Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae

Fungi are…organisms that consume food –

mainly breaking down dead and decaying matter

organisms that have a nucleusorganisms that have a cell wall

Think-Pair-ShareWith your partner, list the 5 ways

that fungus might be classified. (Reflect back on your notes on classification). After discussion, place a star next to those used to classify fungus.

Think – Pair – Share Answer1. Behaviors2. Biochemistry – the DNA3. Embryology4. Physical Characteristics5. Evolutionary History

(Phylogeny)

Major Structures

Major Structures1. Hyphae – tiny filaments that

make up the fungus2. Mycelium – many hyphae tangled

together3. Fruiting Body – Reproductive

structure that develops from a mycelium and grows below ground

Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following

diagram with the major structures of a fungus

Common MoldsSexually reproducing fungiHyphae generally lack cell

wallsExamples: black bread mold

Sac FungiReproduce both sexually and

asexuallyCan be unicellular and

multicellularExamples: Cup Fungus, Yeasts

Club FungiThese fungi can be edibleThis is an extremely diverse category

of fungus Examples: Orange Jelly, Shelf Fungus,

Mushrooms

Imperfect FungiAll fungi that are not placed into

other groups (phyla) are placed here

NEVER been shown to have a sexual life cycle

Example: Penicillium

Interactions with the Environment

Decomposers – break down dead matter into the nutrients that make it up

Nutrient recyclers Positive relationship with treesCause famine, and disease in

plants, animals, and humans

Most plants…Autotrophs – make their own

foodHave a NUCLEUS!MulticellularHave a cell wall

Plants make a move from water to land!Evolved from organisms like green

algae Evolution required adaptations

Waxy Cuticle – protects from water loss

Vascular tissue – helps move water and nutrients through the plant

Seeds/Flowers – allows for sexual reproduction

Non-Vascular PlantsLack specialized tissue to help

move food and waterVery shortExamples: mosses, liverworts,

hornworts

Vascular Plants Xylem and Phloem move water and food All have true roots, leaves, and stems Some are seedless:

Some have seeds: angiosperms, gymnosperms Seeds allow the plant to reproduce without water

Check for Understanding With your partner, hypothesize why it

was important for vascular tissue to develop in land-dwelling plants.

There is not ONE correct answer! Enabled plants to grow taller, allowed plants to get nutrients more easily, allowed plants to grow deeper roots to access water because it can move throughout the plant, provided plants with more structure and support

Gymnosperms

Known as flowering plants, any plant that bears seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seeds

Examples: apple tree, rose Two types: monocots, dicots

Angiosperms

Any plants that bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones

Examples: ginkgoes, cycads

MonocotsSingle cotyledon (seed leaves)The veins of the leaves run parallelFloral parts (petals) occur mostly in

multiples of 3Vascular bundles are scattered

throughout the stemFibrous roots

DicotsTwo cotyledons (seed leaves)Leaves have branched veinsFlower parts (petals) occur often in

multiples of 4 or 5Vascular bundles arranged in a ringRoots function like a taproot

Key Plant Parts Anther – oval sac where pollen is found Filament – long, thin stalk that supports anther Stigma – sticky portion at top of style Petal – attract insects and pollinators to flower Sepal – protect the flower while it develops Ovary – surrounds the ovule (female reproductive

portion of the plant)

Check for Understanding With your partner, label the following

picture below with the following terms anther, filament, stigma, style, petal, sepal, ovary, ovule. (You are hypothesizing the location based on the functions we discussed.)