kingdom plantae. they are complex, multicellular organisms the cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and...
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KingdomKingdomPlantaePlantae
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Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae
• They are complex, multicellular organisms• The cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and other
organelles• They have chlorophyll and can make their own
food by photosynthesis• Most of them are anchored to the ground, and
only parts of the body can move slightly as a result of growth
• They live on land and in water
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Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants
PlantsPlants
NonNon--flowering plantsflowering plants Flowering plantsFlowering plants
GymnospermsGymnospermsMossesMosses
FernsFerns
DicotsDicotsMonocotsMonocots
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NON-FLOWERING NON-FLOWERING PLANTSPLANTS
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Non-Flowering PlantsNon-Flowering Plants
Non-flowering plants DO NOT produce flowers!
Major groups include:
• Mosses
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms
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MossesMosses
• They are the simplest plants
• They have simple stems and leaves but NO roots. Instead, they have some hair-like structures called rhizoids arising from the base of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in the soil and absorb water and minerals
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RhizoidsRhizoids
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MossesMosses
• They are the simplest plant• They have simple stems and leaves but NO
roots. Instead, they have some hair-like structures called rhizoids arising from the base of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in the soil and absorb water and minerals
• They do not have vascular tissues • They reproduce by releasing spores from
capsules to be dispersed by wind
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MossesMosses
• They are the simplest plant• They have simple stems and leaves but NO
roots. Instead, they have some hair-like structures called rhizoids arising from the base of the stem. The rhizoids fix the plant body in the soil and absorb water and minerals
• They do not have vascular tissues • They reproduce by releasing spores from
capsules to be dispersed by wind• They grow in damp places in land
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MossesMosses
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MossesMosses
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FernsFerns
• They have roots, underground stems and leaves. The leaves are usually divided into small parts
• They have vascular tissues for transporting water, minerals and food substances. The system also supports the plant body
• Ferns reproduce by releasing spores from spore-producing organs on the underside of the leaves
• They are found mainly in damp and shady places
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Spore-Producing OrgansSpore-Producing Organs
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FernsFerns
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GymnospermsGymnosperms
• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well developed roots, woody stems and needle-shaped leaves
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Needle-Shaped LeavesNeedle-Shaped Leaves
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GymnospermsGymnosperms• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well
developed roots , woody stems and needle-shaped leaves
• They have efficient vascular tissues • They produce male and female cones which
contain reproductive structures. The seeds needed for reproduction are not enclosed by fruits and are called naked seeds. These seeds are held in female cones. When mature, the seeds are dispersed by wind
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Male pine conesMale pine cones Female pine conesFemale pine cones
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GymnospermsGymnosperms• Most of them are tall evergreen trees with well
developed roots , woody stems and needle-shaped leaves
• They have efficient vascular tissues • They produce male and female cones which contain
reproductive structures. The seeds needed for reproduction are not enclosed by fruits and are called naked seeds. These seeds are held in female cones. When mature, the seeds are dispersed by wind
• They are adapted to grow in relatively dry places
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Examples of GymnospermsExamples of Gymnosperms
• Pines • Cycads
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FLOWERING FLOWERING PLANTSPLANTS
(Angiosperms)(Angiosperms)
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Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
Flowering plants DO produce flowers!
They may be in the form of:
• Herbaceous plants
• Shrubs
• Trees
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Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
• They can be found in different habitats such as forests, grasslands, dry lands and wetlands
• They have well developed roots, stems and leaves
• They have vascular tissues• They produce flowers that develop into fruits.
The fruits contain seeds, which can develop into new plants
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Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons (Monocots)(Monocots)
DicotyledonsDicotyledons (Dicots)(Dicots)
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Monocotyledonous Monocotyledonous PlantsPlants
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MonocotsMonocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. corn)
Definition of a cotyledon: a simple embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, which, in some species, forms the first green leaf after germination
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MonocotsMonocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. corn)
• The veins on the leaves are usually parallel
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Notice that the veins are all running parallel to one another
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MonocotsMonocots
• They have only one cotyledon (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. corn)
• The veins on the leaves are usually parallel
• Most of them are herbaceous plants (plants with no woody stem)
• Flower parts are in multiples of three
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Examples of MonocotsExamples of Monocots
• Grass
• Orchid
• Lily
• Our 4 most important food – corn, rice, wheat and barley – all came from monocots
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GrassGrassMaizeMaize
BarleyBarley
LilyLilyWild RiceWild RiceOrchidOrchid
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Dicotyledonous Dicotyledonous PlantsPlants
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DicotsDicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
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2 first leaves2 first leaves
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DicotsDicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
• The veins on the leaves are usually in network form
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Notice that the veins are all branching out and forming a network
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DicotsDicots
• They have two cotyledons (i.e. seed leaf) in the seed (e.g. bean, peanut)
• The veins on the leaves are usually in network form
• They cab be trees, shrubs (a low, woody plant) or herbs
• Flower parts are in multiples of four or five
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BauhiniaBauhinia
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Examples of DicotsExamples of Dicots
• Dandelion
• Sunflower
• Rose
• Most flowering trees such as oak, walnut, willow, apple, papaya, etc.
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DandelionDandelion
SunflowerSunflower
Oak TreeOak Tree RoseRose Papaya TreePapaya Tree
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Monocots vs. DicotsMonocots vs. Dicots
• One CotyledonOne Cotyledon
• Veins in parallel Veins in parallel formform
• Petals in multiples Petals in multiples of threeof three
• Two cotyledonsTwo cotyledons
• Veins in network Veins in network formform
• Petals in multiples Petals in multiples of four of fiveof four of five
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Summary of the Plant KingdomSummary of the Plant KingdomPlantsPlants
Non-Flowering Plants Non-Flowering Plants Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
Spore-Bearing PlantsSpore-Bearing Plants Naked Seed PlantsNaked Seed Plants
Mosses Mosses (No vascular tissues; with simple stems and leaves but no roots) FernsFerns
(With vascular tissues; with roots, underground stems and leaves)
GymnospermsGymnosperms Monocotyledonous PlantsMonocotyledonous Plants
(With one seed leaf)
AngiospermsAngiosperms
Dicotyledonous PlantsDicotyledonous Plants
(With two seed leaves)