kinetics of enzyme reactions

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Kinetics of Enzyme Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions Reactions Srbová Martina

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Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions. Srbová Martina. k 1. k cat. rapid reversible reaction. slow irreversible reaction. k -1. E + S ES E + P. Rate of the conversion of substrate to products (S  P): v = k cat [ ES ]. V max [ E ] t. k cat =. V max [ S ] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Kinetics of Enzyme Kinetics of Enzyme ReactionsReactions

Srbová Martina

Page 2: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

E + S ES E + Pk1

k-1

kcat

rapid

reversible reaction

slow

irreversible reaction

Rate of the conversion of substrate to products (S P):

v = kcat [ES]

Page 3: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Michaelis-Menten EquationMichaelis-Menten Equation1. The ES complex is in a steady state.

2. All of the enzyme is converted to the ES complex.

3. Rate of formation of the products will be the maximum rate possible.

Vmax = kcat[E]total

Turnover number

number of molecules of substrate that one molecule of the enzyme can convert to product per unit time

kcat =Vmax

[E]t

Vmax [S] v =

[S] + Km

Michaelis constant

Page 4: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Lineweaver-Burk PlotLineweaver-Burk Plot

1 Km 1 1

v Vmax [S] Vmax

= • +

Page 5: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Multisubstrate reactionsMultisubstrate reactions

1. Ternary-complex mechanism

Random mechanism

Two substrates A and B can bind in any order

P,Q - products

Ordered mechanism

Binding of A is required before B can bound

Page 6: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

2. Ping-pong mechanism

Substrate A reacts with E to produce product P which is released before the second substrate B will bind to modified enzyme E´. The substrate B is then converted to product Q and the enzyme is regenerated.

Page 7: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Enzyme activityEnzyme activityStandard unit of enzyme activity (U) [ mol / min ]

- amount of enzyme that convert 1 mol substrate per 1min

SI unit Katal (kat) [mol /s]

- amount of enzyme that convert 1 mol substrate per 1s

Factors which effect enzyme activity

temperature

optimum for human enzymes

is between 35 – 45 °C

pH

Page 8: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Reversible InhibitionReversible Inhibition

Page 9: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Competitive InhibitionCompetitive Inhibition

E + S ES E+P

EI

+I

Competitive inhibitors bind at substrate binding site and compete with the substrate for the enzyme

no inhibitor

plus inhibitor

Page 10: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Noncompetitive InhibitionNoncompetitive InhibitionE + S ES E+P

EI + S EIS

+I

+I

Noncompetive inhibitors bind at a site other than the substrate binding site

no inhibitor

plus inhibitor

Page 11: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Uncompetitive InhibitionUncompetitive Inhibition

E + S ES E+P

EIS

+I

Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only with the ES form of the enzyme

Page 12: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Irreversible InhibitionIrreversible Inhibition Irreversible inhibitors cause covalent modification of the

enzyme Toxins: e.g. Amanitin (Amanita phaloides)

Diisopropylfluorophosfate (DFP)

- binds to the serine in the active site deactivation of ezyme

eg .inhibition of acetylcholine esterase

Penicillin inhibits bacterial transpeptidase

Page 13: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Control of enzyme activityControl of enzyme activity

1. Allosteric enzymes

A B C DE1 E2 E3

Negative feedback /feedback inhibition

Page 14: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

2. Covalently modulated enzymes

zymogens Glycogen phosphorylaseundergo cleavage to

produce an active enzyme

Page 15: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

3. Isozymes

- catalyze the same reaction- differ in AA sequences, catalytic acitivity (substrates/coenzymes affinity..)

Lactate dehydrogenase tetrameric, 2 types of subunits M, H

M4, M3H, M2H2, MH3, H4

Glucokinase x HexokinaseKm Km liver mostly in the other tissues

not inhibited by Glc- 6P inhibited by Glc- 6P

Page 16: Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention