Assets 52

Appendix 2 Conservation Areas in Knowsley 56List of Designated Historic Parks and Gardens 57List of Historic Graveyards - None designated 57

Appendix 3 Case Studies: Former and Existing - Heritage 58Led Projects in Knowsley

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Executive Summary

The purpose of this document is to set out acomprehensive and integrated HistoricEnvironment Strategy for Knowsley to formthe basis for conservation and heritageactivities in the Borough from 2013 to 2018and establish principles to be followed in thelonger term.

Knowsley has a unique heritage which shouldbe preserved and enhanced for present andfuture generations. The strategy advocates aholistic and joined up approach to themanagement of the Borough’s historic assets.The delivery of the strategy will require apartnership approach between the Council, its partners and key stakeholders.

The main focus of this strategy is on physicalheritage such as buildings, monuments,settlements, landscapes, archaeology, parks,open spaces, maps and archives. In addition itrecognises other, less tangible characteristicswhich help to form Knowsley’s localdistinctiveness and identity that also make asignificant contribution to the Borough’scultural and natural heritage. The historicenvironment is a valuable asset which can

contribute to broader strategic objectivessuch as economic development, urbanregeneration, good urban design and townplanning, tourism, leisure, recreation, culturaland community development; provision offormal and informal education, developmentof skills, and sustainability. This strategy aimsto help define, reinforce and bring thesediverse aspects together.

The document is in two parts:

Part One sets out the background andachievements of Conservation in Knowsley. It defines the scope, aims and objectives,outlines Knowsley’s heritage resources anddescribes the links between this documentand other strategies.

Part Two addresses key issues and proposed actions.

The overall objective of the strategy is:

“to ensure that appropriate understanding,recognition and consideration is given to thehistoric environment and heritage assets ofKnowsley so that they may continue to bepreserved, enhanced, utilised and accessiblefor present and future generations”.

Historic Environment Strategyfor Knowsley

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The aims of the strategy are:

• To identify, recognise and have an understanding of the nature of Knowsley’s historic environment and its heritage assets.

• To raise awareness of Knowsley’s heritage and issues surrounding its management.

• To actively promote the role and opportunities presented by conservationand heritage in terms of the wider regeneration and economic development of the Borough and provide a framework for investment.

• To promote best practice with regard to stewardship, advice, education, policy and project implementation at a local, regional and national level.

• To develop existing and new audiences,learning initiatives and promote partnership working between public, private and voluntary sectors.

• To promote positive action and develop initiatives that secure the future and ensure the preservation and enhancement of Knowsley's heritage assets.

• To foster continued use, enjoyment and access to the Borough’s diverse heritage assets and ensure it contributes positively to quality of life today and for future generations.

Four key themes underpin the HistoricEnvironment Strategy:Understanding, Positive Action, DevelopingPartnerships and Promoting Best Practice

Key action areas have been developed fromthese themes and are included in an actionplan with short, medium and long term targetsto be developed, monitored and reviewed inlight of available resources. This will inform

funding priorities and assist external fundingbodies to clearly understand futureconservation and heritage priorities inKnowsley. In summary the key actionscontained in the strategy are:

• the promotion of and adherence to best practice

• improved corporate working

• improved communication and developing partnerships with external groups

• enhanced access to information and advice

• continuing development of links with formal and informal heritage education

• improving access to assets and new audiences

• action to preserve, enhance and regenerate the historic environment

• promote heritage activity and a positive image of Knowsley

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1. Background

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Part One

The purpose of this document is to set out a comprehensive and integrated HistoricEnvironment Strategy for Knowsley. The strategy is concerned with the planning,development, regeneration and managementissues affecting Knowsley’s historicenvironment. It also recognises heritage in itsbroader sense such as museums andgalleries, archives and collections, or localtraditions and festivals. In some cases theCouncil is responsible for the managementand promotion of these assets, but in manycases they are owned or managed by privateor voluntary sector groups and organisations.

The Council has been successful at securingsubstantial levels of external funding forheritage-led regeneration activities and hassupported these projects through its owncapital programme. These projects have beenmanaged and delivered to an exceptionallyhigh and exemplary standard, a feature thathas been recognised by external fundingagencies and professional institutions as oneof Knowsley’s key strengths.

Changing national policy, changes tolegislation, limited resources and funding

opportunities dictate that in the future clearpriorities must be established both in terms ofdeveloping the Council’s own heritage projectsas well as providing support for projects led byothers. It is therefore necessary for the HistoricEnvironment Strategy to provide a clearframework for investment in the Borough’sheritage over the next few years. As futureapplications are made for external funding, aclear strategy will send an important messageto funding bodies that the Council has a clearvision, established priorities and a frameworkfor implementation in place.

In key areas of conservation projects, theCouncil has an enviable track record namely:

• The Restoration of Historic Crosses, Milestones and Landmarks Project (Heritage Lottery Fund and KMBC) RHCML 2006 - 2008

• The Conservation Skills and Interpretation Project (Heritage Lottery Fund and KMBC) CSIP 2008 - 2011

• The securing of £1.8 million of Heritage Lottery Funded investment for The Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI) 2013 - 2018

Such high quality ‘conservation throughregeneration’ work has received considerablepraise and this has been recognisednationally. Knowsley Council wishes toexpand its success presenting a proactiveapproach to conservation and heritage activityacross the Borough. It is important that thisstrategy develops new and existing links toeconomic development and regeneration.

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The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsleycomprises of small towns, suburbs andcountryside, lying to the east of Liverpool.It takes its name from the village of Knowsley,though the main townships are Huyton,Prescot, Kirkby, Stockbridge Village andWhiston. The rest of the Borough is in themain open countryside, punctuated by smallrural villages such as Cronton and TarbockVillage and Tarbock Green. The Borough’srural and semi-rural fringes are an importantenvironmental asset that is complemented byan extensive network of green spaces withinthe urban environment.

Each of the urban areas within the Boroughhas its own particular historic backgroundand characteristics which has a rich, variedand unique history. Since the formation ofKnowsley in 1974 the evolution of the Boroughcontinues to be relevant to people living withinand outside the Borough and its history andheritage act to shape people’s lives and thelandscape around them. The historicenvironment plays an increasingly central rolein the delivery of a range of public policyobjectives including education, economicdevelopment, sustainable growth, urbanregeneration, cultural development, andsupporting local communities. The historicenvironment also underpins many successfulprojects aimed at improving quality of life,transforming areas, empowering local

community groups and creating a better andmore sustainable environment.

Heritage provides ‘roots’, a sense of placeand local identity; it can provide a focus forengagement and discussion. It can establisha basis for a range of activities includingeconomic, cultural, social and environmentaland provide a basis or vision for the ‘futurehistory’ of a community. Engagement in thehistoric environment, heritage and inconservation offers a wide range of education,training and skills development opportunities.

Heritage assets are a fragile and finiteresource. Each has its own intrinsic value and may come under a variety of pressures.To ensure they are sustained for the enjoymentof future generations there is a need forcollective responsibility for their care andstewardship. This requires an understandingof the nature and value of our heritage assetsin order to ensure that any decision makingand proposed changes positively preserve orenhance their unique value.

The value of the historic environment isenshrined in national government policy andlegislation. This is articulated by localgovernment policy and practice, supported bylocal amenity groups and expressed in thepopularity of historic buildings and places inthe public mind.

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2. Introduction

Knowsley’s historic environment comprises ofhistoric buildings that are of nationalimportance and are therefore designated as aheritage asset or listed building, or buildingsthat have a strong local importance and are alocal heritage asset. Conservation Areas aredesignated because they are recognisable as areas of heritage significance thebuildings, boundary walls, landscapes viewsand vistas contribute to a unique and valuedhistoric environment.

Museum and gallery collections are animportant part of heritage. These collectionsare an irreplaceable learning resource forpresent and future generations and it is thefundamental duty of Knowsley Council to actas guardians of this heritage, providingopportunities for people to engage with themuseum collections and ensure they are asrich, diverse and inspiring as they canpossibly be. Whilst this strategy respects thevalue of collections in relation to heritage itprimarily reflects the value and needs of thebuilt environment.

The range of benefits and opportunities whichrelate to the Borough’s unique historicenvironment and heritage assets are set outbelow. It is only through careful management,protection and investment in themaintenance, repair and adaptation of thoseassets that these substantial benefits cancontinue to be realised.

Heritage: is used to refer to the values thatpeople attach to particular buildings, cultureplaces and events. These heritage assetsmake a significant contribution to localidentity and distinctiveness. They help toenhance the quality of our lives through theircontribution to the local environment, culture,education and leisure.

Conservation: refers to the active process of management of these heritage assets. It often involves striking a balance betweenpreservation and sympathetic alteration inorder to ensure the long term survival of ahistoric building area or structure.

Preservation: refers to the process ofmaintaining the essential character and fabricof a heritage asset in an unaltered state inorder to prevent its decay or destruction.

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RegenerationHeritage assets and the wider historicenvironment are key elements in theregeneration of urban areas facilitating theiraspirations to 21st century needs and helpingthe transformation of failing areas into thrivingsustainable communities, creating placeswhere people choose to work live and visit.

Urban Design Quality and VarietyThe historic environment provides locallydistinctive design, superior urban design,legible townscapes, mixed use, greatervariety of urban forms and quality publicrealm. It provides a basis for understandingarchitectural design and urban morphology.It makes a positive contribution to the built environment and creates a stimulus for creative and innovative new designs and styles.

Urban RenaissanceHeritage assets and the wider historicenvironment are a catalyst for the re-vitalisation of urban areas and thedevelopment of new housing markets hashelped to accommodate new uses andfacilitate economic diversification. Historic buildings, in office or domestic use, deliver consistently higher yields and values than other buildings.

Economic Development and TourismHistoric places, buildings, events andactivities and a high quality environment canmaximise economic development, it projectsa positive image attracting additional jobs,investment and tourism.

Sustainable Use of ResourcesThe conservation and refurbishment of thehistoric environment, especially historicbuildings, is a sustainable form of

development. It avoids the use and waste ofscarce resources associated with demolitionand new build development. It retains theskills associated with the original constructionof the historic building.

Traditional Skills and EducationThe historic built environment providesopportunities for traditional skills to be taughtto trades people in the construction industry.Particular skills, knowledge and experienceare required to manage, maintain, repair andalter heritage assets in a manner thatconserves their value for future generations.The repair and maintenance of the historicfabric is a niche market where specialist skillsare required by tradesmen to undertakenappropriate works. Archives, libraries andheritage sites provide a tangible resourcecreating a better understanding of our past.

Local Distinctiveness, Pride andCommunitiesInvestment in historic places andunderstanding through archaeology helps tosupport local communities, preserve localdistinctiveness and identity and promote localpride. The regeneration of the historicenvironment is more successful than largescale redevelopment. It fulfils the needs oflocal communities, maintaining local cultural,social and economic diversity and placespecific identity.

Intrinsic ValueThe historic environment has intrinsic value asthe fabric of human achievement in design,architecture and construction. There is a dutyto conserve the historic built environment andit is the embodiment of our culture and is thephysical representation of the progress andsuccession of humanity in our environment.

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3. Historic Environment andHeritage as a Catalyst

The scope of conservation and heritage isvery wide ranging and can mean a variety ofthings to different people and organisations.The terms ‘conservation’ and’ heritage’embrace history in all its forms from buildings,spaces, art and artefacts to natural heritagesuch as flora and fauna and cultural heritagesuch as customs and traditions, all aspects ofwhich can help to explain the past and give amore rounded understanding of Knowsleyand its environs.

The focus of this strategy will concentrate onthe built heritage such as monuments,buildings, settlements, landscapes, parks,archaeology, open spaces, statuary, artefacts,and archives. It will also however makereference to less tangible aspects such as theoral tradition, festivals, dance, music etc, butrecognise that though these local traditionsare an important part of the mix, they cansometimes fall outside the direct influence ofthis type of strategy. It also needs to refer toother aspects which contribute to a widerKnowsley’s cultural and natural heritage butwill not directly focus on them.

Knowsley’s integrated Historic EnvironmentStrategy embraces a wide definition andscope. The terms ‘conservation’ and‘heritage’ is are also used in association withpolicies and action affecting the naturalenvironment (flora, fauna, geology etc) andthe cultural heritage (art, local history andtraditions, etc) which can and do have strongassociations and relationships with thehistoric environment, though these are not theprimary focus of this strategy.

