khda pakistan educational academy 2014 2015

8/18/2019 KHDA Pakistan Educational Academy 2014 2015

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2/26

^ikfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 9

Eaotlots

Uebaac fogarmitfao …….……………………….……..………………………………………………………………………..:

Uummiry gar pirlots ioh tbl eammuofty ........................................................................................ 5

Mifo fospletfao rlpart ..................................................................................................................... 99

9. Utuhlots‖ iebflvlmlot ...............................................................................................................................9:

:. Utuhlots‖ plrsaoic ioh saefic hlvlcapmlot, ioh tblfr fooavitfao skfccs ................................................97

5. Xliebfo` ioh isslssmlot ...........................................................................................................................90

8. Eurrfeucum ....................................................................................................................................................96

^ravfsfao gar stuhlots wftb splefic lhueitfaoic ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls (ULOH) ......................................:9

7. Clihlrsbfp ioh mioi`lmlot .....................................................................................................................::

Xbl vflws ag tbl pirlots, tlieblrs ioh stuhlots .....................................................................................:


3/26

îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 :

Uebaac fogarmitfao

@lolric fogarmitfao

Caeitfao \mm Burifr

Xypl ag sebaac ^rfvitl

Aplofo` ylir ag sebaac 9672

Pljsftl www.pli.il

Xlclpbaol >8-550->9:7

Ihhrlss Â Jax 7:9

^rfoefpic Mubimmih Tibfh Izllm Tibfh

Cioùi`l ag fostruetfao Lo`cfsb

Fospletfao hitls 96 ta :: Aetajlr :>9<

Utuhlots

@lohlr ag stuhlots Jays ioh `frcs

I`l rio`l 8-92

@rihls ar ylir `raups Kfohlrìrtlo 9 ta @rihl 9:

Oumjlr ag stuhlots ao racc 9,7

Oumjlr ag Lmfritf stuhlots >

Oumjlr ag stuhlots wftb splefic lhueitfaoic

ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls ULOH)


4/26


Uummiry gar pirlots ioh tbl eammuofty

^ikfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy wis fospletlh jy HUFJ gram 96 ta :: Aetajlr :>9


5/26


6/26

^ikfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997


7/26


Baw wlcc hfh tbl sebaac pravfhl gar stuhlots wftb splefic lhueitfaoic ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls1

Xbl ̀ avlrofo` jahy ioh tbl prfoefpic ̀ ivl ̀ aah suppart ta tbl splefic lhueitfao tlim ta loijcl stuhlotswftb splefic lhueitfaoic ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls (ULOH) ta jl loracclh fo tbl sebaac. Xbl splefic lhueitfaotlim bih pravfhlh foftfic trifofo` gar tlieblrs ta blcp tblm fo tblfr wark wftb tblsl stuhlots.

Utuhlots wftb ULOH wlrl fhlotfgflh qufekcy usfo` mioy uslguc tlsts ioh rlparts. Xbl fogarmitfao ao tblslrlparts wis uslh ta mikl stuhy pcios ta blcp tbl stuhlots wftb tblfr clirofo`. Gurtblr hlvlcapmlot wftbtblsl pcios wis io irli tbl sebaac bih rleaòfslh is rlqufrfo` fmmlhfitl ittlotfao, fo arhlr gar tblm tajl marl lggletfvl fo mlltfo` tbl ollhs ag icc fhlotfgflh stuhlots.

îrlots ag stuhlots wftb ULOH wlrl wlceamlh fota tbl sebaac ioh wlrl uphitlh rlùcircy ao tbl pra`rlssag tblfr ebfchrlo. Xbl sebaac pcioolh ta fmpclmlot marl rlùcir trifofo` ioh ihvfel slssfaos gar pirlots,ta loijcl tblm ta jl guccy uphitlh ioh suppart tblfr ebfchrlo‖s wark it baml.

Xbl sebaac agtlo mihl ebio`ls ta tbl eurrfeucum fo arhlr ta mllt tbl splefgfe ollhs ag stuhlots wftbULOH. Bawlvlr, tbfs wis stfcc it io lircy sti`l ag lggletfvlolss ioh tbl sebaac rleaòfslh tbl ollh gargurtblr fmpravlmlot.

Utuhlots wftb ULOH mihl ieelptijcl pra`rlss fo icmast icc sujdlets ierass tbl sebaac. Fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo,tbly mihl ̀ aah pra`rlss fo Lo`cfsb ioh mitblmitfes. I ̀ aah ritl ag pra`rlss wis icsa mihl fo tbl saeficioh lmatfaoic hlvlcapmlot ag icmast icc stuhlots wftb ULOH.


8/26


Oitfaoic I`lohi îrimltlr

Fo :>98, B.B. Ublfkb Mabimmlh Jfo Zisbfh Ic Miktaum, Wfel-^rlsfhlot ioh ^rfml

Mfofstlr ag \IL, ioh Zuclr ag Hujif, ciuoeblh tbl \IL Oitfaoic I`lohi :>:9, wftb

lhueitfao jlfo` i prfml gaeus. Xbl Oitfaoic I`lohi foecuhls twa midar ajdletfvlshlvlcaplh wftb tbl fotlot ag pciefo` tbl \IL imao` tbl mast sueelssguc eauotrfls tbit

pravfhl warch-eciss lhueitfao. Jy :>:9, ft fs lxpletlh tbit tbl \IL wfcc gliturl fo tbl tap

twloty eauotrfls fo tbl ‒^ra`rimml gar Fotlroitfaoic Utuhlot Isslssmlot‖ (^FUI) tlst ioh

fo tbl tap gfgtllo eauotrfls fo tbl ‒Xrlohs fo Mitblmitfes ioh Uefloel Utuhfls‖ (XFMUU)

tlst.

Fo rlspaosl ta tbfs, lieb pirtfefpitfo` sebaac wis fssulh i rlpart a o tblfr stuhlots‖ plrgarmioel fo tblslfotlroitfaoic isslssmlots ioh fo ihhftfao, tbly wlrl pravfhlh wftb eclir tir`lts gar fmpravfo` tblfr plrgarmioel.Xbfs ieihlmfe ylir, KBHI fotrahuelh tbl Oitfaoic I`lohi îrimltlr, wbfeb fs i mltbah gar mlisurfo` ioh

maoftarfo` sebaacs‖ pra`rlss tawirhs iebflvfo` tblfr fohfvfhuic Oitfaoic I`lohi tir`lts tbau`b tbl usl aglxtlroic jloebmirkfo` isslssmlots.

