kingdom animalia & phylum porifera
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kingdom Animalia notes:1. In your own words, define:
a. Ectodermb. Endodermc. Mesodermd. Invertebratee. Vertebrate f. Carnivoreg. Herbivore
h. Omnivorei. Symmetryj. Asymmetry
k. Bilateral symmetryl. Radial symmetrym. Cephalizationn. notochord
2. List the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia3. Describe the different types of body cavities including explaining coelom, coelomate, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, mesodermal, peritoneum)
![Page 2: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ANSWERS:a. Ectoderm – the layer of the gastrula that will form
the outer part of the body b. Endoderm – the layer of the gastrula that will form
the inside of the body c. Mesoderm – the layer of the gastrula that will
form muscles, reproductive organs, kidneys, blood vessels and bone.
![Page 3: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Embryonic Development
SPERM
EGG
MORULA
BLASTULA
![Page 4: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gastrula Development
ECTODERM
MESODERMENDODERM
![Page 5: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ANSWERS:d. Invertebrate – animal with no backbonee. Vertebrate – animals with notochord (at some
stage of their life)f. Carnivore – animals that eat other animalsg. Herbivore – animals that only eat plantsh. Omnivore – animals that eat both plant and
animalsi. Symmetry – refers to the pattern of body plans in
animals and is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts
j. Asymmetry – lacking balanced distribution
![Page 6: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
k. Bilateral symmetry – right & left halves are mirror images
l. Radial symmetry – symmetry around a central axis
m. Cephalization – concentration of nerve tissue at the anterior end of the animal’s body (e.g. brain)
n. Notochord – flexible rod-shaped body that runs lengthwise along the dorsal surface beneath the nerve cord (turns into vertebrae column in most vertebrates)
![Page 7: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3 types of symmetry:
Asymmetrical Radial Bilateral
EVOLUTION 7
![Page 8: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Symmetry
![Page 9: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Kingdom Animalia
![Page 11: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics:– Eukaryotic– All multicellular– All heterotrophic– Motile (moveable)– Most reproduce
sexually, some asexually or both
![Page 12: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Classification of Animals
• Organisms are grouped into taxa on the basis of similar characteristics
• Evolutionary patterns are evident as animals developed more complexity
• Characteristics for classification:1. Tissue organization2. Symmetry3. Gastrulation4. Body Cavities
![Page 13: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1. Tissue Organization• Tissue: Group of similar cells from the same
developmental origin that work together to carry out a specific function.
• Tissues group and function together to form organs.
• Organs working together are called a system
![Page 14: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2. Symmetry• Organisms may exhibit asymmetry, radial
symmetry or bilateral symmetry.• More complex organisms tend to be
bilaterally symmetrical
![Page 15: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. Gastrulation
• A developing zygote forms a hollow ball of cells.
• The ball of cells folds inward forming an opening and inner cavity
• The opening will develop and form either:– Mouth (Protostome)– Anus (Deuterostome)
![Page 16: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4. Body Cavities
• Body Cavity: Fluid filled space between the outer covering (ectoderm) and lining of the gut cavity (endoderm)
• Acoelomate: Organisms with no fluid filled body cavity
• Pseudocoelomate: Fluid filled cavity partially lined by mesoderm
• Coelomate: Cavity fully lined by mesoderm
![Page 18: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Body Cavities
![Page 19: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Animal Phyla we will study:Porifera
• Sponges• 10,000 known species• Calcareous, glass, coralline (tropical), demosponges
(like the bath sponge)
21
![Page 22: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cnidaria
• Sea anemone• Coral• Jellyfish• Hydra
22
![Page 23: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Platyhelminthes
• Planarians• Flukes• Tapeworms
23
![Page 24: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nematoda
• Roundworms
24
![Page 25: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Annelida
• Oligochaeta: Earthworms• Hirudinea: Leeches• Polychaeta:
25
![Page 26: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mollusca
• Bivalves: clams, oysters, mussels• Gastropods: Snails, nudibranchs• Chitons• Cephalopods: Squid, Octopus
26
![Page 27: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Echinodermata
• Sea urchin• Sand dollar• Sea star• Sea cucumber
27
![Page 28: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Arthropoda
• Spiders• Crustaceans (crab, lobster)• Insects
28
![Page 29: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Chordata (Vertebrates)
• Animals with a backbone
29
![Page 30: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Phylum Porifera“pore bearers”
SPONGES
![Page 31: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Brain Sponge
![Page 32: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cloud Sponge
![Page 33: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sponges – Simplest Animals
• Sponge embryos does not have any layers, just cells.
• No specialized tissues or organs• Many similarities to colonial single celled
organisms• Classified in Kingdom Animalia because they
are eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic
![Page 35: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Characteristics:
• Body type: asymmetrical
• Ecological roles: – food source– homes/shelter– symbiotic with bacteria
• Body organization : – Diploblastic– 2 germ layers: endoderm
and ectoderm.
• Body cavity: acoelomate
![Page 37: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Characteristics continued:• Digestive system:
– Filter feeders – using ostia, collar cells, food vacuoles & osculum
![Page 38: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Reproduction: – Sexual: hermaphroditic
• Sponges undergo metamorphosis from free swimming larvae to sessile adult
– Asexual: budding, branching, & fragmentation
Characteristics continued:
![Page 39: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Characteristics continued:
• Circulation: diffusion
• Nervous system: none
• Respiration & excretion: diffusion
• Habitat: aquatic – oceans and lakes
![Page 42: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Additional Characteristics:
• Sessile – cannot move (larva is motile)
• Able to regenerate = can regrow missing or damaged body parts.
• Simplest and most primitive animals
• Has spicules – glass-like structures that give support and structure
![Page 43: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: kingdom animalia & phylum porifera](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5873419f1a28abf21b8b718f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The Wonderful World of Sponges (start at 1 minute):http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o&NR=1&feature=fvwp
You tube sponge reproduction:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o