KIDNEYSANATOMY&RELATIONS

MUHAMMAD HASEEB TARIQ

LOCATION:

Kidneys are located in lumbar region of abdomen.

Kidneys are located behind the peritoneum , high in the posterior abdominal wall, on both sides of the vertebral column.

Right kidney is lower than the left kidney due to large right lobe of the liver.

During the respiratory movements of diaphragm both kidneys move about 1 inch.

STRUCTURE:

Kidneys have outer Cortex & inner Medulla. Medulla contains about 12 Pyramids. The pyramids have a renal papilla on medial side. In between the pyramids are present renal

columns. Extending from the base of pyramids into the

cortex are medullary rays. Renal sinus contains the renal pelvis (funnel

shaped portion of ureter). Pelvis divides into major calyces (2) which again

divide into minor calyces (3).

DESCRIPTION:

Kidney has a reddish brown colour. It has a bean shaped structure. In the center is present an

indentation known as hilum. The hilum contains the renal sinus. Sinus of the hilum transmits:

Two renal arteries Ureters Renal vein Third renal artery Lymph vessels & sympathetic fibers

COVERINGS:

FIBROUS CAPSULE: It completely covers the outer surface of kidney.

Perirenal fat: It lies outside the fibrous capsule.

Renal fascia: It surrounds the perirenal fat & suprarenal glands. It is a condensation of the connective tissue.

Pararenal fat: It is present external to renal fascia and is in excess. It is a part of retroperitoneal fat.

BLOOD SUPPLY:

Renal arteries supply the kidneys(L2). These divide into 5 segmental arteries. The segmental divide into lobar

arteries. There is 1 lobar artery for a single pyramid.

The lobar arteries divide into lobular arteries.

These give rise to arcuate arteries which form an arch over the pyramids.this gives rise to interlobular arteries which supply the cortex.

VEINOUS DRAINAGE:Renal veins directly drain the blood into

inferior vena cava.

LYMPH DRAINAGE:Lymph drains into lateral aortic lymph

nodes.

NERVE SUPPLY:Renal plexus supplies the sympathetic

supply.

RELATIONS OF RIGHT KIDNEY:ANTERIOR:Liver(Right lobe)Right colic flexureSecond part of duodenumSuprarenal glandPOSTERIOR:Diaphragm12th ribPsoasCostodiaphragmatic recessTransversus abdominisQuadratus lumborumIllioinguinal nerveIlliohypogastric nerveLateral cutaneous nerveSubcostal nerve

RELATIONS OF LEFT KIDNEY:

ANTERIOR:StomachPancreasSpleenCostodiaphragmatic recessSuprarenal glandLeft colic flexureCoils of jejunumPOSTERIOR:DiaphragmPsoas11th & 12th ribTransversus abdominisQuadratus lumborumIlliohypogastric nerveIllioinguinal nerveSubcostal nerve

THE END