The focus will therefore be on: • Conservation Areas • Listed buildings, both local and

statutory • Historic Parks and Gardens • Historic landscapes • Archaeological sites • Monuments• War memorials• Public art and statues • Locally distinctive places

One of the key challenges for the historicenvironment sector is how differentcommunities can be enabled to explore whatthey value about their heritage, which is notalways comparable with what mighttraditionally have been emphasised by thesector itself.

Heritage can refer to numerous assets belowis just an example of some of the assets thatcould be covered by the term heritage.

i. Site’s, structures or buildings relating to past economic activity such as agriculture, milling, potteries, mining, quarrying watch making, tool making, textiles, cables, brick making, breweries and munitions etc.

ii. Sites structures or buildings that illustrate the historic evolution of commerce and trade in the Borough, markets, shops, banks, offices, commercial buildings, public houses and hotels etc.

iii. Sites structures or buildings relating to the historic evolution of the Boroughs transport network: routes, footpaths, roads, streets, milestones, canals, rivers, navigations, railways, highway surfaces, boundary walls, bridleways, toll houses and street furniture.

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4. Definition and Scope

iv. Sites structures and building relating to culture and cultural identity comprising of: places of worship, burial grounds, memorials, public art, locations of significant events public spaces (e.g parks, village greens and squares) public buildings (e.g schools, law and order libraries town halls, places of entertainment) etc. This category includes anything that reflects past ways of life and society.

v. Sites, structures and buildings relating to the aristocracy and nobility including manor houses, halls, tenant properties, stables alms houses, associated place names (ie Knowsley and Sefton).

There are examples of organic and naturalheritage such as trees, hedgerows,topographical outcrops and water features.Less physical and tangible heritage includemyths, stories, song and dance definingviews, vistas and skylines.

As can be seen above, the scope of heritagecan be very wide, but the emphasis of thestrategy will necessarily need to focus onheritage assets where the Council has a directrole and responsibility and some influence inthe decision making or management process.The strategy will also seek to positivelyinclude or make reference to private andvoluntary sector owned or influenced assetsand activities and highlight the Council’s rolein encouraging and supporting these. Thestrategy recognises that management andownership responsibilities for heritage assetsare often complex and shared amongst manybodies, organisations and individuals.

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The overall objective of the strategy is:

“to ensure that appropriate understanding,recognition and consideration is given to theheritage assets of Knowsley so that they maycontinue to be preserved, enhanced, utilisedand accessible for present and futuregenerations”.

The Historic Built Environment Strategy doesnot set out to preserve the Borough’s heritageassets ‘in aspic’ rather it aims to promote thedynamic and proactive use of those resourcesto enhance the Borough’s environment andthe quality of life for those who live, work orvisit here and contributes to the widerMerseyside/ North West offer.

The aims of the strategy are set out belowAims:

• To identify, recognise and have an understanding of the nature of Knowsley’s heritage assets.

• To raise awareness of Knowsley’s heritage and issues surrounding its management.

• To actively promote the role and opportunities presented by conservation, the built environment and heritage in terms of the wider regeneration and economic development of the Borough and provide a framework for investment.

• To promote best practice with regard to stewardship, advice, education, policy and project implementation at a local, regional and national level.

• To develop existing and new audiences and learning initiatives and promote partnership working between public, private and voluntary sectors.

• To promote positive action and develop initiatives that secure the future and ensure the preservation and enhancement of Knowsley’s heritage assets.

• To promote continued use, enjoyment and access to the Borough’s diverse heritage assets and ensure it contributes positively to quality of life today and for future generations.

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5. Aims and Objectives

The historic built environment in Knowsley isrich and unique. In addition to the 122designated nationally important listedbuildings located around the Borough thereare a number of historically significanttownships and villages. These include:

Prescot is an old market town which followsthe traditional medieval burgage plot pattern.Prescot has a wealth of historic architectureincluding timber framed, sixteenth /seventeenth century, Georgian and Victorianbuildings. The town’s watch making andhorological past is evident in the streets andbuildings. The wire and cable making industryof BICC is strongly associated with the town.The town is also documented as having itsown Elizabethan theatre. The Council hasbeen awarded Heritage Lottery Funding forPrescot Conservation Area. The TownscapeHeritage Initiative is a five year programmewhich aims to revitalise and regenerate thetown utilising the historic environment as acatalyst and working in partnership with localstakeholders.

The Village of Cronton, dates from thethirteenth century and was renowned in thesixteenth century for its array of tool-workshops. The village has historic links tothe watch making industry of neighbouringPrescot. Localised architecture of sandstonebarns are in close proximity to the formerseventeenth century sandstone quarry of PexHill. Structures of note include Cronton Halland Cronton Cross.

Halewood Village retains the character of aVictorian village with its open aspects, greenareas and well spaced buildings. TheConservation Area includes an ecclesiasticalgroup of Victorian buildings located adjacentto an earlier inn and cottages. The area was

originally part of Hale, though the twotownships had separated by the turn of thecentury. Structures of note include the grade IISt Nicholas church and the Eagle and Childpublic house.

Knowsley Village is designated as an’outstanding’ conservation area. It is locatedwithin a rural setting and is typical of a historicvillage with its village green, wide openspaces and coppices of trees. The buildingscomprise of workers cottages, lodges andfarm houses and are characteristic of thevillage’s charm. As the area is so uniquecertain permitted development rights havebeen removed to protect the character of thevillage. Structures of note include the GradeII* St Marys Church and the Grade IIKnowsley Vicarage and the workers lodges.

Kirkby was significantly developed in the1950s with the clearance of areas such asScotland Road, Liverpool. However, certainareas of Kirkby have significant historicinterest, areas such as Old Hall Lane where itis believed a chapel existed around 870AD.The impressive Grade II* church of St Chadsbegan construction in 1869 and wasdesigned by the notable architects Paley andAustin. The introduction of the railways in themid to late 1800s changed the landscape ofKirkby significantly and several villas werebuilt in the new residential area called KirkbyPark. The rail network provided theopportunity for Liverpool businessmen to livein the unspoilt rural environment and this canbe seen in the buildings on Glovers Brow,South Park Road and North Park Road. Incontrast Ingoe Lane retains the impression ofa quiet enclave in a rural area. Its group ofVictorian buildings did include the former ‘Tileand Brick’ works which served the Croxtethestate of Lord Sefton.

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6. Knowsley’s Historic BuiltEnvironment as a Resouce

Huyton’s areas of significance include St.Michael’s Conservation Area which is locatedon a prominent hilltop site adjacent to theadministrative centre of the Borough. Itincludes the last remnants of the old villagecentre and is based on the twelfth century St.Michael’s Church. The neighbouring RobyConservation Area is a Victorian suburb and iscentred round the village green and StationRoad. Yet Roby is known to have had muchearlier settlement and is mentioned in theDoomsday book as Rabil an agriculturalvillage. Victoria Road and Huyton ChurchRoad are Victorian villa estate roads that weredeveloped after the opening of the railway.The houses were built in a variety of stylestypical of the period and there are some goodexamples of stucco, brick and cast iron work.The area has two attractive, neo-gothic,church buildings, the Huyton ReformedChurch and Park Hall which was built in 1856using stone from Huyton Quarry. The area ofHuyton known locally as the Orchard alsodeveloped with the introduction of the railway.Huyton College and its ancillary building havesince been converted to residential use yetthese building together with terrace onPinnington Place retains many of the historiccharacteristics.

Tarbock Green and Tarbock Village arepredominantly rural and are two settlementslocated adjacent to each other on the mainthoroughfare of Netherley Road. Tarbock isone of the oldest settlements on Merseyside,Tarbock and ‘Thorn Brook’ are mentioned inthe Doomsday Survey of 1086, though it isbelieved to have originated around Saxontimes. There is evidence of a seventeenthcentury inn and brewery house located on thesite of the current Brick Wall Inn.

Whiston the existing hospital is the site of theformer workhouse built in 1843 by RobertMorris and designed by William Culshaw ofLiverpool on land purchased at the corner ofthe Turnpike Road and Dragon Lane, Whiston

The historical ‘significance’ of Knowsley’sdifferent settlements as described above,provides a brief overview of the Borough’sConservation resource. It is by no means allencompassing and is intended to provide aflavour of the historical importance of theBorough. A more detailed archaeologicalassessment of Knowsley has been extractedfrom the Rural Fringes Report (R Cowell,2002)

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Merseyside occupies part of the low-lyingLancashire plain, its structure resulting fromthe formation of four ice-cut channels, alignedin a northwest to southeast direction withintervening low upland ridges. Post glacialdrift was then laid down around these ridges.Knowsley basically occupies one of these driftfilled glacial channels with higher sandstoneridges outside the district running throughKnowsley Park, Prescot and into Rainhill inthe St Helens District. Occasional sandstoneoutliers are found within the district in the westand southeast. The drift geology is mainlyboulder clay covering two thirds of the district.

The earliest (pre-conquest) settlementpatterns in the Knowsley landscape are visibleas dispersed farmsteads, vernacular cottagesand ribbon settlement. The residential areas(pre-conquest) in the Borough areconcentrated in three bands in the northern,central and south western parts of theBorough. A number of small villagesettlements have origins in the medievalperiod these include Knowsley, Kirkby,Cronton and Roby.

The only known medieval town in the districtis Prescot, the other medieval settlementsbeing little more than villages or hamlets.Prescot is an old market town which followsthe traditional medieval burgage plot pattern.Much of the plot layout and street pattern ofmedieval Prescot survives virtually intact.There are few early settlement cores ofsignificant size in the Borough. There ispotential for archaeological remains to befound at locations dating from the medievalperiod notably Roby, Huyton, Kirkby andPrescot. Other commercial cores in thedistrict were formed in the late post-medievalperiod (c1700 to 1851).

Recreational and ornamental land is generallyfound at the fringes of settlement in Knowsleyand includes several golf courses andrecreational grounds. Much of the Borough isdominated by Knowsley Park. HalewoodTriangle Park was created in an area of formerrailway cutting, lies at the western edge of theBorough.

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7. Archaeology, Geologyand Topography

Cronton was recorded as part of the Hundredof Warrington the township’s ownership canbe dated back to the twelfth century. The area of Pex Hill is recorded as commonland in the mid thirteenth-century and by1659there is evidence that this may not yet havebeen fully enclosed. From the seventeenthcentury onwards the township passed to anumber of freeholders, the most powerful ofwhom were the Wright family, who possessedthe Hall until the early nineteenth century.Cronton Hall (c1740), was restored in theVictorian period by the Wright family, butcontains some eighteenth century features(gates and posts). There are numerous post-medieval and later farm buildings,including Holly Farm House and Penny Lanefarm building (post medieval) which is a cruck building. Historic landmarks included amedieval Windmill which stood on Pex Hillunfortunately there are no extant remains onthe ground.

Halewood The distribution of moated sitesand dispersed farmsteads suggest thatHalewood was wooded during the medievalperiod. Several references to grants of landswith rights of common and to assart suggestdisafforestation probably started to take placein the thirteenth century and completed by thefourteenth century. Halewood Villagedeveloped along a linear stretch of road nowcalled Church Road and ended at a junctionwith Baileys Lane. Both seemed to developduring the latter part of the eighteenthcentury. However archaeological excavationsat Court Farm (2006) located within thesettlement core of the village revealed aRomano-British settlement and alsodemonstrated further evidence that lattersettlement occurred within the early and latermedieval period thus suggesting that thevillage area may have some form ofsettlement core from as early as the Iron Age.

Present landmarks include some buildingsthat date to the Post-medieval and earlyindustrial periods such as Wellbrook Farmand Wellbrook Cottage, Brook House Farm,Yew Tree Farm and Yew Tree House Farm.Historic landmarks include Olde Hutte themanorial seat of the Ireland family excavations had shown the moated site date to at least the early fourteenth century.Yew Tree House another medieval moatedsite demolished during a 1970s housingdevelopment was believed to be the huntinglodge of the Derby’s.

The Ford factory and the inner city move outof Liverpool during the 1960s brought masshousing and industry to the area.