Mifo pafots4

Xbl sebaac hfh oat guccy mllt tbl rl`fstritfao rlqufrlmlots ag tbl Oitfaoic I`lohi îrimltlr. Xblittifomlot hiti wis oat suggfeflot ta mikl i gucc duh`lmlot ao tbl pra`rlss tawirhs mlltfo` tbl OitfaoicI`lohi tir`lts.

@avlroars, awolrs ioh tbl prfoefpic, pramatl iwirlolss ioh uohlrstiohfo` ag tbl Oitfaoic I`lohi iohtbl Oitfaoic I`lohi tir`lts imao` i mfoarfty ag stiklbachlrs. Utigg ioh stuhlots ha oat guccy uohlrstiohtbl seapl ioh purpasl ag pirtfefpitfo` fo fotlroitfaoic tlstfo`.

Eirlguc ioicysfs fo tbl kly sujdlets bih jllo uslh ta fhlotfgy wlik irlis tbit ollhlh eaosacfhitfao. Xblrlbih jllo saml ihhftfaos ta tbl eurrfeucum. Mast wark bih jllo eirrflh usfo` pist tlst rlsucts ioh lxtritliebfo` fo tbl ruo up ta tbl FJX tlst. Xblrl bih oat jllo i systlmitfe ittlmpt ta lmjlh erftfeic tbfokfo`,tbl usl ag hiti ioicysfs ar appartuoftfls gar rlslireb. Park fo eamputlr clssaos eaotrfjutlh wlcc taiebflvfo` tbl tir`lts. Fotlroic tlsts, bawlvlr, stfcc isslsslh rleicc ritblr tbio skfccs, ioh hfh oatfoearparitl qulstfaos ta tlst ioicysfs ar uohlrstiohfo`.

Xliebfo` stritl`fls wlrl samltfmls wlik ioh tbl prlhamfoiot usl ag ecaslh qulstfaos ihhrlsslh tawbacl ecissls hfh oat ebicclo`l ar hlvlcap uohlrstiohfo`. Zlsaurels, gar lximpcl tijclts, wlrl ivifcijcljut wlrl oat sllo fo usl.

Zlslireb jy stuhlots ipplirlh ta jl eaogfolh ta bamlwark. Xbl sebaac bih fovlstlh fo rlsaurels, jutappartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta usl tblm wlrl taa rlstrfetlh, tblrlgarl cfmftfo` stuhlots‖ pra`rlss fohlvlcapfo` rlslireb skfccs.


9/26


Fooavitfao fo lhueitfao

Xbl \IL Wfsfao :>:9 slts aut tbl Oitfaoic I`lohi gar tbl \IL ta jl imao` tbl mastfooavitfvl oitfaos fo tbl warch. Xbl Oitfaoic Fooavitfao Utritl`y slts tbl eaotlxt gar

‒fooavitfao‖ ioh ‒fooavitfvl clihlrsbfp‖. Ft pravfhls i jisfs gar lvicuitfo` pujcfe ioh prfvitlsebaacs fo arhlr ta hlcfvlr i warch-eciss lhueitfao gar icc ebfchrlo fo tbl \IL.

Fooavitfao fs hrfvlo jy i eammftmlot ta lxelccloel ioh eaotfouaus fmpravlmlot. Ft fs jislhao eurfasfty, tbl wfccfoòlss ta tikl rfsks, ta lxplrfmlot ioh ta tlst issumptfaos is wlcc isqulstfaofo` ioh ebicclo`fo` tbl stitus qua. Jlfo` fooavitfvl fs ijaut caakfo` jlyaoh wbitwl eurrlotcy ha wlcc, fhlotfgyfo` tbl ̀ rlit fhlis ag tamarraw ioh puttfo` tblm fota prietfel.

^ramatfo` i eucturl ag fooavitfao4

Xbl prfoefpic ioh ̀ avlrofo` jahy bih irtfeucitlh i eclir uohlrstiohfo` ioh vfsfao ag baw ta fooavitl ioh

fmpravl tbl sebaac. Xbly bih jlùo ta fhlotfgy kly plapcl ta loijcl tbl sebaac ta lmjlh i eucturl agfooavitfao. Utrueturls ioh systlms wlrl jlfo` erlitlh ta suppart tbfs eucturl. Xbl clihlrs wlrl sllkfo`ta pramatl i eucturl ag fooavitfao tbrau`b tbl erlitfao ag marl fovftfo` clirofo` spiels. Xbl jusfolsseammuofty wis warkfo` wftb tbl ̀ avlrofo` jahy ta fhlotfgy wiys ta fotrahuel fooavitfvl prietfel. Uebaacclihlrs bih jlùo ta wark fo ̀ raups ta fhlotfgy wiys fo wbfeb tbl eurrfeucum mf`bt jl ihiptlh ta supparti eucturl ag fooavitfao.


10/26


Avlricc sebaac plrgarmioel

Ieelptijcl

K@ ^rfmiry Mfhhcl Bf`b

Clirofo` skfccs Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

9. Utuhlots‖ iebflvlmlot


Fscimfe lhueitfao

Ittifomlot Oat ippcfeijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

^ra`rlss Oat ippcfeijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Irijfe is i gfrst

cio`ui`l

Ittifomlot Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl

^ra`rlss Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl

Irijfe is io

ihhftfaoic cio`ui`l

Ittifomlot Oat ippcfeijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Plik

^ra`rlss Oat ippcfeijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Lo`cfsb

Ittifomlot @aah Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

^ra`rlss @aah Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Mitblmitfes

Ittifomlot Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

^ra`rlss @aah Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Uefloel

Ittifomlot Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

^ra`rlss Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


11/26

^ikfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 9>

:. Utuhlots‖ plrsaoic ioh saefic hlvlcapmlot ioh tblfr fooavitfao skfccs


^lrsaoic hlvlcapmlot @aah @aah Ieelptijcl @aah

\ohlrstiohfo` ag Fscimfe viculs

ioh iwirlolss ag Lmfritf ioh

warch eucturls

@aah @aah @aah @aah

Uaefic rlspaosfjfcfty ioh fooavitfao

skfccs

Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

5. Xliebfo` ioh isslssmlot


Xliebfo` gar lggletfvl clirofo` Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Isslssmlot Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

8. Eurrfeucum


Eurrfeucum hlsf`o ioh

fmpclmlotitfao


Eurrfeucum ihiptitfao Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


12/26


Mifo fospletfao rlpart

Xbl Hujif Uebaacs Fospletfao Jurliu (HUFJ) fs rlspaosfjcl gar fospletfo` ioh rlpartfo` ao tbl stiohirhs

rlieblh jy stuhlots ioh tbl quicfty ag lhueitfao pravfhlh fo Hujif‖s prfvitl sebaacs.

