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KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc.
Mirotchnik, K., Kryuchkov, S., Strack, K. – M.
A novel method to determine NMR petrophysical parameters from drill
cuttings
2004
Presentation
Transaction of the Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, Annual Symposium, 45, MM
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SPWLA 2004
A novel method A novel method
to determine to determine
NMR NMR petrophysicalpetrophysical parameters parameters
from drill cuttingsfrom drill cuttingsSPWLA 2004, The NetherlandsSPWLA 2004, The Netherlands
K. Mirotchnik(1), S. Kryuchkov(1), K. Strack(2)
(1) NMR Plus Inc. Calgary(2) KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc., Houston
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SPWLA 2004
NMR NMR parmsparms from cuttingsfrom cuttings
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimating permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
OutlineOutline
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimating permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
NMR measurementsNMR measurements
• Have become a great contribution to medical science
• Allow petrophysical parameter derivations:⌦Logs (WL and LWD)⌦Cores
• Why not extend to low cost environments?
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SPWLA 2004
The trick in this presentationThe trick in this presentation……
• Take the measurements from the borehole back to the lab = mud logging cabin
• Improved hardware, tightly couple acquisition w/ hardware and focus on application
• Derive special petrophysical models for automated interpretation.
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SPWLA 2004
NMR parameter from cores NMR parameter from cores vsvs cuttingscuttings
Cores pro:• Accurate NMR parameter estimation• Work done in laboratory under controlled condition
Cores con:• Characterizes only selected part of well• Characterization after drilling• Turn around time• Cost
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SPWLA 2004
Why Why NMR parameters from drill cuttings?NMR parameters from drill cuttings?In the past:• Small particles of cuttings – small signal –impossible to separate signal from noise• Sample preparation took too much time for well site applications
Suggested solution:• New tool has high signal-to-noise ratio >200• Optimized workflows include preparation, measurement and interpretation procedures.•Reduce turn-around time•Reduce cost
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SPWLA 2004
Technology development processTechnology development process
• Market evaluation• Feasibility study w/ cutting from 1 to 6.35 mm• Pilot experiments with solid samples and synthetic
cuttings• Pilot measurements (Canada, Russia, US and China)
Results:• Automated process integrated into one instrument
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SPWLA 2004
OutlineOutline
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimating permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
ProcessProcess to find cutting size rangeto find cutting size range
1. Obtain known rock samples 2. Plugs: determine total porosity,
permeability and Swirr with direct methods.
3. Measure NMR parameters (Sw=100%)4. Use similar samples for synthetic cuttings5. Measure NMR parameters (Sw=100%)6. Compare plug & cuttings results7. Also group by filtration radius & grain size
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SPWLA 2004
Cumulative relaxation timeCumulative relaxation timeBerea SS (cores & cuttings).Berea SS (cores & cuttings).
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
Relaxation Time, ms
Rev
ativ
e am
plitu
de
Berea, plug-1Berea, plug1-minBerea, plug1-maxBerea plug-2
Cores
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
Relaxation Time, ms
Rev
ativ
e am
plitu
de
Berea, Cuttings 1.0-3.35 mmBerea, Cuttings 1.0-3.35 mm-minBerea, Cuttings 1.0-3.35 mm-max
Cuttings 1 – 3.35 mm
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
Relaxation Time, ms
Rev
ativ
e am
plitu
de
Berea, Cuttings 3.35-6.35 mmBerea, Cuttings 3.35-6.35 mm-minBerea, Cuttings 3.35-6.35 mm-max
Cuttings 3.35-6.25 mm
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SPWLA 2004
OutlineOutline
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimating permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
Porosity determinationPorosity determination
• Most critical parameter is volume determination
• Determine hydrogen volume from weight/porosity measurements
• Compare with NMR measurements• Repeat for light & heavy oil saturations
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SPWLA 2004
y = 0.939x + 0.215R2 = 0.9514
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
V_H by weight, cm3
VH
NM
R, c
m3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
M ode l Numbe r
A B
Hydrogen volume: weight versus NMRHydrogen volume: weight versus NMR
Perfect fit
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SPWLA 2004
Porosity by Archimedes vs. NMR Porosity.Porosity by Archimedes vs. NMR Porosity.