Huyton is a fairly flat township the Church ofSt Michael stands on high ground in the northwest of the village. This is thought to be oneof the earliest Pre-Conquest sites in thedistrict of Knowsley. After the Conquest theparish was divided into Huyton Hey andWolfall. Wolfall passed in sections to thebarons of Halton and through them to theLathom Family. From the mid-thirteenthcentury there are records of permission beinggranted for ridings or clearance of woodlandfor agriculture. Map evidence suggestsformer medieval open fields to the east andwest of the historic core. Following theopening of the railway the area became a verydesirable place to live and this led to theconstruction of Victorian villas in the township.

Landmarks include Huyton Hey moatedmanor house (medieval) held by theHarrington family in the fourteenth century. St Michaels church (sixteenth century) muchaltered in the seventeenth, eighteenth andnineteenth centuries. The church is thoughtto have earlier origins. Other landmarksinclude Hazels (1764) a way marker(milestone) and Hurst House this is rebuild of

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8. Archaeology by District

a much earlier house now a golf club house,also Huyton Hall (c1830-50) was the firstbuilding of the Orchard Estate.

Historical landmarks worth mentioning datefrom the sixteenth century but demolished inthe 1960s include a post medieval water mill.This recorded on a number of maps includingthe Huyton and Knowsley map of 1777, theEarl of Derby’s estate map of 1785 andHuyton Tithe map 1830. Two spot findsinclude Neolithic axes which were foundsouth of Huyton the township and a Romano-British coin was located in thetownship. Other significant post medievalactivity includes, a post medieval barn standsin the area of Huyton Hey.

Roby The geology of the township is TriassicSandstone which outcrops in a few small areabut is mostly overlain by boulder clay. The settlement is a linear development alongRoby Road, centred on the junction withStation Road (formerly Twig Lane) and Carr Lane. Excavations in the present coresuggest it lies upon the late medieval core.Roby was granted Borough status in 1372,suggesting nucleated settlement by the latefourteenth century, and there is map andfieldname evidence to the north of thesettlement of open field. In the earlyfourteenth century the lords endeavoured toraise the standing of the township. In 1304 acharter was granted by the king allowing aweekly market and annual fair to Roby.

Present landmarks include St Bartholomewschurch (1875) is a rebuild of an 1850 church.An early font and bell suggest a previouschurch on this site. Roby Cross (Medieval)stands near the settlement core, but only thebase and shaft remain. Roby Farm late(eighteenth century/early nineteenth century)is marked on tithe map of 1849. Turnpike Toll(eighteenth century) is a brick built cottagewith a steeply pitched roof, which was used tocollect tolls on the Liverpool to Prescot Road.

Historic landmarks include Roby Old Hall (lateeighteenth century) replace a sixteenthcentury hall on the site. It was a brick buildingin Georgian style and was demolished in the

1940s but some of the outbuildings still stand.The house was set within a park, but it is notknown whether this was established with thehouse in the eighteenth century or if it is theremnants of the medieval park. The land nowforms Bowring Park.

Kirkby the topography of Kirkby is that of afairly flat township with a slope to the west ofthe historic core. The low-lying area in theeast of the township is moss land now muchdrained and used for agriculture. Preconquest the township was combined withSimonswood and at Doomsday it wasrecorded as being in the control of Uctred andwas part of the hundred of West Derby.Present landmarks include St Chads Churchand the Vicarage also constructed of redsandstone. Historic landmarks include KirkbyHall (demolished in the 1960s) A medievalwatermill to the north of the settlement core isnow evidenced in the field by a grassymound. A nineteenth century windmill isrecorded cartographically as having stood onDelf Lane as is a post medieval school builton the glebe which was burnt down in theeighteenth century.

Early activity is evidenced by a concentrationof struck flint found in the mossland area inthe east of the township. A 1995 excavationat the vicarage aimed at locating the earlymedieval chapel of St Chads has revealed aBronze Age site. This is further evidenced bysmall quantities of Bronze Age pottery andpossibly explains the bronze socketed axefound near Kirkby Row.

Tarbock, the settlement core of Tarbock isone of a linear nucleated settlement that wasfocused along the modern named NetherleyRoad, north part of Greensbridge Lane andthe Tarbock Green area of Water Lane. Thisarea now known as Tarbock Green based oncartographic observations probablydeveloped originally as dispersed farmsteadson the edges of the demesne land to TarbockHall and by 1769 Molyneux estate survey hadstarted to develop into a village. By thenineteenth century a brewery was establishedwithin the village area and coal working,quarrying and brick tiles works.

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Present landmarks include the medieval siteof Tarbock Hall and moat. The once moatedsite of Georgesons Farm is now convertedresidential properties. The Motorwayextension A5300 skirts the eastern end of thetownship. Ox Lane, a medieval road, the OldPost Office and Smithy at the junction ofGreensbridge Lane and Netherley Road.

Historic Landmarks include the medievalmoated sites of Peel Hey and Cross Hillocks awatermill west of Georgesons Farm.

Knowsley, the topography of Knowsley is anundulating township with a high point inKnowsley Park. White Mans Dam, amanmade lake, sits in the park in the centre ofthe township. The earliest reference todedicated parkland in Knowsley is in 1292when Robert de Latham is recorded as havinga certain wood that his father enclosed withpaling. The Stanleys controlled the manorfrom the fourteenth century into thenineteenth century.

Present landmarks include Knowsley Hall(seventeenth century) a grand stone and brickbuilding. The estate became the land of theStanley’s in the fourteenth century but LathomHouse (fifteenth century) remained the familysseat until after the Civil War. The earliestsection of the current building dates to 1500but much of it is seventeenth, eighteenth andnineteenth century. The park was officiallyformed in the medieval period, with a recordof 1337 recording license to empark for Johnof Kirkby. St Leonards Ridding Chapel or theAncient Chapel (twelfth century or possiblyearlier) St Marys Church (1843-4) in the centreof the settlement core is a Victorian chapelwhich follows a sixteenth century style.

Historic landmarks would have included atithe barn (1720) which stood on the TithebarnRoad and an eighteenth century windmillwhich stood to the west of the settlement coreat the north west corner of Knowsley Park.There is also a watermill recorded in themedieval period. Six alms houses (1883) aparish hospital (1899) and a recreationground were gifts of the Stanley family.

Prescot The original settlement core ofPrescot based on Bailey’s reconstruction ofthe topography of the town was focused onthe church site with the main thoroughfaresrunning east from the church, such as themodern named Kemble Street and EcclestonStreet. Many houses clustered around thechurch wall with the market square set out infront of the dwellings south east of thechurch. A hunting park was sited within thedemesne land of the church grounds. Theearliest reference to burgage plots is 1537which were mainly focused around themedieval streets. The earliest reference to avicarage is in 1445 and for market to be heldin 1333.

The earliest reference to Prescot is 1178 AD.However there are certain features thatsuggest an earlier settlement, a circulargraveyard sited on a hill with a holy well whichare typical of a Pre-Conquest church. PrescotHall (demolished in 1930s and site occupiedby BICC cable factory) was mentioned in1453 where a document states that the hallwas let to Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby. Itwas rebuilt in 1562 and then in 1568 leased toJohn Layton of Prescot.

Analysis of sixteenth century documents givesan idea of the occupation of the town andEdges 1743 plan show the principal layout ofthe church and streets. By 1850 to the westof the church in the form of a pottery works,tanning yard, market gardens and a bowlinggreen. The earliest reference to thehorological industry was as early as the 16thcentury.

Present landmarks include St Mary’s churchwhich has medieval origins also VicaragePlace, 34 Church Street the former PrescotMuseum. Some timber framed buildingsassociated with the watch making industrystill survive.

Historic landmarks include the former PrescotWatch Factory which later became a printingworks in 1927. Site of a Windmill, potteryworks and associated New Road field, theworks demolished and replaced with theterraced housing during the late nineteenth /early twentieth century.

Rural Fringes, R Cowell 2002

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The heritage assets of the Borough arenumerous both above and below ground.The assets that are nationally significant aredesignated heritage assets. A schedule ofheritage assets including listed buildings andconservation areas is included in theappendix of this document.

Heritage assets make or have the potential tomake a significant contribution to the qualityof life for those living working or visiting in theBorough. They are also very important inpresenting a positive image of the Boroughfor the purposes of marketing, promotion andattracting inward investment.

There are a number of examples within theBorough that demonstrate how historicbuildings and areas can make a majorcontribution to the achievement of widereconomic development and regenerationobjectives. Often national or local recognitionof heritage assets has been the key toattracting major external funding.

The Historic Environment Strategy seeks toaddress conservation and heritage issuesmore widely across the Borough inaccordance with the Council’s corporate aimsand objectives.

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9. Heritage Assets

10. Strategic Fit and HeritagePolicy Context

The Historic Environment Strategy (and futureaction plan) will respond to, interact with andsupport the following strategic documents ata local and regional level.

• Knowsley Replacement Unitary Development Plan 2006 in respect of providing a framework for development and in the policy base of which to manage change within the historic environment and ensure adequate controls. The current Knowsley UDP was adopted by the Council in July 2006. The development plan is due to be progressively replaced by the Local Plan currently under preparation by Knowsley Council.

• External Funding Strategy 2011The external funding strategy is to improve the ways in which external funding is secured and used in Knowsley in order to deliver the Council's vision and corporate objectives in an efficient and effective manner whilst managing risk.

• Economic Regeneration StrategyThis strategy sets out how the Borough will continue to invest in its people and infrastructure to offer the best possible platform for continued business success, and create a framework for businesses, public organisations and third sector partners to align their activities and investment over the next three years.

• Financial Inclusion StrategyKnowsley has refreshed its partnership Financial Inclusion Strategy to reflect the changing financial landscape. The revised strategy will help to ensure that

co-ordinated activity continues to be implemented to tackle financial exclusion in a way that empowers people to determine sustainable routes of exclusion and also prevents people from becoming financially excluded in the first place.

• Corporate PlanThe purpose of the corporate plan is to inform stakeholders of the Council’s priorities and how it intends to address and resource these over three years 2012-2015.

• Housing Development SupplementaryPlanning DocumentAdvise householder of the guidelines forhouse extensions.

• Ensuring A Choice of Travel Supplementary Planning DocumentProvides guidance on the Council’s transport policy.

• Strategy for KnowsleyThe Strategy for Knowsley sets out the Knowsley's Partnership's vision to make Knowsley the 'Borough of Choice' by 2023. The strategy is about agreeing common issues and priorities for Knowsley and identifying where a difference can be made to people’s livesby working differently and together.

• Liverpool City Region Visitor Economy Strategy to 2020The strategy is the base for an action plan that will be developed to harness the opportunities of Liverpool and the city region for the visitor economy. The strategy identifies the potential of Prescot as a location for day tourism.

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At a national level the Historic EnvironmentStrategy supports and adheres to thefollowing policy/legal framework.

• Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, establishes statutory duties and powers for the local planning authority in respect of Listed Buildings and conservation areas. It sets out the Council’s responsibilities with respect to:- authorisation of listed building consent- the issue of enforcement notices- prevention of deterioration of listed buildings

- designation of conservation areas- formulation of proposals for the preservation and enhancement of conservation areas

- duties in respect of planning functions in conservation areas

- grant assistance for preservation or enhancement of historic buildings or conservation areas

• Enterprise and Regulatory Reform ActApril 2013Received Royal Assent on 26 April 2013.As part of the Government’s push toreduce and simplify regulations itcontains a large package of legalreforms aimed at deregulation andpromoting growth. The Act includes anumber of changes to the legalframework affecting heritage in Englandwhich will provide new and simpler waysto protect and manage heritage assets.

• National Planning Policy Framework March 2012The National Planning Policy Framework is a key part of the government’s reforms to make the planning system less complex and moreaccessible. It vastly simplifies the number of policy pages about planning.The framework acts as guidance for local planning authorities and decision-takers, both in drawing up plans and making decisions about planning applications. Chapter 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment.

• National Heritage Protection Plan May 2011The National Heritage Protection Plan aims to identify those part of England’s heritage that matter to people most and are at greatest risk and then to concentrate efforts on saving them. English Heritage have published and Action Plan and an Activity Programme which is organised into 8 measures.