Duh`lmlots irl mihl ao i sfx-pafot seicl

\sfo` tbfs seicl, tbl Mifo fospletfao rlpart eaotifos tbl duh`lmlots ijaut tbl hfgglrlot isplets,

pbisls ioh sujdlets tbit garm tbl wark ag tbl sebaac.

Ft pravfhls tbl rlisaos gar tbl ioswlrs ta tbl qulstfaos fo tbl Uummiry gar pirlots ioh tbleammuofty 4

Baw wlcc hfh tbl sebaac plrgarm avlricc1

Pbit hfh tbl sebaac ha wlcc1

Pbit hals tbl sebaac ollh ta ha olxt1

Wlry wlik Plik Ieelpijcl @aah Wlry `aah Autstiohfo`

Mifo fospletfao rlpart


13/26

îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 9:

9. Utuhlots‖ iebflvlmlot

K@

Uujdlets Ittifomlot ^ra`rlss

Fscimfe lhueitfao Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl

Irijfe is i gfrst cioùi`l Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl

Irijfe is io ihhftfaoic cioùi`l Oat ippcfeijcl Oat ippcfeijcl

Lo`cfsb @aah @aah

Mitblmitfes Ieelptijcl @aah

Uefloel Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Ebfchrlo's ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss wis àah fo Lo`cfsb, wftb pirtfeucir strlo`tbs fo aric cioùi`l ioheammuofeitfao skfccs. Xbl midarfty cfstlolh ittlotfvlcy ta rbymls, palms ioh starfls ioh eauch rleiccplrsaoic lxplrfloels fo tblfr awo warhs. Ebfchrlo eauch sueelssguccy fhlotfgy ioh jcloh eaosaoiot iohvawlc pittlros. Xbly wlrl mikfo` ̀ aah ioh fmpravfo` pra`rlss wftb ‒rlihfo` gar mliofo`‖ ioh fo wrftfo`sfmpcl slotloels ieeuritlcy. Hfgglrlot `raups ag stuhlots mihl sfmfcircy àah pra`rlss.

Fo mitblmitfes, ittifomlot wis ieelptijcl wftb ̀ aah pra`rlss lvfhlot fo Kfohlrìrtlo :. Xbl earrlet uslag mitblmitfeic cioùi`l hurfo` aric ioh `raup wark rlgcletlh tblfr àah clvlcs ag pra`rlss. Ebfchrloplrgarmlh sfmpcl ihhftfao tisks usfo` i oumjlr cfol ioh hlmaostritlh koawclh`l ag pittlros wblo cfokswlrl mihl ta rlic-cfgl sftuitfaos. @aah pra`rlss wis oatlh hurfo` tapfes sueb is eauotfo`, rlihfo`, iohwrftfo` oumlrics, eampirfo` ioh arhlrfo` ag oumjlrs. @aah pra`rlss wis mihl jy hfgglrlot `raups ag

stuhlots foecuhfo` tbasl wftb ULOH. Ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss fo sefloel wlrl ieelptijcl. I tblmitfe ippraieb foecuhlh stuhfls ao pciot ioh

iofmic cfgl, tbl sacir systlm ioh aurslcvls. Bawlvlr, glw rlsaurels wlrl ivifcijcl ta loijcl ebfchrlo talxpcarl ioh fovlstfìtl sefloel fo i mliofo`guc ioh tietfcl mioolr, sa tbl midarfty ag clssaos wlrlhlserfptfvl fo oiturl. Xbfs cfmftlh ittifomlot fo sefloel ioh tbl pra`rlss jlfo` mihl. ^ra`rlss avlr tfmlioh jy hfgglrlot `raups wis sfmfcir ierass tbl kfohlrìrtlo.


14/26


^rfmiry

Uujdlets

Ittifomlot ^ra`rlss

Fscimfe lhueitfao Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


Irijfe is io ihhftfaoic cioùi`l Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Lo`cfsb Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Mitblmitfes Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


Fo Fscimfe lhueitfao, mast stuhlots hlmaostritlh ieelptijcl clvlcs ag koawclh`l ioh uohlrstiohfo` agtbl pfccirs ag Fscim, foecuhfo` priylr tfmls, tbl fmpartioel ag ijcutfao, ioh tbl mlmarfzitfao ag priylrs.Clvlcs ag ittifomlot wlrl duh`lh iìfost eurrfeucum stiohirhs. Utuhlots mihl ieelptijcl ritls agpra`rlss fo uohlrstiohfo` tbl ^rapblt's (^J\B) jfa`ripby ioh koawclh`l ag isplets ag Bfs cfgl, ioh tblywlrl ijcl ta rleftl vlrsls ag tbl Bacy Yur‖io ioh sbart Uuribs. @lolriccy hfgglrlot `raups ag stuhlotsmihl sfmfcir ritls ag pra`rlss.

Fo Irijfe is io ihhftfaoic cioùi`l, mast stuhlots ittifolh clvlcs fo tbl gaur skfccs tbit wlrl jraihcy focfol wftb eurrfeucum stiohirhs. Pftbaut oitfaoic ioh fotlroitfaoic jloebmirk mlisurls, mast stuhlotswlrl mlltfo` `lolric lxpletitfaos fo tlrms ag ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss. Utuhlots eauch eaovlrsl fosfmpcl lxebio`ls, mifocy usfo` prlvfauscy clirot ioh rlelotcy rlblirslh warhs. Xblfr pra`rlss wis stlihyfo fhlotfgyfo` ioh rlihfo` gimfcfir warhs ioh ihhfo` olw aols ta tblfr foerlisfo` vaeijuciry. Bawlvlr,tblfr pra`rlss fo hlvlcapfo` wrftfo` skfccs wis wliklr tbio tbasl fo splikfo` ioh rlihfo`. Avlr tfml

pra`rlss wis ieelptijcl. Cfstlofo` ioh splikfo` skfccs fo Lo`cfsb wlrl ijavl eurrfeucum ioh oitfaoic lxpletitfaos gar tbl midarfty

ag stuhlots tbrau`baut tbl ̀ rihls fo prfmiry pbisl. Utuhlots‖ rlihfo` wis it tbl lxpletlh clvlcs jltwllo@rihls 9 ioh 5, jut pra`rlss fo rlihfo`, ioh rlihfo` wftb uohlrstiohfo`, wis mueb jlttlr fo tbl upplrprfmiry ylirs. Ufmfcir ta Irijfe, pra`rlss fo Lo`cfsb wrftfo` wis wliklr tbio tbl lxpletlh pra`rlss garmast `raups ag stuhlots; avlr tfml ft wis clss wlcc hlvlcaplh tbio tblfr rlihfo`, cfstlofo` ioh splikfo`skfccs.

