Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

ReproductionReproduction

General Characteristics

Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic

Plant Classification

Vascular vs Nonvascular

Have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

Include the flowering plants (angiosperms) and cone bearing plants (gymnosperms)

Do not have vascular tissue

Do not grow very tall Must live in wet/moist

habitats

Photo-Moss

Photos-Liverworts

Photos-ferns, clubmoss, horsetails

Angiosperms Gymnosperms

Flowering plants Ex) maples, roses,

daffodils, poinsettias, grasses

Are broken up further into monocots and dicots

Cone bearing plants Ex) firs, pines, hemlock,

spruce

Angiosperm photos

Gymnosperm photos

Ch 10 Review-asexual reproduction in plants

Natural Corms Tubers Runners Bulbs rhizomes

Artificial Layering Cutting Grafting

Sexual reproduction in plants involves flowers and cones!

Gymnosperms do not form flowers

Most gymnosperms are conifers such as pines and spruce

Seeds are produced on the scales of their reproductive structures-the cone

Angiosperms are flowering plants

The flower is a sex organ! Seeds are produced and

enclosed in a fruit

Define these terms:

Petals Stamens Anther Stigma Ovary

Sepals Calyx Corolla Filament Pistil Style Fruit

Label thisflower:

Attracting Pollinators

Pollination-the transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma

Self-pollination-transfer occurs on the same plant

Cross-pollination-transfer occurs between 2 different plants

Pollinators

1) Wind-flowers not very showy 2) Insects, birds, bats-attracted by colorful

flowers and attractive scents, sometimes the plant rewards these pollinators with nectar ( a sugary liquid)

Fruits and Seeds

After fertilization… Ovules become seeds Ovaries become fruit (for the protection and dispersal

of seeds)

Seeds=ripened ovules

3 parts 1) seed coat-protective outer covering 2) embryo-develops by mitosis after fertilization 3) endosperm-food storage

Seed dispersal-in order for a plant species to survive it must effectively disperse its seeds

Some adaptations: Lightweight seeds have attachments so they can be

carried by the wind Some float in water Burs or hooks that get stuck to mammals fur and

carried off Sweet fleshy fruits eaten by animals so the seeds will

be carried elsewhere Pressure inside the ovary causing seed pod to explode

Dormancy

-the ability of a seed to slow its growth or stop it altogether until conditions are favorable

Cotyledons

-the seed leaf, all angiosperm embryos have at least one

Sometimes it also functions as food storage like the endosperm

Monocot vs Dicot

Have only 1 cotyledon Leaves have parallel veins Flower parts are in 3’s Vascular tissue in the

stems are in scattered bundles

Have 2 cotyledons Leaves have net like veins Flower parts are in 4’s or

5’s Vascular tissue bundles

form a ring in the stem

Monocot vs. Dicot