• Knowsley Local Plan (Currently under preparation by the Council) Work is continuing on a plan that will shape the future of the Borough - Knowsley’s Local Plan. This will help us decide where and how we provide new homes, jobs, leisure and shopping facilities and transport. The plan will promote quality of place within Knowsley by protecting historically important features and enhance the character, quality and diversity of Knowsley’s historicbuilt environment. It also seeks to protect the character and quality of Knowsley’s rural Villages of Cronton, Tarbock and Knowsley Village

• Guidance and TechnicalDocumentation:As the national statutory advisorsEnglish Heritage have a suite ofdocuments relating to the historicenvironment, sustainability and climatechange. These documents are referredto and implemented at a local level bythe Council. The Society for theProtection of Historic Buildings (SPAB)and the Institute of Historic Buildingsand Conservation (IHBC) provideguides on ‘good practice’ within thehistoric environment along withtechnical specification for repair andmaintenance of the historic fabric. The Commission for Architecture andthe Built Environment (CABE) and theCouncil for British Archaeology (CBA)also produce a range of advisorydocuments in relation to the historicenvironment. The Royal Institute ofChartered Survey (RICS) and the RoyalTown Panning Institute (RTPI) areprofessional advisory bodies.

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Issues and ActionsKey Issues and Proposed ActionFour key cross-cutting themes underpin theHistoric Environment Strategy:Understanding, Positive Action, DevelopingPartnerships and Promoting Best Practice.These are referred to throughout the strategyand an explanation is contained below.

Understanding“By understanding the historic environmentpeople value it...by valuing it they will care forit...by caring for it they want people to enjoyit...from enjoying the historic environmentcomes a thirst to understand”.

English Heritage, Corporate Plan 2011-2015

The historic environment is not an elite orexclusive place, it is a place where we live,work and visit, on a daily basis and is alsopersonal to us all. In order to protect it andenhance it we need to ensure thatmanagement of change is based on a sharedunderstanding of its value and importance.

The Council has a key role in enhancing thepublic’s understanding and appreciation ofthe Borough’s historic environment andheritage. It has a responsibility to ensure thatits expertise, knowledge and skills areaccessible to those who need it and todevelop new approaches to assist improved understanding and management of historic assets.

A key challenge facing the heritage sector iswidening participation by encouraging morepeople from under-represented communitiesto access the historic environment. It isimportant that any barriers to participationarea addressed in the strategy.

Positive ActionActive management of the historicenvironment is an essential element in theprotection and enhancement of historicassets. There are a wide range of positiveactions and interventions that the Council canand has taken, ranging from heritage ledregeneration projects and programmesdesigned to transform run down areas insocial and economic decline, to thepromotion and development of heritagebased tourism. Positive action is oftenessential to secure the future of historicbuildings at risk, or undertake planningenforcement to control unauthorised works toheritage assets. Often the Council has astatutory duty or responsibility to take a leadrole in these initiatives.

The success of such positive action requiresthat clear policies and guidance are in placeand that appropriate mechanisms areestablished to ensure positive management ofthe historic environment.The Council has a major role to play indeveloping a strong identity for Knowsleyrooted in its heritage. We must build on ourprevious experiences and work with localcommunities to ensure our work is relevantand representative, and therefore encouragespublic support, engagement andparticipation.

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Part Two

DevelopingPartnerships"We are thrilled to be working in partnershipwith Civic Voice and the National Trust as oneof the three charities taking Heritage OpenDays forward to a strong, sustainable future.Run by volunteers for the benefit of their localcommunities, it is the largest voluntary culturalevent in England; with over a million visits lastyear and over 40,000 volunteers giving uptheir time to share their passion andknowledge with their neighbours”.

Lloyd Grossman OBE, Chairman of theHeritage Alliance 2011

Heritage assets are by their very naturefragmented and involve a wide ranging anddiverse group of organisations, agencies,individuals and voluntary groups. The valueof a partnership approach to delivering theaims and objectives of this strategy isrecognised and it is vital to its success.

Heritage partnerships as a way forward toconserve assets

Partnership working is essential to derive themost effect way of conserving the historicenvironment. Well informed friends, volunteergroups working in partnership have had adramatic effect on conserving the historicenvironment. In the current economicclimate, where resources and time are at apremium, good partnership working isrecognised as the way forward to achieve themost positive outputs for the historicenvironment.

Heritage Partnership Agreements arebecoming more common as way forward tomaintain and repair heritage assets. Aheritage partnership agreement can be usedto agree a way forward for a series ofnecessary works to be undertaken on aheritage asset. This is more commonly usedfor larger organisations that own a number of

heritage assets which require regular works.An example of this can be seen with Canaland River Trust (formerly British Waterways)where many of the canal bridges requirerepairs on a regular basis. A predeterminedcontract and schedule of approved repairworks are agreed between the appropriateCouncil and the Trust. This negates the oftentime consuming process of approval throughthe planning and listed building process.

Knowsley Council recognises the importanceof partnership work indeed during theformation of the Prescot Townscape HeritageInitiative application partnership working wasessential to secure the funding from HeritageLottery Fund. The Partnership Board willcontinue to determine the direction of thePrescot THI during its five-year duration.

Partnership working has significant potential,and the strategy should reflect a desire toinclude, involve and stimulate interest in theheritage of Knowsley, ensuring that the rolesand responsibilities of protection,management and celebration are share be allconcerned.

It is essential that Knowsley Council is seenas an organisation that plays a central andcoordinating role in pulling together theinterests of the ‘heritage community’.Partnership working is fundamental to theheritage sector and is a resource that shouldbe harnessed and developed and not takenfor granted. There are clear advantages inpartnership work, including:

• Community development/Outreach• Higher Profile/Greater Influence• Increased Capacity• Increased Effectiveness/Ability to

Achieve Goals• Funding Benefits • Access to/Sharing Expertise• Increased support for an organisation’s

work

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Broader benefits in developing a collaborativeworking culture include:

• A potential for greater community impact

• Local empowerment • Ensuring that voluntary sector is not

seen as ‘fragmented’• Independent thinking and action

Building Preservation Trusts, DevelopmentTrusts and other voluntary sector agenciesplay a significant role in securing the future ofkey buildings, maintaining ownership by andaccess for the local community. BuildingPreservation Trust and voluntary/charitabletrusts have access of funding available tothem through various funding bodies forexample Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF).Statutory providers have access to othersources of funding by working in partnershipfunding and resources can be pooled toobtain the greatest positive impact on thehistoric environment. The historicenvironment sector has debated how weidentify what people value. Differentcommunities are likely to value differentelements of the historic environment.

It is important that the value of the historicenvironment is recognised by all the Council’sdepartments and associated organisations asa shared resource which cuts across alldisciplines and service delivery. Heritage isrecognised as an issue which affectseveryone’s quality of life and is relevant inmany aspects of the Council’s policy. It is

important that potential partnerships areidentified and that we encourage public andprivate agencies to interact with the Council.It is essential that in the current economicclimate additional sources of funding aresourced for the historic environment, for itsrepair, maintenance and vibrancy.

Best PracticeThe Council continues to promote bestpractice and the management of the historicenvironment and to attract a wider audienceat local, regional, national and internationallevel. Equally it is essential for the future thatKnowsley Council maintains and builds on itstrack record of success, and continues toestablish and promote itself as anorganisation that delivers best practice inconservation and heritage. Finally it isfundamental that the Council promotes bestpractice in conversation across the Boroughand leads by example when dealing with itsown heritage assets.

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Action PlanA. Historic BuildingsBackground

The identification of Listed buildings is carriedout at a national level by English Heritage, thestatutory advisor to the Secretary of State.The Planning Act specific to listed buildingsand conservation areas is the Planning (ListedBuildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990as amended. However other Acts are adheredto in relation to other issues othercomponents of the historic environment.

The Borough of Knowsley is served by asingle statutory list, which identifies allbuildings and structures assessed to be ofspecial architectural or historic interestaccording to national criteria. At a local level itis carried out by the local authority under theumbrella of the policies contained in theretained policies of the Unitary DevelopmentPlan (2006) and the emerging Local Plan.

Issues

A1 Recognition/ StatutoryList Review

The statutory list for the Borough of Knowsleywas last reviewed in 1992 by Department ofCulture Media & Sport (DCMS). In morerecent times English Heritage has tended toconcentrate on listing on a thematic basisincluding churches. This has led to a numberof churches in Knowsley being re-graded to adifferent classification such as St NicholasChurch Whiston as Grade II and St MarysChurch, Knowsley Village to Grade II*.

Other non designated heritage assets havebeen suggested to English Heritage forinclusion on the statutory list by the Counciland other interested parties such as friendsgroups and local residents. Proposals forlisting can put forward to English Heritage byany interested party and further details andthe application for listing can be found on theEnglish Heritage web site.

Proposed ActionA1. Approach English Heritage to seek their

support/participation for a review of the statutory list of buildings of special architectural and historic interest for the Borough. Direct interested parties to theEnglish Heritage site for the Listing Selection Guides and the Listing nomination proforma.

A2 Recognition/Local List

There are many buildings within Knowsleythat, whilst not meeting the national criteria forlisting, are nevertheless of considerable localand architectural historic interest. Theseinclude many fine Late Victorian andEdwardian buildings. UDP policies, CentralGovernment policies contained in the NationalPlanning Policy Framework (2012) and theNational Heritage Protection Plan (2012)support the retention and sympatheticalteration of such buildings wheredevelopment proposals are underconsideration. The Good Practice Guide forLocal Heritage Listing (2012) provides theguidance and the approach for thecommunity and a local authority to jointlyidentify heritage assets. Having a localheritage list provides clarity on the location ofthe assets and what it is about them that issignificant, guaranteeing that strategic localplanning properly takes account of thedesirability of their conservation.

At present Knowsley Council does not havelocal list. There is a need to genuinely involvethe participation of Knowsley residents andinterested parties in the development andcompilation of a comprehensive local list.Proposed local list building owners shall benotified and the local list should be publishedon the Council’s web site once it has beenscrutinised and approved.

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Proposed ActionA2. Compile a comprehensive local list of

important local historic buildings. Review local list on a periodic basis, local list to be published and accurately maintained.

A3 Buildings at Risk

Knowsley does not have any entries on thenational English Heritage, Heritage at RiskRegister for 2012 or 2013. However thisRegister excludes Grade II Listed Buildingsand Parks and Gardens. There are number ofGrade II designated Knowsley heritage assetswere there are issues which could deem themto be at risk.

An interim Buildings at Risk (BAR)assessment was undertaken in 2012 and thiswill be monitored. The future survival of anumber of historic buildings on the statutorylist is under threat as a result of underinvestment or neglect by building owners.Lack of maintenance and disrepair is oftenrelated to partial occupancy or vacancy.

Planning legislation provides local authoritieswith the powers to take action to ensurebuildings on the statutory list are kept in goodrepair and as a minimum are proofed againstthe elements. The Council must prioritise itsactions and resources to provide support toowners to find new viable uses for buildings atrisk or undertake statutory measures toensure adequate protection and repair.

Proposed ActionA3. Regular review of the condition and

occupancy of listed buildings within the Borough to identify Buildings at Risk and set priorities for action.

A1 - A3 Potential threats (if no action taken)• Continued loss or damage to the

Borough’s heritage • Uncertainty for developers, owners and

local communities in areas undergoing rapid change leads to delays in planning process

• Historic buildings in poor condition will continue to deteriorate and fall into irreversible decay

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B. ConservationAreasBackground

It is a statutory duty for Local Authorities toperiodically review Conservation Areaboundaries and consider whether newconservation area designations areappropriate. The control of new developmentwithin conservation areas is the responsibilityof Local Planning Authorities under statutorypowers derived from the Planning Acts.

The most English Heritage ‘Heritage at RiskRegister, North West 2012 lists twoConservation Areas in the Borough as beingat risk. • Prescot • South Park Road (removed from list

June 2013 due to significant clean up ofcurtilage land and rebuild of boundary wall)

Conservation Areas are defined as being atrisk if, their historic character has diminishedover the past three years, or is expected to doso over the next three years. The twoconservation areas in Knowsley wereconsidered as being at risk have beenincluded due to a combination of factorsincluding Listed Buildings at risk: loss ofhistoric detail and vacancy/dereliction,development pressures, lack of investment,and the condition of the public realm.