Fo mitblmitfes, stuhlots' ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss wlrl ieelptijcl. Gar lximpcl, mast stuhlots wlrlijcl ta fhlotfgy hfgglrlot typls ag io`cls ioh usl oao-stiohirh mlisurls, ioh mast mihl pra`rlss fofhlotfgyfo` tbl grietfaos ag i sbipl tiklo up jy tbl sbihlh irlis. Xbl rlsucts ag lxtlroiccy mahlritlh

tlsts eaogfrmlh ieelptijcl ittifomlot. Avlr tfml tblrl wis cfttcl virfitfao fo tbl ritls ag pra`rlss jyhfgglrlot `raups, jut gar stuhlots wftb ULOH, pra`rlss wis scawlr tbio gar atblrs.

Fo sefloel, mast stuhlots ittifolh clvlcs fo cfol wftb eurrfeucum lxpletitfaos, ictbau`b tblfr clvlcs agplrgarmioel ioh pra`rlss fo clssaos wlrl sfòfgfeiotcy jlcaw tbl clvlc rlpartlh jy tbl sebaac. Utuhlotsmihl àah pra`rlss fo clirofo` giets ioh eauch rleicc tblm wlcc. Xbly eirrflh aut prietfeic wark wftbeaogfhloel, gar lximpcl, wblo hlefhfo` fg mitlrfics wlrl triospirlot ar trioscuelot. Xbly mihlsfòfgfeiotcy clss pra`rlss fo hlvlcapfo` tbl skfccs ag loqufry ioh ag warkfo` fohlplohlotcy. Xbl pra`rlssag hfgglrlot `raups wis sfmfcir.


15/26


Mfhhcl

Uujdlets

Ittifomlot ^ra`rlss

Fscimfe lhueitfao Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


Irijfe is io ihhftfaoic cioùi`l Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Lo`cfsb Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Mitblmitfes Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl


Mast stuhlots hlmaostritlh eclir uohlrstiohfo` ag Fscimfe eaoelpts sueb is tbl ^fccirs ag Fscim ioh tbl

^fccirs ag Giftb, ioh eauch hfgglrlotfitl jltwllo prapblts ioh mlsslo`lrs. Ittifomlot clvlcs wlrlieelptijcl jleiusl mast stuhlots' rleftitfao ioh mlmarfsitfao skfccs wlrl fo cfol wftb eurrfeucumlxpletitfaos. I midarfty ag stuhlots eauch uohlrstioh tbl ltfqulttl fovacvlh fo vfsftfo` tbl sfek ioh tblrlsplet ioh mioolrs ta jl hfspciylh wblo vfsftfo` tbl masqul. Xbly wlrl mikfo` ieelptijcl pra`rlsswbfeb wis sfmfcir gar hfgglrlot `raups ag stuhlots.

Fo Irijfe is io ihhftfaoic cioùi`l, mast stuhlots ittifolh clvlcs fo cfstlofo`, splikfo`, rlihfo` iohwrftfo` skfccs tbit wlrl fo cfol wftb eurrfeucum lxpletitfaos. Pftbaut oitfaoic ioh fotlroitfaoic jloebmirkmlisurls, mast stuhlots wlrl mlltfo` `lolric lxpletitfaos. Xbly eauch tick fo sfmpcl eaovlrsitfaos,usfo` i glw prlvfauscy clirot ioh rlelotcy rlblirslh warhs. Xblfr pra`rlss wis ieelptijcl is tbly ihhlholw warhs ta tblfr ̀ rihuiccy foerlisfo` vaeijuciry. ̂ ra`rlss fo hlvlcapfo` wrftfo` skfccs, is fo tbl prfmiry

pbisl wis wliklr tbio tbasl fo splikfo` ioh rlihfo`. Avlr tfml pra`rlss wis ieelptijcl. Fo Lo`cfsb, mast stuhlots mihl àah pra`rlss fo eaovlrsitfaoic Lo`cfsb, hlvlcaplh i wfhl vaeijuciry ioh

tblfr spaklo Lo`cfsb wis agtlo `rimmitfeiccy ieeuritl. Xbl wrfttlo wark ag mast stuhlots, pirtfeucircy agtbit `frcs, wis wlcc strueturlh ioh olitcy prlslotlh, wftb ieeuritl splccfo` ioh `rimmir. Appartuoftflsgar lxtlohlh wrftfo`, lspleficcy erlitfvl wrftfo`, wlrl taa glw ioh tblrlgarl ̀ aah pra`rlss fo wrftfo` wisfmplhlh. ^ra`rlss avlricc fo mfhhcl pbisl wis ieelptijcl fo clssaos ioh avlr tfml gar mast `raups agstuhlots, foecuhfo` tbasl wftb ULOH. Lxtlroiccy mahlritlh tlsts sbawlh ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss ta jljraihcy is mf`bt jl lxpletlh.

Fo mitblmitfes is fo tbl atblr sujdlets fo tbfs pbisl, stuhlots' ittifomlot ioh pra`rlss wlrl ieelptijcl.Lxtlroiccy mahlritlh tlsts eaogfrmlh tbfs. Mast stuhlots wlrl gimfcfir wftb tbl gliturls ag tbrll

hfmlosfaoic sbipls, ioh wlrl ijcl ta usl `lamltry skfccs ta gfoh tbl mfh-pafot ag i strif`bt cfol ioh tasfmpcfgy saml ritfaoic lxprlssfaos. Xbly bih quftl wlcc hlvlcaplh ioh ieeuritl skfccs ag eamputitfao, juttblfr ittifomlot wis cfmftlh wblo prajclm sacvfo` ar ippcfeitfao ag mitblmitfes wlrl rlqufrlh. Mast`raups ag stuhlots pra`rlsslh sfmfcircy.

Fo sefloel, mast stuhlots ittifolh clvlcs fo cfol wftb eurrfeucum lxpletitfaos. Lxtlroiccy mahlritlhisslssmlots eaogfrmlh tbfs. Utuhlots agtlo uslh seflotfgfe vaeijuciry ieeuritlcy ioh wftb eaogfhloel, iohbih àah rleicc ag koawclh`l fo hfgglrlot sftuitfaos. Bawlvlr, tbly wlrl oat ebicclo`lh ta tbfok hllpcyloau`b ijaut tbl uohlrpfoofo` seflotfgfe eaoelpts oar wlrl tbly loeauri`lh ta cfok tapfes ta tbl rlicwarch. Xbl skfccs ag loqufry, fovlstfìtfo` uogimfcfir sftuitfaos, ioicysfs ioh lvicuitfao wlrluohlrhlvlcaplh. Ufmfcir ieelptijcl ritls ag pra`rlss wlrl mihl jy hfgglrlot `raups ag stuhlots.