Porosity Arch vs POR- NMR (NNLS)
y = 0.9984x + 0.2249R2 = 0.9731
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Porosity Arch, %
Poro
sity
(NM
R),
%
POR-TE=0.3 m s)
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SPWLA 2004
Biggest error sourcesBiggest error sources
• Accurate volume measurement
Porosity error• ± 1.2 % literature (Kenyon, 1992; Vinegar, 1995, Coates et al., 1999)
• Approx. 1% NMR from cuttings
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SPWLA 2004
OutlineOutline
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimating permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
ProcessProcess
• Determine Perm using standard models (i.e. Mean T2Model; Free Fluid Model)
Lg(PERM) =a * Φeff + b
Pore size distrubition and grain size dependent
Where a, b are constants Khannin (1976)
We based our values for filtration radii between 5 and 2 µm and rock type (172 samples)
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SPWLA 2004
Verification of permeability modelsVerification of permeability models• Models from samples from 6 fields• Samples from different saturations
water, oil +Swirr, water+ Soil_res. • Oils saturated samples contained
hydrocarbons with Visc<20cPs.• The pore surface wettability was water wet,
mixed and non-water wet.
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SPWLA 2004
Basics of Basics of MRMR--MLML™™ ModelModel
Four models were developed:
PERM= a* ∅eff + ba and b – Gs dependant coefficients
a4, b4very fine0.01-0.05Siltstone4
a3, b3fine0.05-0.1Siltstone3
a2, b2medium0.1-0.25Sandstone2
a1, b1coarse0.25-0.5Sandstone1
a, bGradeGrain size, mm
Lithology
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SPWLA 2004
Perm results comparisonPerm results comparison
Sample/cutting K*, mD Meff_min,
% Meff_max,
% Kmin, mD Kmax,
mD Cuttings size, mm Sample Berea-1 38 9.6 13.1 18 70 Sample Berea-2 70.5 12 14 45 100 Cutting Berea 38-70.5 9.2 13.5 15 80 3.3 – 6.3 Cutting Berea 38-70.5 7.3 10.8 7.5 30 1.0 – 3.3 Sample FCR 12.7 8.3 11.1 10 32 Cutting FCR 12.7 6.8 10.2 6 22 3.3 – 6.3 Cutting FCR 12.7 7.5 11.4 8 35 1.0 – 3.3
DirectPerm
PorosityMin. Max. Cutting
Size
NMR PermMin. Max.Core
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SPWLA 2004
PERM results comparisonPERM results comparison
y = 0.874x0.9354
R2 = 0.9278
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
PERM_direct, mD
Perm
_cr3
, mD
Set 1 Set 2
Set 3 Set 4
Set 5 Set 6
Equality
Perfect fit
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SPWLA 2004
Perm comparisonPerm comparison
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
PERM-direct, mD
PERM
-NM
R_Co
ates
K3max
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
Perm-direct, mDPe
rm_M
3_m
in, m
D
A B100% water saturation Water & oil mixed
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SPWLA 2004
OutlineOutline
• Motivation• Determining cutting size• Estimating porosity• Estimation permeabilities• Summary & outlook
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SPWLA 2004
Results from ChinaResults from China
Permeability NMR Kenyon vs Permeability from Customer
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01
Permeability from Customer (mD)
Perm
eabi
lity
NM
R K
enyo
n (m
D)
Porosity NMR vs Porosity from Customer y = 1.0997x + 0.812R2 = 0.8977
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Porosity from Customer (% )
Poro
sity
NM
R (%
)
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SPWLA 2004
Results from SiberiaResults from SiberiaPorosity Arch vs POR- NMR (NNLS)
y = 0.9984x + 0.2249R2 = 0.97
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Porosity Arch, %
Poro
sity
(NM
R),
%
POR-TE=0.3 ms)
PERM determination acco rding to Crite rion 3
y = 0.874x0.9354
R2 = 0.9278
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0.1 1 10 1 00 1000 10000
PERM_direct, mD
Perm
_cr3
, mD
Set 1 Set 2
Set 3 Set 4
Set 5 Set 6
Equality
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SPWLA 2004
ConclusionConclusion
• Porosity, permeability can be determined from drill cutting > 1mm for clastics
• Carbonates require reservoir specific fine tuning of the model.
• Measuring the NMR parameters at the well site is a large cost saving
• As experience with the method increases, we can address other NMR parameters also.
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SPWLA 2004
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Canadian government for funding
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