Having identified these issues it is necessaryto assess the extent of the problems both inthese conservation areas and in the remainingones not considered to be at risk. Bycontinually reviewing the Borough’sconservation areas and identifying theirimportant elements and features we can takeappropriate actions to safeguard them for thefuture. Whenever opportunities presentthemselves we should seek to enhance thecharacter of the conservation areas in theBorough by adopting robust managementregimes to ensure positive measures are putin place to reverse decline.

A point of note Prescot has received a£1.8million Heritage Lottery Fund grant for thePrescot Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI) inMarch 2013. THI funding can only be appliedfor by a local authority working with partnersand must be related to a conservation area atrisk.

Issues

B1 Review of Existing ConservationAreas

The Council designated its existing 15Conservation Areas in Knowsley in 1978 sincethat time a number of boundaries have beenchanged. A comprehensive review is nowrequired to reappraise existing conservationareas, review existing boundaries, and assessthe merits of potential new areas which maypreviously have been overlooked. It is astatutory requirement that such a review issubject to public consultation andparticipation.

Proposed ActionB1 review and revise boundaries to all

existing conservation areas as appropriate such that all conservation areas have an up to date appraisal and management plan.

B2 Designation of NewConservation Areas

The designation of historic places of specialarchitectural or historic character andappearance as conservation areas may berequired to enable planning and managementdecisions to fully respect the character andappearance of these places.

Proposed ActionB2. Examine potential areas for designation

as new conservation areas with recommendations for action.

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B3 Conservation Area CharacterAppraisals

Local authorities are required to define anddescribe the character of conservation areas inorder to make effective and coherent decisionsin respect of development proposals affectingthem. Conservation Area Character Appraisals/Statements assist and inform the Councilsdevelopment control decision-making. They are also used to target resourceseffectively and promote communityunderstanding, interest and involvement inlocal conservation issues. The production ofsuch appraisals is required at planningappeals and public inquiries in order to justifyand support planning decisions. As with listedbuildings, the lack of a conservation areareviews results in uncertainty to owners,developers and local communities alike,particularly in areas experiencing significantdevelopment pressure or undergoing rapidchange, and can introduce substantial delaysin the planning process. At present onlyPrescot conservation area has had a reviewresulting in a revised conservation area thathas been prepared in accordance with EnglishHeritage guidance.

A number of others are currently beingassessed at the time of the publication of thisstrategy.

Proposed ActionB3. Prepare and publish Conservation Area

Appraisals/statement for all existing and proposed conservation areas.

B4 Article 4 Directions

Planning controls in Conservation Areas arelimited to works that are defined asdevelopments under the Planning Acts. Inresidential areas there is a wide range ofworks, known as ‘permitted development’which does not normally require planningpermission but can cumulatively have adetrimental impact upon the character andappearance of conservation areas. Thedesignation of Article 4 Direction enables aplanning authority to restrict the range of

works which benefit from such permitteddevelopment. To be effective it is essentialthat such controls continue to enjoy publicsupport and understanding, and thatmanagement and decision making isconsistent.

Proposed ActionB4. Review of existing and potential Article 4

directions in all existing and proposed conservation areas.

B5 Conservation Area ManagementPlans

It is vital that proposals for the management,preservation and enhancement ofconservation areas are also developed andbrought forward for implementation to meetthe needs of existing and future communities,including the publication of Conservation AreaManagement Plans. This will ensureadequate protection is in place.

Proposed ActionB5. Prepare and publish Conservation Area

Management Plans for all designatedConservation Areas as appropriate.

B1 - B5 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Conservation Area boundaries may

become obsolete and introduce uncertainty to owners, developers and local communities

• Character of existing conservation areasare harmed by new development or unsympathetic works

• Lack of investment • Currently unprotected historic areas

suffer irrevocable change to their character

• Planning appeals in conservation areas lost because no clear statement of character

• Loss of public support for and understanding of conservation areas

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C HistoricEnvironmentRecords/ArchaeologyThere are 37 registered ancient monuments inMerseyside none of which are located inKnowsley. However Knowsley does havesites of archaeological importance and theseare protected through the Planning Acts andlocal policy.

The Historic Environment Record (HER)resource is a specialised resource which canbe used to:• Advance knowledge and understanding

of the Historic Environment. The HER will be continuously enhanced and updated, it will comprise of a digitised record of all known heritage assets in the Merseyside region and is supported by a much larger collection of paper-based, map-based and photographical information.

• Improve its protection. Archaeological resources are consulted for information on planning applications, road schemes, new pipelines, large scale planting schemes. Detail will be sought from the service in regard to the archaeological implications of such developments.

• Support its conservation, management and enhancement, Advice on the management and policy for the protection of archaeological sites and landscapes. This advice is available to the Local Authority, public utilities, landowners, developers, builders, minerals operators and agricultural bodies.

• To promote local archaeology and history as a resource for education and enjoyment. In this way we can encourage a greater understanding andappreciation of the regions rich cultural heritage and promote greater public participation in it exploration.

• To inform strategic policies and decisionmaking relation to spatial planning, development control and land management.

• To support heritage led regeneration, environmental improvement and culturaltourism initiatives.

Proposed ActionC1 As the record is managed on a pan

Merseyside basis Knowsley Council ascribe to the management and maintenance of the record. The Council will secure archaeological advice when determining applications for development or potential national and local designations.

C2 The Council will (where appropriate) take the opportunity to place conditions requiring the accurate recording of built fabric or landscaping that will be altered, concealed or lost through the implementation of approved works. These records will be deposited on the HER.

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D. Historic Parks /Gardens / Graveyards/ LandscapesBackground

Knowsley encompasses a number ofdesigned landscapes, graveyards, parks andgardens of national, regional and localsignificance. These are not only of historicimportance but often they also provide asetting for historic buildings and high qualityopen spaces. Many public parks were createdfrom the grounds of large private propertiesbefore transfer to public ownership in theC19th and C20th. Historic graveyards canhave important historical association, whichmay transcend matters of architectural meritor design. Some historic landscapes, whichhave evolved over a long period of time, maynot be suitable for conservation status butmay merit recognition and protection underexisting or future local planning policies.

Issues

D1. Historic Parks, Gardens,Graveyards and Landscapes

Recognition of the historic and architecturalimportance of these features can often beoverlooked in day-to-day management andmaintenance or long term planning. No localregister of parks, gardens, graveyards,landscapes of historic importance exists - thedevelopment of such a list will assist in thedevelopment of appropriate policies andmanagement in order to safeguard thesevaluable resources for the future. It will alsoestablish a base from which opportunities forexternal funding can be exploited.

Proposed ActionD1. Identify and appraise historic parks,

gardens, graveyards and landscapes.

D2. Review fabric and condition, whilst promoting development of individual strategies for the sustainable management and maintenance.

D1 - D2 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Potential erosion of character, quality

and condition of heritage assets through inappropriate management

• Opportunities for external funding missed

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E Funding / ResourceManagementBackground

Section 57 of the Planning (Listed Buildingsand Conservation Areas) Act 1990 providesLocal Authorities with the powers to offerfinancial assistance to help owners to carryout repairs and enhancement work to historicbuildings or conservation areas. There is anassumption in the Act and governmentguidance that local authorities should takepositive steps to enhance the character andappearance of conservation area. For largeschemes grant assistance may be availablefrom Government or European fundingprogrammes, English Heritage, the HeritageLottery Fund and other lottery distributors aswell as a number of smaller charitable bodies.Sources of funding can also be used toenhance conservation areas and developpublic information, guidance andinterpretative material. Knowsley hasattracted substantial resources forconservation led regeneration.

Issues

E1. Conservation Fund

Constraints on local government funding haveexerted great pressure on grant schemes,similarly funding from external sources is bothlimited and strictly targeted. In practice mosthistoric building or areas do not benefit frompublic grants or loans and building repairsand enhancements must be carried out andfunded by private owners. Nevertheless theavailability of small levels of grant can have asignificant impact upon the character andappearance of historic buildings and areas: itstimulates private investment in and widerpublic support for conservation, ensures thatwork is carries out to high standards, can actas a catalyst for further private investment andcan avoid the need for more costly action bythe Council in the future.

Proposed ActionE1. Consider the establishment of funds to

support pro-active conservation activity across the Borough.

E2. External Funding

In exceptional cases substantial funding isavailable from external sources to assist in thedevelopment and implementation ofconservation scheme. A small conservationfund can be particularly effective if used as apump-priming mechanism to attract externalfunding eg the HLF is able to offer up to 90%funding to eligible projects subject to thedeficit being found from other sources: theArchitectural Heritage Fund (AHF) is able tooffer low-interest loans to BuildingPreservation Trusts (BPT’s) to provide theworking capital to carry out projects. Thedevelopment of partnerships to co-ordinateand bid for additional external resources,backed by modest sums from the Councilsown budgets, can generate significantinvestment in historic environment projects.

Proposed ActionE2. Consider identify and seek external

sources to support activities identified and prioritised in the conservation strategy.

E3. Support the activities of Building Preservation Trusts and other not-for-profit heritage organisations operating the Borough.

E1 - E3 Proposed Threats (If no action taken)• Lost opportunities for projects that

would benefit the Borough and its residents.

• Lack of investment in the historic environment.

• Lack of awareness of how significant thehistoric environment is to everyday life.

• Lost opportunities to form heritage partnerships and instil a sense of ownership in local people.

• Likely to be more heritage ‘at risk’.

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F. Working withOthersBackground

The responsibility for the stewardship of thewider historic environment is shared by alarge number of individuals, groups andorganisations, central and local government,businesses, voluntary bodies, faith groupsand individual property owners, as well asusers’ and visitors’ buildings and sites.

Issues

F1. Liaison with External Bodies -Local

Knowsley benefits from a number of energeticand active local amenity and voluntary groupswith a keen interest in conservation, thisnetwork is presently somewhat disparate, andsome groups appear to work in isolation.Stronger links between these groups willincrease the potential for more effectiveconservation in the Borough. The Council isable to encourage and create the conditionsfor better partnerships working on projects ofmutual interest and for greater dialogue. Theestablishment of Borough wide ConservationArea Advisory Panel to provide to the Councilon current applications for developmentwithin historic areas could be considered as asignificant first step to developing co-operative working.

Proposed ActionF1. Maintain and develop good working

relationships and contacts with local amenity groups and voluntary sector organisations.

F2. Liaison with External Bodies -National/Regional

It is essential that the Council activelymaintains contact with strategic partners at aregional and national level, governmentbodies, businesses, property owners andnational amenity organisations to see theirsupport and assistance in achievingconservation objectives in Knowsley and topromote better knowledge and understandingof the importance of Knowsley’s uniquehistoric environment.

Proposed ActionF2. Maintain and further develop good

working relationships and contacts with strategic partners at regional and national level.

F1 - F2 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Local knowledge and enthusiasm left

untapped • Poor working relations ships between

the Council and local voluntary groups • Lack of profile for Knowsley at a

regional and national level• Opportunities for developing strategic

objectives may be missed • Loss of Council’s reputation and

credibility at a local, regional and national level.

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G. Local PlanningPolicy and PracticeBackground

The Government required Local PlanningAuthorities to adopt conservation policies indevelopment plans and give practical effect tothem through development control decisionmaking. Effective development control in thehistoric environment requires particularlyclose attention to detail to assess the fullimpact of proposals, active monitoring and acommitment to enforcement when it isnecessary.

Issues

G1. Planning Policy

The Knowsley Replacement UnitaryDevelopment Plan (Adopted June 2006)contains strong policies for conservation ofthe historic environment. It is essential thatthis firm policy base be maintained throughthe emerging Local Plan and Action Plans.

Proposed ActionG1. Maintain a firm policy base for

conservation of the historic environment.

G2. Development Control andEnforcement

The effectiveness of the development controlsystem depends upon a vigorous andconsistent approach to decision making, andthe determined use of enforcement powers tocontrol unauthorised works and breaches ofcondition. This applies to both built heritageand underground archaeology. Furthermore,where substantial external funding is offeredto the Council in respect of area based orhistoric building enhancement schemes, theCouncil is required by contract to agree to

undertake effective development controlmonitoring and enforcement in order toprotect the investment.

Proposed ActionG2. Maintain and develop effective control

and ensure enforcement is exercised over unauthorised works to listed buildings within conservation areas and their setting.