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17/26


Utuhlots lodaylh warkfo` fo ̀ raups. Fo clssaos, mast wlrl kllo ta cliro gram tblfr pllrs ioh wblo ̀ fvlotbl appartuofty ta ippcy tblfr clirofo` fo hfgglrlot wiys. @raup wark wis oat icwiys prahuetfvl jleiuslhficaùl jltwllo stuhlots wis cfmftlh ioh oat cfoklh ta i eclir clirofo` auteaml. Utuhlots wlrl oatpravfhlh wftb suggfeflot appartuoftfls ta eampirl tblfr ioswlrs ioh fhlotfgy tbl olxt stlps fo tblfr

clirofo`. Fo tbl àah clssaos, stuhlots wlrl ijcl ta mikl eaooletfaos wftb rlic cfgl lximpcls, pirtfeucircy fo

mitblmitfes. Xbly jlolgfttlh gram clssaos tbit uslh erass-eurrfeucir cfoks. Utuhlots gram icc pbisls wlrlijcl ta ippcy clirofo` gram sefloel ta tbl ebicclo`ls giefo` tbl \oftlh Irij Lmfritls. Bawlvlr, stuhlotswlrl mifocy hfrletlh fo tblfr clirofo`, wbfeb rlstrfetlh rlslireb appartuoftfls, pirtfeucircy sa fo tbl bf`bsebaac.

Xblrl wlrl i glw clssaos wblo stuhlots tbau`bt erftfeiccy, ioicyslh ioh ippcflh duh`lmlot jislh aotblfr ioicysfs. Xbfs sbarteamfo` rlstrfetlh tbl appartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta ieelclritl tblfr clirofo` iohrlsuctlh fo i ciek ag ebicclo`l gar tbl mast ijcl clirolrs. Xbl usl ag tleboaca`fls ta suppart clirofo` wisuohlrhlvlcaplh ierass tbl sebaac.

:. Utuhlots‖ plrsaoic ioh saefic hlvlcapmlot ioh tblfr fooavitfao skfccs

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

^lrsaoic hlvlcapmlot @aah @aah Ieelptijcl @aah

Mast stuhlots bih i strao` slosl ag plrsaoic rlspaosfjfcfty, slcg-rlcfioel ioh pasftfvl ittftuhls tawirhclirofo`. Mast uohlrstaah baw ta jl rlspaosfjcl gar tblmslcvls ioh tblfr pllrs. Bawlvlr, tbly wlrl oat

`fvlo suggfeflot appartuoftfls ta rlspaoh fo i miturl mioolr ta erftfeic gllhjiek. Jlbivfaur fo icmast icc sletfaos ag tbl sebaac wis vlry àah. Utuhlots wlrl `lolriccy slcg-hfsefpcfolh,

sbawlh eaurtlsy, rlsplet ioh eaosfhlritfao ta lieb atblr ioh ta ihucts. Mast wlrl hlvlcapfo` tblfr slcg-eaogfhloel ta i àah clvlc.

Zlcitfaosbfps jltwllo stuhlots ioh tbl stigg wlrl eaosfhlritl ioh rlspletguc. Xbl fmpravlmlots sllofo tbl kfohlrìrtlo ioh prfmiry sletfaos wlrl clss praoauoelh fo tbl mfhhcl sebaac.

Utuhlots sbawlh àah koawclh`l ag baw ta stiy blictby, foecuhfo` tbl vicul ag lxlrefsl ioh ag litfo`blictby gaahs. Xbl ebio`ls ta tbl gaah ivifcijcl fo tbl eiotllo bih loijclh stuhlots ta put tblfrkoawclh`l fota prietfel.

Utuhlot‖s ittlohioel bih fmpravlh rlelotcy jut stfcc rlmifolh wlik. ûoetuicfty wis jlttlr, lspleficcyhurfo` marofo` irrfvics ioh wftb stuhlots `lttfo` ta clssaos ao tfml.


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K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

\ohlrstiohfo` ag Fscimfe viculs ioh

iwirlolss ag Lmfritf ioh warch

eucturls

@aah @aah @aah @aah

Utuhlots' uohlrstiohfo` ag Fscimfe viculs ioh baw tbly igglet mahlro saeflty fo Hujif wis stfcchlvlcapfo`, `lolriccy it ieelptijcl clvlcs gar mast `raups ag stuhlots.

Utuhlots' iwirlolss ag Lmfritf ioh warch eucturls wis àah ierass icc pbisls ag tbl sebaac. Utuhlotssbawlh i bf`b clvlc ag ipprlefitfao ag Lmfritf eucturl, elcljritfaos, blrfti`l ioh trihftfaos.

Xbl midarfty ag stuhlots bih i strao` iwirlolss ag tblfr awo eucturl ioh atblr eucturls gram irauoh tblwarch. Mast wlrl ijcl ta mikl eaooletfaos ioh eampirfsaos jltwllo tblm.

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

Uaefic rlspaosfjfcfty ioh fooavitfao

skfccs


Utuhlots lodaylh bivfo` rlspaosfjfcfty fo clssaos ioh ierass tbl sebaac. Xbl stuhlot eauoefc pravfhlhappartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta lxprlss tblfr vflws, ictbau`b tbly wiotlh ta bivl marl hfrlet fovacvlmlotwftb clihlrs ta fogculoel isplets ag sebaac cfgl. Mast stuhlots lodaylh tbl cfmftlh appartuoftfls garfovacvlmlot fo tbl wfhlr eammuofty tbit tbl sebaac pravfhlh ioh loeauri`lh.

Mast stuhlots warklh hfcf`lotcy fo clssaos ioh wlrl bf`bcy matfvitlh ta iequfrl olw koawclh`l iohskfccs. Pbfcl stuhlots lodaylh olw pradlets ioh ietfvftfls wblo agglrlh, glw sbawlh tbl eaogfhloel tafoftfitl ar jl erlitfvl jy hlvlcapfo` pradlets ag tblfr awo.

Ebfchrlo fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo sbawlh saml iwirlolss ag lovfraomlotic fssuls ioh mihl cfoks jltwlloiofmics, pciots ioh bumio ietfvfty. Xbfs iwirlolss wis marl hlvlcaplh fo tbl bf`blr `rihls, lspleficcyfo @rihl 9>, wblrl stuhlots wlrl kllo ta jl ietfvl fo eaoslrvitfao pradlets.

