kielioppi (4)
TRANSCRIPT
BE, HAVE, DO
ovat pää- ja apuverbejä
BEbe + ing = being (vrt. a bee)
I was about to go home.
(be about to = olla tekemäisillään)
You are to be here at eight tomorrow.
(be to = olla määrä)
GR teht. 38, s. 53
HAVEI think I'll have a Coke and some pizza.
(have = syödä/juoda)
You need to have your computer fixed.
(have something done = teettää)
I'll have my friend take a look at it soon.
(have somebody do something = pyytää joku tekemään jotakin)
GR teht. 39, s. 56
DO
Do you live near here? - Yes, I do.
I did tell you about my plans beforehand.
(Kerroinhan… = korostava merkitys)
Epäsäännölliset verbit
Opeteltava ulkoa!GR s. 275
Passiivi Tom asked an important question.
vs. Tom was asked an important question.
Toiminta tai tekemisen kohde on tärkeämpää kuin tekijä.
Kuuluu huoliteltuun kieleen.
Puhekielessä käytetään passiivin vastineita: we, you, they, one & people.
We drink a lot of coffee in Finaland.
One never knows.
Passiivin muodostaminenbe-verbi taivutettuna persoonan mukaan
sopivassa aikamuodossa
pääverbin 3. muoto
Tekijä voidaan ilmaista lopussa by-prepositiolla.
This book was written by my friend.
John is given an award.
John was given an award.
John has been given an award.
John had been given an award.
John will be given an award.
John would be given an award.
John should be given an award.
We are being watched. (kestomuoto)
GR s. 63
HuomaaWe weren't helped. - Meitä ei autettu.
Tom was given the award. =
The award was given to Tom.
Sanomista, uskomista ja luulemista tarkoittavien verbien kanssa (say, believe, think):
IT + passiivi
It is often said that... It was believed that...