G3. Speed and Quality ofDevelopment Control Decision-Making

The Council is committed to continuousservice improvement and the speed ofdecision-making in the development controlprocess is an area of work that is closelymonitored. The use of standardisedconservation conditions for use on planningapplications affecting listed buildings,development in conservation areas and otherelements of the historic environment willassist in maintaining and developing servicedelivery, and secure substantialimprovements in the speed of decisionmaking.

Proposed ActionG3. Creation of standardised conservation

conditions for use in development control decision-making.

G4. The Conservation Resource

Application for planning permission, listedbuilding consent, conservation area consentand advertisement consent which affecthistoric buildings or areas throughout theBorough are subject to specialist consultationwith the Conservation Officer. Many proposalsrequire discussion and amendment either atpre- or post application stage to ensure thatthey are of an appropriate standard to obtainapproval. The resource of a single

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Conservation Officer can be significantly overstretched at times, and a review of resourcesavailable for conservation work is desirable,given that enhancements could bringimprovements.

Proposed ActionG4. Review the resources available for

conservation work and specialist advice on the Historic Environment. Up-skill and utilise Student/Intern as an additional conservation resource.

G5. Promote the adoption of thehighest architectural standards forall new development in historicareas.

The quality of submitted design schemes fornew development can be highly variable andon occasion poor or uninspired. The Council,as a local planning authority has in the pastbeen reactive to new proposals rather thanproactively seeking high standards of design.The Council has close links with CABE/Design Council and English Heritage and isin a position to promote the adoption of thehighest architectural standards for newdevelopment in historic areas. The Councilalready has as number of design guidancedocuments and is in the process of drafting

shop-front guidance and additional guidancedocuments relative to the historicenvironment. The conservation /planningdepartment will when necessary prepareappropriate design briefs for sensitive sites.

Proposed ActionG5. Prepare design briefs for identified sites,

shop-front design guidance, Work in close association with English Heritage and the Design Council /CABE, adopt good practice guidance on acceptable works within specific historic environments.

G1 - G5 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Quality of development control decision-

making weakened• Planning appeals lost• Uncertainty for owners/developers• Planning decisions inconsistent • Lack of time to negotiate improvements

to design of planning applications• No enforcement of planning/listed

building contraventions• Design of new development is of poor

quality and fails to respect site context.

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H CorporateResponsibilityBackground

Knowsley Council has many diverse roles asan owner of buildings and land as highwaysauthority, as planning authority and as aprovider of leisure recreational and touristfacilities. It also takes a particularly pro-activerole in regeneration, economic development,housing and education. It is essential that theCouncil’s corporate responsibility forconservation of heritage assets be taken intoaccount in exercising its many differentfunctions. The Council’s responsibility for thepreservation and enhancement of the historicenvironments needs to be recognised that allservices play a role in this. There is alreadyan existing cross Council departmentalapproach to the impact on the historicenvironment. However, this could beimproved in some areas and it thereforeessential that all services give dueconsideration to the importance ofconservation issues in preparing programmesof work and budgets and seek specialistadvice where appropriate to ensure that bestpractice is adhered to.

Issues

H1. Council-owned heritage assets

In order to review and rationalise council-owned property and provide funding andmanaging heritage assets, it is essential tohave full and up-to date information on theextent, nature and physical conditions ofhistoric buildings in the ownership of theCouncil. Planned maintenance and repairsprogrammes are essential for themanagement of heritage assets, based onregular detailed inspections and conditionsreports, and set within the context ofindividual ‘conservation plans’.

Proposed ActionH1. Identification of Council-owned historic

buildings and structures, and consideration be given to the preparation of ‘conservation plans’ for future management.

H2. Highways and Public Realm

The special character of historic features onhighways and within the public realm such asnatural stone paving and kerbs, stone-settedsurfaces or historic street furniture isextremely vulnerable to damage or lossthrough work carried out by contractors,statutory undertakers or private developersand owners. The same is true of anyarchaeological deposits sealed beneath thesestructures. The development of a code ofpractice to integrate management ofhighways and public realm works within thehistoric environment, including conservationareas would be effective in minimisingpotential damage to historic materials andfeatures, emphasising the need for qualitydesign and special care are carried out by all.Public realm improvements are often asignificant part of conservation-ledregeneration, creating a better qualityenvironment and a sense of place that canencourage inward investment. Knowsley hasdeveloped a good track record in deliveringhigh quality enhancement schemes. Thisshould continue and requires thedevelopment of closer working relationshipswith Highways and Transportation and otherstatutory undertakers, as this will ensure thatheritage considerations are properlyconsidered and respected in any proposals,whether they involve enhancement,reinstatement or repair.

Proposed ActionH2. Adhere to the ‘streets for all’ guidance

(English Heritage) for highway and public realm works within the historic environment.

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H1 - H2 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Lack of profile and understanding of

conservation activities across all Councilservices and at Executive

• Little integration across Council servicesand limited Corporative working

• Opportunities to develop best practice in conservation

• Profile of Council harmed• Erosion of character, quality and

condition of heritage assets through poor management

• Opportunities for external funding missed

• Quality of public realm in conservation area decreases, loss of historic services and poor quality repairs

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I SkillsBackground

The success of the historic environmentstrategy depends upon the competence of allthose responsible for work or heritage assets.It is essential that such work is carried outwith confidence and clarity of purpose at alllevel, professional, technical and voluntarylevels.

Issues

I1 Training and skills development

Whilst the use of appropriately trained andcompetent experts is recommended for workon all historic assets, such skills are in shortsupply. Every effort should be made by theCouncil to promote training in appropriatespecialist skills to ensure an understanding ofconservation issues to achieve acceptablestandards of work in the historic environment.

Advice from Council officers will need tofollow best practice and a personaldevelopment plan for all officers in heritageissues should include specific continuingprofessional development to ensure thatadvice given is current in line with goodconservation practice, principle and delivery.Internships and work placements are to thebenefit of both the individual and the Council.

Set conservation projects can be undertakenby the intern extending the resources of theCouncil and the intern will benefit from anincreased knowledge of conservation relatedwork and develop a portfolio of work to showwork experience in the niche field ofconservation enabling opportunities to accessfuture career aspirations. The conservationresource needs to be maintained at a level toenable effective delivery in this service.

Proposed ActionI1. i. Support and encourage appropriate

specialist training for all involved in the conservation of the heritage resource. ii. All Council officers involved with heritage issues to maintain and update knowledge through continuing CPD.iii. Bespoke training events to be arranged/accessed as when required to keep members and officers up to date with current best practice. iv. Support and promote conservation/historic environment internships and work placements.

I1 Potential threats (if no action taken)• Efforts to achieve best practice

undermined by lack of knowledge, skillsor understanding

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J. Information,Education, Access,Promotion andMarketingBackground

For heritage assets to maximise their potentialto enhance the quality of life of existing andfuture generations, it is essential that allconservation activities continue to recognisethe need to promote wider publicunderstanding and access. Provision ofappropriate intellectual and physical access isessential if these assets are to make a positiveand meaningful contribution to the quality ofthe environment, culture, education andleisure.

Issues

J1 Promotion of Local HeritageResources

Knowsley is fortunate in having an extensiverange of published materials relating to itshistoric and heritage. These documents arereadily accessible at the Borough’s libraries.There is also an archive service which housesdocuments, maps and photographic materialmost of which has been digitised. PrescotMuseum has many local historical artefactson display and a number of historic mapsmost of which have been digitised for easyaccess. The Libraries and Museum are partof the Councils Leisure and Culture service.

There are sometimes cross cutting themes ofheritage in relation to the historic builtenvironment. An improved collaborativeapproach to heritage projects and crosscutting themes would significantly enhancethe heritage and historic environment offer. Byworking together and encouraging greater

public interest in the historic environment wecan better understand better what isimportant to people and take action to protectthese elements.

Proposed ActionJ1 Work with other Council departments to

promote development of education/skills/crafts and desk based research to widen access to the Borough’s heritage assets.

J2 Access to Information

Limited digital information relating to thehistoric environment is available from theCouncil’s social media, the internet or inprinted formats produced by the Council forthe public.

Best practice in conservation can beprompted by the Council in a number ofways through leaflets, website and advicenotes. It also acts as a conduit whensignposting members of the public to adviceand guidance such as HELM (HistoricEnvironment Local Management) a bestpractice site run and updated by EnglishHeritage. Leaflets and other documentsshould also be made available in a number offormats to enable access to the widestpossible audience.

Proposed ActionsJ2. Develop web pages and publications toprovide information on the Borough’s historicenvironment.

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J3 Use of Heritage Assets inCorporate Marketing /Promotion

The use of images of Knowsley heritageassets for corporate marketing and promotionis a reflection of their important contribution tolocal identity and distinctiveness. There usealso raises the profile of conservation projectswithin the Borough

Proposed ActionJ3. Production of dynamic portfolio of

images of heritage assets for use in corporate marketing/promotion.

J1 - J3 Potential Threats (if no action taken)• Opportunities for education and lifelong

learning lost• Quality of life for all diminishes• Borough presents a poor image to the

outside world• Missed opportunity to educate people

about the heritage of the Borough

This strategy is to be reviewed annually.

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Action Plan

TASK

Historic Buildings

Review statutory list ofhistoric buildings

Identify potential heritageassets for inclusion onnational register

Compile a list of locallyimportant historicbuildings and reviewregularly

Review condition ofdesignated heritageassets

Maintain /UpdateBuilding At Risk (BAR)register. Identify BAR

Identify potential newuses for obsolete historicbuildings

Planning for crimeprevention - adopt bestpractice

METHODOLOGY

Survey ExistingBuildings:

- Site Visits

- Photographic survey

- Desk basedresearch

- Documentedevidence

Liaise with EnglishHeritage to updatecurrent statutory list

Identifyvacant/unkemptbuildings and usestatutory enforcementaction where necessary

Determine theguidelines for inclusionon a local list inaccordance with EHguidance / bestpractice

Compile a local listdatabase andmaintain/update

RESOURCE

ConservationOfficer

Interns

StudentPlacements

Local HeritageGroups

FriendsGroups

EnglishHeritage

Volunteers

TIMESCALE

On Going2013 - 2018

RISKS(if no action)

Deteriorationof heritageassets

Loss ofBorough’sheritage

Uncertainty oftheimportance ofhistoric assetsleading todelays in theplanningprocess

Harmfulchange toheritageassets or theirsetting morelikely

Conservation Areas

Conservation AreaAppraisals/Re-Appraisals

Review of boundaries

Assess the potentialinclusion of new areas for Conservation Areadesignation

Review/Designate Article4 Designations

Re-assessment of theexisting conservationareas and theirboundaries

Prepare and publishappraisals

ConservationOfficer

Interns

StudentPlacements

Local HeritageGroups

ReviewAppraisalsevery 5 years

Assessmentof areas on-going

Review ofconservationarea 1-3 per year

Deteriorationof historicfabric

Out dated/inaccurateinformation

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TASK

Prepare and publishConservation AreaManagement Plans

METHODOLOGY

Undertake aconservation area’health check’ of thepublic realm, boundarytreatments, propertymaintenance

Public /Residentconsultation

Publish advisorydocuments for Article 4designated areas

Produce historic areainformation sheets

Set out proactivemanagement of eachconservation area

Developmentmanagement

RESOURCE

Friends/AmenityGroups

EnglishHeritage

THI Officer

Volunteer

TIMESCALE RISKS(if no action)

Uncertainty ofresidents anddevelopers ofwhat ispermissible

If notundertaken alack ofcontinuity interms ofdevelopmentand positiveaction

Opportunityfor qualityurban designcould bemissed

Harmfulchangeconservationareas or theirsetting morelikely

Archaeology

The Council will securearchaeological advice forapplications andpotential designations

Tbc Tbc Tbc Tbc

Historic parks, gardens, graveyardsand landscapes

Identify and appraisehistoric parks, gardens,graveyards andlandscapes

Identify features ofhistorical significance

Review fabric andcondition

Identify opportunities forjoint working and fundraising

Identify parks/gardens/graveyards andlandscapes withhistorical importance- Site Visits - Documentaryevidence