5. Xliebfo` ioh isslssmlot

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

Xliebfo` gar lggletfvl clirofo` Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Xbl quicfty ag tliebfo` ierass tbl sebaac wis foeaosfstlot ioh tblrlgarl mast stuhlots rlelfvlh ̀ lolriccyieelptijcl pravfsfao, ritblr tbio tbl ̀ aah stiohirh sllo fo i mfoarfty ag clssaos. Xlieblrs fovirfijcy bihàah sujdlet koawclh`l, jut agtlo sbawlh clss uohlrstiohfo` ag baw hfgglrlot `raups ag stuhlots cliro.Xbfs clh ta clirofo` tbit wis oat hfgglrlotfitlh ta suft tbl ollhs ag icc stuhlots.

Xlieblrs' pcioofo` blcplh sleurl tbl purpasls ag clirofo`. Fo tbl jlst clssaos, eclir pcioofo` clh taclssaos wbfeb bih io ippraprfitlcy gist piel ioh eclir purpasl. Xbl strueturlh usl ag tlxtjaaks blcplhstuhlots ta cliro, jut oat is qufekcy is tbly eauch. Ihiptlh rlsaurels wlrl samltfmls pravfhlh garstuhlots wftb ULOH, jut agtlo tbl ciek ag wlcc-ebaslo rlsaurels cfmftlh tbl appartuoftfls gar tblm tamikl àah avlricc pra`rlss.


19/26


Xlieblrs‖ fotlrietfaos wftb stuhlots sleurlh tblfr wfccfoòlss ta cliro fo mast clssaos. Bawlvlr, qulstfaosuslh jy tlieblrs hfh oat icwiys loì`l stuhlots fo tbfokfo` ar loqufry ioh, marl agtlo fovftlh wbacleciss ioswlrs. Xbfs cfmftlh ebicclo`l rlstrfetlh appartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta hlvlcap tblfr awo qulstfaofoìoh tbfokfo` skfccs, ioh prlvlotlh tbl lxprlssfao ag fohfvfhuic uohlrstiohfo`.

Utuhlots ippraieblh tblfr wark slrfauscy ioh tlieblrs bih jllo sueelssguc fo iebflvfo` i pasftfvl ecfmitlgar clirofo`, wblrl stuhlots cliro gram lieb atblr. Bawlvlr, stuhlots stfcc rlcflh taa blivfcy ao ihucts.Xlieblrs pravfhlh suppart ioh uslh stritl`fls ihlquitlcy ta mllt tbl ollhs ag `raups ag stuhlots, juthfh oat ebicclo`l fohfvfhuic stuhlots ta ieelclritl tblfr clirofo`.

Fo i smicc oumjlr ag mitblmitfes clssaos, stuhlots wlrl ijcl ta hlvlcap erftfeic tbfokfo` skfccs ioh ippcytbl rlsucts ta sacvfo` rlic-cfgl prajclms. Fo mast atblr clssaos, tlieblrs hfh oat pravfhl appartuoftfls garstuhlots ta wark fohlplohlotcy ar tbfok hfvlr`lotcy ijaut prajclms.

Fo Irijfe, mast tlieblrs pcioolh tblfr clssaos ippraprfitlcy ioh bih sleurl sujdlet koawclh`l. Bawlvlr,tliebfo` wis agtlo avlrcy hfhietfe, wftb qulstfaofo` tbit wis oat ippraprfitl gar mlltfo` tbl virfausollhs ag stuhlots. Mast tlieblrs uslh clirofo` tleboaca`fls ta suppart tblfr wark, jut tbly hfh oatpravfhl suggfeflot appartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta wark fohlplohlotcy ar hlvlcap tbl skfccs ag rlslireb iohloqufry.

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

Isslssmlot Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Xbl olw prfoefpic, gaccawfo` io iuhft ag lximfoitfao rlsucts, bih fostfìtlh i sbirplr ioh marl hlvlcaplhpraelss gar tbl slttfo` ag fotlroic lximfoitfaos ioh tbl mlisurfo` ag lximfoitfao hiti. Xbl clihlrsbfp

tlim bih icsa rleaòfslh tbit tblfr olxt stlp wis ta loeauri`l marl rfàraus ioicysfs ta loijcl fmpravlhpra`rlss jy stuhlots fo lieb eciss.

Fotlroic isslssmlots wlrl cfoklh ta sebaac tlxtjaaks ioh tblrl wlrl glw erftlrfi gar mlisurfo` iìfosttbl eurrfeucum ioh clss iìfost fotlroitfaoic stiohirhs. Aocy i mfoarfty ag stuhlots pirtfefpitlh fofotlroitfaoic jloebmirkfo` tlsts (FJX). Xbl praelss ag jloebmirkfo` stuhlots iìfost fotlroitfaoicstiohirhs wis io fmmlhfitl irli gar gurtblr hlvlcapmlot fo tbl sebaac.

Utuhlots‖ pra`rlss gram tlrm-ta-tlrm wis mlisurlh jy tbl rlsucts ag fotlroic tlsts ioh gram tlieblrs‖isslssmlot ag tblfr stuhlots‖ eciss wark. Fo tbl k fohlrìrtlo, ioh fo saml pbisls fo mitblmitfes, tblioicysfs ag hiti pravfhlh tlieblrs wftb quicfty fogarmitfao ijaut ìps fo stuhlots‖ koawclh`l ioh skfccs.Xbl praelss ioh praelhurls gar ioicysfs wlrl oat is lvfhlot fo atblr sujdlets is tbly wlrl fo mitblmitfesierass tbl sebaac.

Xbl usl ag isslssmlot fogarmitfao ta suppart clirofo` ioh stuhlots' pra`rlss wis strao` fo tblkfohlrìrtlo, jut lcslwblrl ft wis foeaosfstlot. Fo mioy clssaos, tisks cieklh ebicclo`l ioh hfh oathllplo stuhlots‖ uohlrstiohfo`, pirtfeucircy gar tbl bf`blr ittifofo` stuhlots. Ictbau`b stuhlotseaosacfhitlh tblfr koawclh`l, tbly hfh oat icwiys mikl ihlquitl pra`rlss.

Xlieblrs‖ cfmftlh koawclh`l ag stuhlots‖ strlo`tbs ioh wlikolssls, fo mast sujdlets ioh pbisls, rlsuctlhfo aocy i mfoarfty ag tlieblrs pravfhfo` suppart, mahfgyfo` ietfvftfls ioh pravfhfo` ippraprfitl tfml garstuhlots ta iebflvl. Xbl mirkfo` ag stuhlots‖ wark wis foeaosfstlot, is wis tblfr aric isslssmlot foclssaos. Xlieblrs hfh oat pravfhl loau`b mliofo`guc ihvfel ta blcp stuhlots uohlrstioh wbit tbly

ollhlh ta ha ta fmpravl.


