kin selection and social behavior. i. motivation cooperative behaviors are widespread. why?
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kin Selection and Social
Behavior
![Page 2: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Motivation
Cooperative behaviors are widespread.
Why?
![Page 3: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Genetically related female banded mongooses live and breed in groups, and care for each other's young
![Page 4: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Actor Recipient
+, -
![Page 5: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
An individual’s survivorship and reproduction relative to other individuals in the population (Direct Fitness)
Hamilton’s Rule (1964):
Inclusive fitness =Direct fitness + indirect fitness
Kin selection: natural selection favoring the indirect component of fitness
(Benefit x relatedness) – Cost > 0; Br > C; r > C/BBenefit to recipient and cost to altruistRelatedness: probability that homolgous alleles in 2 individuals
are identical by descent
II. Theory of Altruism
![Page 6: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Computing relatedness with pedigrees
The arrows describe paths by which genes can be identical by descent
Indirect Fitness through a Relative
![Page 7: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Black-tailed prairie dogs give more alarm calls when kin are nearby
III. Evidence
![Page 8: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Male black-tailed prairie dogs change their alarm calling behavior when their living situation changes
5 males
![Page 9: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Helping Behavior in Birds:
White-fronted bee-eaters
![Page 10: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In bee-eaters, helpers assist close relatives
Fitness gains due to helping
![Page 11: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kin-selected discrimination in cannibalistic tadpoles
and salamanders
Benefit
![Page 12: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IV. Special case of Sociality True or Eusociality = 1. overlap in generations between parents and offspring 2. cooperative brood care 3. specialized castes of nonreproductive individuals
![Page 13: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Haplodiploidy produces unusual coefficients of relationship
![Page 14: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Haplo-diploidy and Sister-Sister relationship
mother father
r = ½ ½ 1 1
sister sister
Sisters on averageshare ½ genes through mother& all of theirgenes throughfather(1/2 + 1)/2 = ¾
Or
¼ + ½ = 3/4
![Page 15: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
phylogeny of the hymenoptera
Origins of complex nesting behaviour
![Page 16: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In paper wasps, the success of female coalitions varies
![Page 17: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Naked mole-rats have highly inbred colonies
![Page 18: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Naked mole-rat queens preferentially shove nonrelatives
![Page 19: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Masked boobies
Blue-footed boobies
V. Siblicide and Parent-OffspringConflict
Older sib always pushes sib from nest
Older sib sometimespushes sib from nest
![Page 21: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vampire batsThis photo shows a group of vampire bats roosting in a hollow tree
VI. Reciprocal Altruism
Cooperative behavior among non kin
![Page 23: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Also fed nest mates that had fed them
![Page 24: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusion
• Cooperative behaviors are widespread• Inclusive fitness• (B x r) – C > 0• Haplo-diploidy• Siblicide• Reciprocal altruism (Tit for Tat)• Other interesting topics: P-O conflict, sex
ratio evolution, greenbeard alleles
![Page 25: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Weaning conflict
VII. Parent-offspring conflict
![Page 26: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Parent-offspring conflict results from changes in the costs and benefits of parental care and asymmetries in relationship
Full Sib half-sib
Parent should stop investing below 1, and offspring will stopharrassing parent at ½, or ¼, respectively
![Page 28: Kin Selection and Social Behavior. I. Motivation Cooperative behaviors are widespread. Why?](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649cf85503460f949c82b6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bee-eaters recruit helpers who are younger and closely related