- Liaison with relevantCouncil departments/friends groups andnational societies

CrossDepartmentalCouncilworking

Conservation/Planning

THI Officer

Arts &Heritage

Culture

On-going

2014 - 2015

Opportunitiesto enhancehistoric parks/gardens/graveyards andlandscapeslost

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TASK METHODOLOGY

Identify potential forheritage interpretation

Provide information offunding opportunities toeligible applicants

Look to anniversary’scommemorative eventsand celebrations ieWWI 2014 100 yearanniversary

Identify national historicevents and link with alocal emphasis

RESOURCE

CemeteriesManagerChurch andEcclesiasticalRepresentatives

Friendsgroups

Volunteers

Library/Archiveservices

Propertyowners

TIMESCALE RISKS(if no action)

A lack ofcohesiveplanning tomaintainheritageassets withinthese environs

Missedopportunitiesto tap intoexternalfunding

Lack of publicawareness ofthe importanceof historicassets

Potentialerosion ofcharacter andcondition

Funding and resourcemanagement

Conservation Fund -establish fund to supportpro-active conservation

Seek external fundingsources for projects

Advise friends groups,amenity bodies andvolunteer groups offinancing eligible forcommunity groups -Signpost to appropriatefunding streams

Seek additional fundingthat could complimentand match existingheritage schemes

Share information acrossCouncil Departments

Regularly reviewexternal funding streamincluding:- Heritage LotteryFund

- BuildingPreservation Trusts

- ArchitecturalPreservation Trusts

- English Heritage

ConservationOfficer

THI Officer

EnglishHeritage

HLF/BPT/APT

On-Going

Annual reviewof potentialsources offunding 2014

2015-2016Considerheritageprojectinitiation

2016-2018seekadditionalfundingresources tocontinue thesuccesses of THIthroughoutthe Borough

Lostopportunities forinvestmentand historicenvironmentprojects

Community andamenity groupscould miss outon funding dueto lack ofknowledge orignorance offunding

Lack ofownership ofthe HistoricEnvironment bythe Knowsleycommunity

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TASK

Working with others

Liaise with externalagencies

Maintain good workingrelationships and contactwith amenity groups andvolunteers

Encourage and developgood relationship withstrategic partners atlocal regional andnational

Encourage networking ata local regional andnational level

Advice and co-workingwith statutory bodies inrelation to topicalnational trends. ie theftaffecting heritage assets

METHODOLOGY

Encourage communityparticipation:- Presentations- Link into existingpublic awarenessevents

Signpost community,friends and amenitygroups to existingregional, nationalgroups

Adopt best practiceprinciples and workwith front of serviceofficers

RESOURCE

Cross CouncilDepartmentalWork

AmenityGroups/Communitygroups

Volunteers

KnowsleyChamber ofCommerce

EnglishHeritage

Police

PropertyOwners

MerseysideConservationOfficersGroup

Institute ofHistoricBuildings andConservation

TIMESCALE

On-going

RISKS(if no action)

Localknowledgeandenthusiasmleft untapped

Poor workingrelationshipsbetweencouncil andvoluntarygroups

Lack of profilefor Knowsleyat Regionaland Nationallevel

Opportunitiesfor developingstrategicobjectivesmay bemissed

Local planning, policyand practice

Establish firm policy basefor conservation and thehistoric environment

Standardise conservationconditions

Promote quality designand highest architecturalstandards

Technical guidance forspecific architecturalfeatures ie sash windows

Establish firm policybase for conservation ofthe historic environment

Maintain and developeffective controls andenforcement action

StandardiseConservation conditions

Prepare design brief forsensitive locations

Review resourcesavailable forconservation. Utilisestudent-internplacements

PlanningPolicy Team

EnforcementOfficers

Planners

ConservationOfficer

National andregionalstrategicadvisers

Students/interns

THI Officer

Continuous

Shop FrontGuidanceSummer2013

Liaise withPlanningPolicy onLocal Plan

Quality ofdecisionmaking fordevelopmentcontrol couldbe weakened

Planningappeals lost

Planningdecisionsinconsistent

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TASK METHODOLOGY

Draft and publish goodguidance of acceptableworks in the historicenvironment:- Shop FrontGuidance

- Conservation AreaGuidance

Keep up to date onchanges to policy,legislation nd updatesto best practice -publications and officerCPD

Deliver in-housetraining to officers/members?

RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS(if no action)

Potential poor shopsfrontageswhich detractfrom theconservationarea as awhole anddeter shoppersand reducefoot fall

Lack of timeto negotiateimprovementsto design onplanningapplications

Noenforcementof planninglisted building/planningcontraventions

Poor design in newdevelopment

Corporateresponsibility

Identification of Councilowned historic structuresand drafting ofconservation plans forfuture management

Continued ‘goodpractice’ for highway andpublic realm works withinthe historic environment

Draft conservationplans include:- maintenance plan - monitor condition - record ‘hot spots’within the building ie potential failingsof materials,inappropriate use ofmodern materials

Assess inclusivity andlegislative complianceissues ie DDA

Continue good ‘crossdepartmental’ workingto advise at earlieststages

Liaison withCouncildepartmentsresponsible for:- Conservation- Public realm - Highways - Housing - Parks andgardens

- Cemeteries

Liaison withcommunity/interest/heritagegroups

Ongoing Lack ofunderstandingof the historicenvironmentacross theCouncil’sdepartments

Lostopportunitiesto developbest practice inconservation

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TASK METHODOLOGY

Conservation input tolocal schemesimpacting on thehistoric environment

RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS(if no action)

Erosion ofcharacter,quality,condition ofheritageassetsthrough poormanagement

Council losescredibility ascustodian ofthe historicenvironment if its ownheritage assetsare poorlymanaged andmaintained

Skills

Support and encourageappropriate specialisttraining in conservation

All Council Officersinvolved in heritageissues maintain up-todate skills continuedCPD

Training events to bearranged/accessed tokeep members andofficers up to date

Support and promoteconservation Historicenvironment internshipsand placements

Skills programmeessential component ofTHI

Attendance at relevantnational/regional eventrelating to historicenvironment andlegislation

Presentations tocommunity groups/property owners

Member and officertraining events ontopical issues

Information sharingplanning andenforcement

Bespoke traditionalcraft skills and trainingto satisfy the criteria ofPrescot THI for asuccessful project

Provide opportunitiesfor conservation/heritage students to gainpractical experience inconservation work

Research archives andhistoric maps

Work withlocalproviders

HeritageTrusts

EnglishHeritage/HELM

Craft trades

ConservationOfficer

THI Officer

BuildingPreservationTrust

Library/Archiveservices

On-Going

Legislativechangesintroduced2013

EnterpriseandRegulatoryReform Bill2012-2013

THI Skills2013-2018andongoinglegacy

Studentplacement 3 monthminimum

Internplacement -1 per year

Efforts toachieve bestpracticeunderminedby lack ofknowledge,skills andunderstanding

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TASK

Information, educationaccess, promotionaland marketing

Promote the Borough’sheritage through aprogramme of education

Desk based research tomonitor and include theboroughs heritage assets

Signpost generalheritage enquiries to theappropriate serviceswithin the authority

Develop web pages andpublications to provideinformation regarding the Borough or specificheritage assets

Produce a dynamicportfolio of images ofheritage assets for use in corporate marketingand promotion

Use approveddevelopment in thehistoric environment asan opportunity to capturedata for the HER (e.g. obtaining buildingrecords, surveys etc viaplanning / LBCconditions)

METHODOLOGY

Promote awarenessand educate throughthe THI programmeand advisorydocuments. Details tobe published on theCouncil’s web page,twitter and Facebook.Also produce intraditional format ie leaflets

Where appropriate,make outputs andprogress of all otherstrands of this ActionPlan accessible todifferent audiences andkept up to date

Publication of ActionPlan and report onprogress in meetingmilestones

Historic environmentalbranding via readilyrecognised documentsie appraisals andmanagement plans

Utilise existing archiveof historic digitisedimages. Forwardadditional qualityimages tocommunications teamfor use in promotionalmaterial

Educational andmaintenance events forproperty owners to bescheduled ie clean yourgutters day

Target all age groupsfrom Primary school -to ‘university of the third age’

RESOURCE

Conservationofficer THI Officer

Intern/WorkPlacement

CommunicationsDepartment

Friends/Residents andCommunitygroups

TIMESCALE

THI WebPages andTwitter,Facebookaccounts set up 2013

Conservationand HistoricEnvironmentinformationavailable onweb pageundergoingupdate 2013

RISKS(if no action)

Ignorance onhistoricbuildingmaintenanceand repair

Lack ofawarenessthroughoutthe Boroughof the ongoingwork affectingthe historicenvironment

Poorlyrepairedhistoricbuildings

Progress andachievementsinadequatelyrecorded,recognised orshared

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Further reading

Architectural Heritage Fund, http://www.ahfund.org.uk/

Arts Council for England, http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/

Civic Voice, http://www.civicvoice.org.uk/

Cowell, RW 2002, b ‘Knowsley Rural Fringes’ in 'The Archaeology of a Changing Landscape:The Last thousand Years in Merseyside', Journal of the Merseyside Archaeological Society,11,123-166.

Department for Culture Media and Sport.https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-culture-media-sport

Design Council, http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/

English Heritage, http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/

External Funding Strategy Knowsley 2011 - 2013, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/Revised-External-Funding-Strategy-Spring-2011.pdf

Heritage Alliance, http://www.theheritagealliance.org.uk/

Knowsley Economic Regeneration Strategy,http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/economic_regeneration_strategy.pdf

Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), http://www.hlf.org.uk/Pages/Home.aspx

Heritage at Risk Register, North West, 2012, English Heritage

50

Knowsley Conservation Area Appraisals, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/residents/building-and-planning/design-and-conservation/conservation.aspx

Knowsley Local Plan Core Strategy, Proposed Submission Document November 2012. KMBC

Knowsley Replacement Unitary Development Plan 2006, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to-see-and-do/local-history/restoration-project.aspx

Liverpool City Region Visitor Economyhttp://most.merseyside.org.uk/xsdbimgs/TMP_Vistor%20Economy%20full%20strategy.pdf

Merseyside Historic Characterisation Project (Knowsley) 2011, Trustees of National MuseumsLiverpool and English Heritage, http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/historic-characterisation-project/#knowsley

Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, http://www.rics.org/uk/

Royal Town Planning Institute, http://www.rics.org/uk/

Scheduled Ancient Monuments List (National Register), http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for-england/

Society for the protection of Ancient Buildings, http://www.spab.org.uk/

Streets for All, English Heritage, http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/streets-for-all/

The National Archives, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/

The National Heritage List of England, English Heritage http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for-england/

War Memorials Trust - http://www.warmemorials.org/

Building Preservation Trust: A BuildingPreservation Trust (BPT) is a charity, the mainaim of which includes the preservation andregeneration of historic buildings. There arealmost 300 BPTs in the UK, with 21 BPTscurrently in existence in Northern Ireland. Themajority are rooted in their local communities.Some are formed to save just one buildingand others, known as ‘revolving fund trusts’,save a succession of buildings.

Burgage is a medieval land term used inEngland and Scotland, well established bythe 13th century. A burgage was a town("borough") rental property owned by a kingor lord. The property ("burgage tenement")usually, and distinctly, consisted of a houseon a long and narrow plot of land, with anarrow street frontage. Rental payment("tenure") was usually in the form of money,but each "burgage tenure" arrangement wasunique, and could include services.

Conservation: refers to the active process ofmanagement of these heritage assets. Itoften involves striking a balance betweenpreservation and sympathetic alteration inorder to ensure the long term survival of ahistoric building area or structure.

Heritage: is used to refer to the values thatpeople attach to particular buildings, cultureplaces and events. These heritage assetsmake a significant contribution to localidentity and distinctiveness. They help toenhance the quality of our lives through theircontribution to the local environment, culture,education and leisure.

Preservation: refers to the process ofmaintaining the essential character and fabricof a heritage asset in an unaltered state inorder to prevent its decay or destruction.