20/26


8. Eurrfeucum

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

Eurrfeucum hlsfò ioh

fmpclmlotitfao


Xbl sebaac fmpclmlotlh tbl Oitfaoic Eurrfeucum ag îkfstio fo i `lolriccy jraih ioh jicioelh wiy.Ictbau`b agtlo cfmftlh ta tlxtjaaks ioh gaeuslh ao koawclh`l iequfsftfao, i glw tlieblrs rlvflwlh tbleurrfeucum eaotlot ioh mahfgflh ft ta fmpravl stuhlots‖ auteamls. Fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo, tbl sebaac bihsueelssguccy fmpclmlotlh i mahfgflh vlrsfao ag tbl Oitfaoic Eurrfeucum ag Lo`cioh‖s Lircy Vlirs‖Gauohitfao Uti`l pra`rimml ta pravfhl gar tbl hlvlcapmlot ag i jraih rio`l ag skfccs, koawclh`l iohuohlrstiohfo`.

Xbl eurrfeucum wis pcioolh gar pra`rlssfao ioh eaotfoufty. Xbrau`b tbl tlxtjaaks, tapfes wlrl hlvlcaplhgram sfmpcl ta eampclx is tbl stuhlots pra`rlsslh tbrau`baut tbl sebaac.

Fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo, tbl eurrfeucum wis jl`foofo` ta agglr ebafels ioh appartuoftfls gar foerlislhfohlplohlot clirofo`, jut lcslwblrl eurrfeucum ebafels wlrl cfmftlh. Utuhlots fo tbl bf`b sebaac bihappartuoftfls ta ebaasl gram i rio`l ag sujdlets, ictbau`b tblfr ebafels wlrl hltlrmfolh jy tblfr prfarieihlmfe iebflvlmlots.

Erass-eurrfeucir cfoks wlrl bf`bcf`btlh fo clssao pcios jut oat icwiys fmpclmlotlh lggletfvlcy, sa stuhlotshfh oat icwiys mikl tbl eaooletfaos fo tblfr clirofo` jltwllo sujdlets.

Eurrfeucum rlvflw ioh hlvlcapmlot wlrl jislh ao foftfic gllhjiek gram stuhlots, pirlots ioh tlieblrs.Bawlvlr, tbl praelss ag rlvflw bih oat jllo lggletfvl fo fmpravfo` ieihlmfe auteamls, tbl quicfty ag

tliebfo` ioh clirofo`, ar fo mlltfo` tbl plrsaoic hlvlcapmlot ollhs ag mast stuhlots.

Xbl saefic stuhfls pra`rimml wis jislh ao tbl \IL Mfofstry ag Lhueitfao tlxtjaaks gar oao-Irijs iohao tbl Oitfaoic îkfstio Eurrfeucum. Fo tbl cawlr pbisls ag tbl sebaac, io fotl`ritlh tblmitfe ippraiebwis ihaptlh ta hlcfvlr tbl eaotlot ag jatb eurrfeuci. @rihl 6 stuhlots stuhflh aocy tbl eaotlot ag tbl \ILeurrfeucum.

K@

^rfmiry Mfhhcl

Bf`b

Eurrfeucum ihiptitfao Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl Ieelptijcl

Xbl sebaac's mlisurls ta mllt tbl clirofo` ollhs ag icc stuhlots wlrl foihlquitl. Bawlvlr, tblrl bihjllo saml fmpravlmlots mihl ta icfò tbl clirofo` ioh eurrfeucum eaotlot gar stuhlots wftb ULOH. Fotbl kfohlrìrtlo, fmpravlh pcioofo` bih rlsuctlh fo appartuoftfls gar stuhlots ta loì`l fo ietfvftfls tbitpramatlh `rlitlr erlitfvfty ioh saefic hlvlcapmlot. Uueb prietfel wis oat rlpcfeitlh fo atblr pbisls agtbl sebaac.

Xbl sebaac bih ippraprfitl lobioelmlot ioh lxtri-eurrfeucir ietfvftfls gar stuhlots ta loì`l fo.Appartuoftfls gar lotlrprfsl ioh erlitfvfty wlrl it lircy sti`ls ag hlvlcapmlot sebaac-wfhl.

Eammuofty cfoks wlrl strao`, ictbau`b tbl sebaac bih ylt ta mikl gucc usl ag tblm ierass tbl eurrfeucum.

Utuhlots' uohlrstiohfo` ag \IL ioh Fscimfe eucturl wis i àah gliturl ag tbl sebaac. Mast stuhlots wlrliwirl ag tbl uofqul appartuoftfls ag cfvfo` fo tbl \IL, ioh icsa mifotifolh strao` tfls ta tbl îkfstiofeucturl ioh eammuofty.


21/26

îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 :>

Irijfe cioùi`l clssaos wlrl pravfhlh gar icc K@ : ebfchrlo it tbl sebaac. Xbl sebaac issfòlh 2> mfoutlsplr wllk gar clirofo` Irijfe.


22/26

îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 :9

Xbl sebaac pravfhlh ippraprfitl suppart gar tbl midarfty ag stuhlots wftb ULOH. Xbfs wis iebflvlh tbrau`beurrfeucum mahfgfeitfao, ùfhioel ta tlieblrs, ioh pcioolh wftbhriwic slssfaos. Uuftijcl systlms wlrljlfo` lstijcfsblh ta suppart tbasl stuhlots wba wlrl `fgtlh ioh ticlotlh.

Xlieblrs ioh sletfao clihlrs kolw tblfr stuhlots wlcc ioh suppartlh tblm fo iequfrfo` ioh hlvlcapfo`

saefic skfccs. Xbl olwcy-garmlh eirllrs‖ ùfhioel tlim pravfhlh stuhlots gram @rihl 9> aowirhs wftb ijraih rio`l ag fogarmitfao ijaut aptfaos gar uofvlrsfty ioh eirllrs cfoklh ta tblfr strlo`tbs ioh fotlrlsts.

^ravfsfao gar stuhlots wftb splefic lhueitfaoic ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls ULOH)

Xbl avlricc lggletfvlolss ag pravfsfao gar stuhlots wftb splefic

lhueitfaoic ollhs ioh hfsijfcftfls

Ieelptijcl

I eammfttlh splefic lhueitfao ollhs eaarhfoitar wis issfstlh jy i quicfgflh tlim ioh suppartlh jyslofar clihlrs fo tbl fmpclmlotitfao ag foecusfvl pacfefls. Xbl lgglet ag tbfs stritl`y wis lvfhlot fo icmasticc isplets ag tbl sebaac. Xbl spleficfst tlim pravfhlh trifofo`, suppart ioh ̀ ufhioel, is wlcc is ebicclo`lta icc fovacvlh. Bawlvlr, tblrl wis ollh gar gurtblr trifofo` gar tlieblrs ta losurl tbit stritl`flsprapaslh fo tbl ULOH pacfey wlrl jlttlr uohlrstaah ioh jleamfo` gurtblr lmjlhhlh fo prietfel fo tblecissraams.