For a comprehensive heritage, historicenvironment glossary see:http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/glossary.aspx

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Glossary

52

List of Designated Heritage A ssets

Listed Buildings in Knowsley - As amended February 2013

PLACE GRADE LOCATION

CRONTON II 1. Holly Farm House - Chapel LaneII 2. Cronton Cross - Hall LaneII 3. Gate Piers and gates at Cronton Hall - Hall LaneII 4. Sunnyside Farmhouse - Hall LaneII 5. Townsend Farmhouse - Hall LaneII 6. Stocks - Smithy LaneII 7. The Field - The RoundaboutII 8. Wayside, Pex Hill, Cronton

HALEWOOD II 9. St Nicholas Church - Church Road(Re-graded from C April 08)

II 10. Foxhill House - Foxhill LaneII 11. Yew Tree House Farm - Higher Road

II 12. Railway Bridge - Archway RoadII 13. Village Cross - Bluebell LaneII 14. Railway Bridge - Childwall LaneII 15. Church of St Bartholomew - Church Road, RobyII 16. Railway Bridge - Greystone RoadII 17. Park Hall - Huyton Hey RoadII 17. Newland - Huyton Hey Road including Moorland

1 Victoria RoadII 19. Huyton Hey - Huyton Hey RoadII* 20. Church of St Michael's - Huyton LaneII 21. Monument - Church of St Michael's - Huyton LaneII 22. Gateway 1, Church of St Michael's - Huyton LaneII 23. Gateway 2, Church of St Michael's - Huyton LaneII 24. Hurst Hall/Golf Club- Huyton LaneII 25. The Hazels - Liverpool RoadII 26. Stables - The Hazels - Liverpool RoadII 27. Milestone - Liverpool RoadII 28. Railway Bridge - Pilch Lane EastII 29. 66 Roby Road - RobyII 30. Roby Toll House - Roby RoadII 31. Roby Cross - Roby RoadII 32. 20 and 22 St Mary's Road

AppendicesAppendix 1

53

PLACE GRADE LOCATION

HUYTON II 33. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Station RoadII 34. Thingwall Hall - Thingwall LaneII 35. United Reform Church - Victoria RoadII 36. Walled Garden - Liverpool RoadII 37. Greenhill - The Orchard

KIRKBY II 38. Railway Public House and Langtree Cottage -Glovers Brow

II 39. Carters Arms Public House - Glovers BrowII 40. The Cottage - Glovers BrowII 41. The Smithy, 1 and 3 - Mill LaneII 42. 38 and 40 North Park RoadII 43. 14 and 16 South Park RoadII 44. Waverley House - South Park RoadII 45. Whitefield House - Pigeon House, Ingoe LaneII 46. Corporation Rent Office - Ingoe LaneII 47. Dovecote - Ingoe LaneII 48. Sefton Cottage - Kirkby RowII* 49. St Chad's Church - Old Hall Lane

(Upgrade Sept 2007)II 50. Vicarage Old Hall Lane/1-2 - Austin CloseII 51. Stables - To North of Vicarage, Old Hall Lane /

3 Austin CloseII 52. Gate Piers to South of Vicarage, entrance to

Austin Close off Old Hall LaneII 53. Kirkby Hall Lodge - Old Hall LaneII 54. 63 and 65 Ribblers LaneII 55. 81 and 83 Ribblers LaneII 56. 101 and 103 Ribblers LaneII 57. 121 and 123 Ribblers LaneII 58. 118, 120 and 122 Sefton Arms Cottages, Ribblers LaneII 59. 16 North Park RoadII 60. Kirkby War Memorial, Old Hall Lane (July 07)

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PLACE GRADE LOCATION

KNOWSLEY II* 61. Knowsley Hall - Knowsley Park and all curtilage props.II* 62. St Mary's Church - Knowsley Lane

(Upgraded 24 Sept 2010)II 63. Gellings Farm House off Randles RoadII 64. School Cottages, 224 and 226 Knowsley LaneII 65. Littlewood LodgeII 66. Knowsley Vicarage - Tithebarn Lane

PRESCOT II 67 6 Beesley RoadII 68. 34 Church Street - Prescot MuseumI 69. Church of St MaryII 70. 2 Derby StreetII 71. 44-50 Derby StreetII 72. 52 and 54 Derby Street (Clockface)II 73. Stable Block, Derby Street (Clockface)II 74. 30 Eccleston StreetII 75. 3 High StreetII 76. 11 High StreetII 77. 37 High StreetII 78. 48-50 St Helens RoadII 79. 2 Vicarage PlaceII 80. 4 Vicarage PlaceII 81. 6 Vicarage PlaceII 82. 10 Vicarage PlaceII 83. 14 Vicarage PlaceII 84. Church of Our Lady Immaculate - Vicarage PlaceII 85. The Lancashire Watch Factory - Albany RoadII 86. Detached Workshop to the rear of

No. 20 Grosvenor RoadII 87. No. 17 Atherton StreetII. 88. No. 9 Market Place with former workshop to rear

TARBOCK II 89. Rose Cottage/Heathgate - Greensbridge LaneII 90. Tarbock Hall Farm House - Ox Lane

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PLACE GRADE LOCATION

WHISTON II 91. NE Lodge (Rainhill Lodge) to Halsnead Park -Fox's Bank Lane

II 92. Gate Piers to NE Lodge to Halsnead Park,Fox's Bank Lane

II 93. Old Halsnead - Fox's Bank LaneII 94. Barn at Snapegate - Fox's Bank LaneII 95. Sandfield Cottage - Lickers LaneII 96. St Nicholas' Church - Windy Arbor RoadII 97. Carr House Farmhouse - Windy Arbor LaneII 98. Carr House Barn - Windy Arbor RoadII 99. Ropers Bridge - Dragon Lane

(November 2007 Added)

99 Listings

122 Listed Buildings

1 Grade I

4 Grade II*

117 Grade II

NB: Knowsley Village Hall considered for designation 2012. Not given Listed Status.

Appendix 2

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Conservation Areas in KnowsleyAll designated in 1978

1. Cronton

2. Halewood

3. Ingoe lane Article 4

4. Knowsley Village Article 4

5. North Park Road

6. South Park Road

7. Old Hall lane

8. Ribblers lane

9. Prescot CAA and CAMP adopted May 2012 Boundary redefined May 2012,

10. St Michaels Church, Huyton Article 4

11. The Orchard, Huyton

12. Victoria Road / Huyton Church Road Huyton

13. Tarbock Green

14. Tarbock Village

15. Roby

List of Designated Historic Parks and Gardens

Knowsley Hall Park and Estate - Grade II A park which originated in the C13 and waslandscaped during the late C18 incorporatingelements of a late C17 and early C18landscape. Lancelot Brown drew upproposals for the park and kitchen garden in1775 and 1776 and it is possible that parts ofthe park were altered to his designs. Duringthe 1830s William Sawrey Gilpin advised thethirteenth Earl of Derby on various mattersrelating to the park.

Croxteth Park (Partial) - Grade IIPleasure grounds and a park dating mainlyfrom the early and mid C19 which form thesetting for a country house. It is also the siteof a C12 park.http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for-england/

List of Historic Graveyards - None Designated

Prescot Cemetery

St Michaels Cemetery, Huyton

Welsh Cemetery, Prescot

St Chads, Kirkby

St Mary’s, Prescot

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Case Studies of Former and Existing- Heritage Led Projects in Knowsley

The Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative(THI) required a two stage application to HLF.Stage one was a competitive stage with otherlocal authorities within the UK. Knowsley wasawarded a grant of £45K to develop the stagetwo of the bid. After 12 months of working onthe stage two application the Council wasawarded £1.8 million. The Prescot THI is afive year initiative. The Council will work inpartnership with local stakeholders andbusinesses to regenerate Prescot town centreutilising the historic environment as a catalystfor regeneration, and the refurbishment ofcertain historic buildings within the time. The initiative incorporates traditional skillstraining, community activities, and a fullprogramme of heritage related activity. The Prescot Townscape Heritage InitiativeOfficer, Owen Barton can be contacted via thedetails below. Tel. 0151 443 2757 Email: owen.barton@Knowsley.gov.uk web: www.prescotthi.org.uk

The Conservation Skills and InterpretationProject (CSIP): After successfully beingawarded £177,000 by the Heritage LotteryFund, Knowsley Council managed theConservation Skills and Interpretation Project,‘Look to the Future: Celebrate our Past’. Theextended two year project (2008 to 2011)offered an exciting programme of activitiesthat appealed to all ages. These included twoheritage celebration days, the forming andtraining of a ‘Young Conservation Officers’Group. A course in ‘Traditional Skills’ forcollege students and ‘Have a Go Days’ foryounger primary school pupils. Guidedheritage walks were arranged in historic areaswithin the Borough and booklets werepublished for Knowsley resident to undertakethe walks at their own pace. The KnowsleyCommemorative Plaque Scheme developedinto a Knowsley Wall of Fame and this islocated on the Huyton Library. TheInterpretation panels are unique to theirspecific area they incorporate a ‘word-scape’derived from the memories of the participatingcommunity groups.http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to-see-and-do/local-history/conservation-skills-project.aspx

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Appendix 3

Knowsley Wall of Fame Famous sons of theBorough, including Knowsley freeman andLiverpool Captain Steven Gerrard, renownedchemist Sir Joseph Beecham, producer PhilRedmond and football hero Peter Reid areamong those whose names take pride ofplace on the wall, which was unveiled atHuyton Library.

The 12 names featured on the Wall of Famewere voted for in a public competition as partof a Conservation Skills and InterpretationProject which took place across Knowsley,funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Othernames featured include former Prime MinisterHarold Wilson, poet Matt Simpson, conductorSir Thomas Beecham and Oscar winningactor, Sir Rex Harrison.Kirkby born John Conte said: “It is an honourto see my name up here alongside the other11 people featured, all of whom haveachieved so much in their different fields. ThisWall of Fame is a great idea which will makelocal people proud of their area, and showthem that anyone can achieve their dreams ifthey work hard.”Cllr Dave Lonergan, Knowsley Council’sCabinet Member for Regeneration, Economy

and Skills said: “Over the generations therehas been an impressive number of Knowsleypeople who have made a real mark on history,whether it has been in politics, science, sportor the arts. This list was based entirely onvotes from residents, and it is nice that we canrecognise our local heroes, and inspire futuregenerations in this way.” The plaque is nowon permanent display in Huyton, outside thelibrary on Civic Way.

Restoration of Historic Crosses,Landmarks and Milestones Project(RHCLM) 2006 - 2008This project was bid for under the ‘YourHeritage’ HLF programme it was a two yearproject that was completed in 2008. Thefunding received from HLF was £42k this wasmatched with Council monies to restore eightof the Borough’s historic artefacts. Eightbronze information panels were erected solocal people could learn about the artefacts.A number of heritage workshops were hostedby a heritage actress in local schools andchildren learned about toll roads milestonesand historic crosses. A children’s heritageactivity booklet was produced and heritageexhibitions toured the Borough. The two

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community based heritage activity workshopsnamely ‘Angels in the Architecture’ and‘Green Man in the Gallery’ were well receivedby the Knowsley community.http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to-see-and-do/local-history/restoration-project.aspx

To promote the restoration of Knowsley'shistoric milestones, crosses and landmarks,exhibitions were displayed in the Borough'slibraries, One Stop Shops and also at PrescotMuseum. The displays were also taken alongto the Heritage Events and proved to be agreat pull for local people of all ages. Historicmaps from the 1890s were particularlypopular with older generations whilst youngerfamily members took part in the craft andworkshop activities.

RHCML - Green Man in the GalleryThe ‘Green Man in the Gallery’ workshopswere craft workshops to reproduce the figureof the Green man typically seen in architectand myth related works. The workshops alsoeducated young people about traditionalinstruments with a trio of medieval minstrelsdressed in period costume leading thesinging throughout the event. The minstrelsperformed medieval music, letting visitorshandle the instruments and view theinformation display boards.

The Green Man was a medieval entity that isdepicted in many historic buildings. Thetheme also fitted in quite nicely as Halloweenloomed and grotesque images of The GreenMan appealed to younger audiences. Visitorstook part in making green man plaques out ofclay and took them home to paint

RHCML - Angels in the ArchitectureThe ‘Angels in the Architecture’ craftworkshop exhibited displays of how angelsare depicted in local and national buildingsand memorials. Community workshops tookplace and help local residents and childrentook part in making clay angel figures andused wool felt to make hanging angelornaments.

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Knowsley Metropolitan Borough CouncilDepartment of Regeneration Economy and Skills

Planning Department PO Box 26

Huyton KnowsleyMerseyside L36 9FB

Telephone: 0151 443 2397

Adopted July 2013