Fhlotfgfeitfao jy tbl ULOH tlim eaosfstlh ag i wfhl rio`l ag isslssmlot stritl`fls. Xbfs fogarmitfao wisfoerlisfo`cy jlfo` uslh ta fogarm tbl hlsfò ag plrsaoicfslh fotlrvlotfaos ioh lorfebmlot pieki`ls.Bawlvlr, tbl sebaac bih oat ylt hlvlcaplh systlms ta losurl tbit fotlrvlotfaos wlrl ippraprfitlcy`rihuitlh ta mllt tbl rlqufrlmlots ag stuhlots wftb pragauoh ollhs.

îrlots ag stuhlots wftb ULOH jlolgfttlh gram ecasl cfoks wftb tbl sebaac ioh wlrl rlùcircy fogarmlh agtblfr ebfchrlo‖s pra`rlss. Lisl ag ieelss ta tbl splefic lhueitfao eaarhfoitar ioh blr tlim suppartlhlggletfvl aric ioh wrfttlo eammuofeitfao. Xrifofo` ioh gurtblr suppart gar pirlots bih eammloelh,ictbau`b tbl sebaac rleaòfslh tbit tbfs wis stfcc io irli gar gurtblr hlvlcapmlot.

Eurrfeucum mahfgfeitfao fo tbl ecissraam wis mastcy lggletfvl ioh icfòlh ta tbl ollhs agstuhlots. Bawlvlr, oat icc eurrfeucum mahfgfeitfaos suppartlh tbl hlvlcapmlot ag fohlplohlot clirofo`,wbfeb rlsuctlh fo saml stuhlots bivfo` cfmftlh fovacvlmlot ioh appartuoftfls gar ietfvl clirofo`. Uuppartwis wlcc pcioolh ta mllt stuhlots‖ saefic ollhs. Xbly wlrl loeauri`lh ta jleaml fovacvlh fo icc sebaacietfvftfls ioh wlrl eampltlotcy issfstlh fo tblsl ietfvftfls jy tblfr pllrs.

Mast stuhlots wftb ULOH mihl àah pra`rlss wftb tblfr plrsaoic ioh saefic hlvlcapmlot. Ieihlmfepra`rlss wis ieelptijcl ierass icc sujdlets, lxelpt fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo, wblrl ft wis àah fo Lo`cfsb iohfo mitblmitfes. Xbl triekfo` ag pra`rlss wis jlfo` hlvlcaplh gurtblr, ta ieeammahitl tbl tir`lts sltfo lieb stuhlots‖ fohfvfhuic lhueitfao pcio ioh ta tikl ieeauot ag ippraprfitl ieihlmfe mfclstaols.


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îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 ::

7. Clihlrsbfp ioh mioi`lmlot

Xbl lggletfvlolss ag clihlrsbfp Ieelptijcl

Xbl olw prfoefpic, rlelotcy hlvlcaplh slofar clihlrsbfp tlim, ioh mlmjlrs ag tbl àvlrofo` jahygarmlh io lggletfvl stritl`fe tlim. Bawlvlr, gurtblr ecirfty wftb hlclìtlh cfols ag rlspaosfjfcfty wisrlqufrlh ta losurl mixfmum sueelss. Xa`ltblr tbly bih rlhlgfolh tbl sebaac‖s mfssfao ioh vfsfao, wbfebbih jllo sbirlh wftb tbl stigg, pirlots ioh stuhlots.

Mast clihlrs hlmaostritlh sleurl koawclh`l ag tbl eurrfeucum, i eammftmlot ta rifsfo` stuhlots'iebflvlmlots, ioh ta hlvlcapfo` io foecusfvl sebaac. Xbly icsa sbirlh i gfrm eammftmlot tbit tblfrfmmlhfitl prfarfty gar tbl sueelss wauch jl ta fmpravl tbl quicfty ag tliebfo` ioh clirofo` ierass tblsebaac. Xbly warklh ta mllt tbl ollhs ag icc clirolrs ioh rifsl ieihlmfe auteamls gar icc stuhlots.

Zlcitfaosbfps ioh eammuofeitfao imao` icc clihlrs wlrl praglssfaoic. Bawlvlr, tbl prfoefpic bihrleaòfslh tbit io fmmlhfitl prfarfty wis ta lstijcfsb i marl hlgfolh eammuofeitfao pcio, wftbhlcfolitlh racls ioh rlspaosfjfcftfls ta losurl ecirfty ioh pra`rlss.

Ulofar clihlrs hlmaostritlh strao` eipiefty ta sleurl fmpravlmlot ioh saml atblr clihlrs sfmfcircyhlmaostritlh tbl eipiefty ta hlvfsl prietfeic stritl`fls gar gurtblr fmpravlmlot fo tblfr rlspletfvl irlis.

Ufoel tbl prlvfaus fospletfao tblrl bih jllo fmpravlmlot fo stuhlots‖ iebflvlmlot fo Lo`cfsb iohmitblmitfes fo tbl kfohlrìrtlo, ioh fo stuhlots‖ pra`rlss fo Irijfe fo tbl bf`b sebaac. Bawlvlr, clihlrsbih ylt ta ihhrlss tbl foeaosfstloefls fo tliebfo` ioh clirofo`, ioh fo stuhlots‖ iebflvlmlot fo iccsujdlets ierass mast pbisls ag tbl sebaac.

Uebaac slcg-lvicuitfao ioh fmpravlmlot pcioofo` Ieelptijcl

Ulofar clihlrs, tbl ̀ avlrofo` jahy ioh pirlots bih jllo fovacvlh fo tbl praelss ag sebaac slcg-lvicuitfao.Xbl quicfty ioh ioicysfs ag ieihlmfe hiti wis virflh ioh hfh oat pravfhl loau`b ieeuritl fogarmitfao tasuppart fmpravlmlot pcioofo` ar ta sustifo quicfty tliebfo` ioh fmpravlh stuhlot iebflvlmlot.Eaoslqulotcy, oat icc sebaac clihlrs bih i guccy rlicfstfe vflw ag tbl sebaac‖s strlo`tbs ar tbl kly prfarftflsgar hlvlcapmlot.

^lrgarmioel mioi`lmlot irrio`lmlots wlrl fo pciel jut tbly hfh oat suggfeflotcy fogarm praglssfaoic

hlvlcapmlot ar fmpravlmlots gar stuhlots. Fogarmitfao bih ylt ta jl uslh jy tbl prfoefpic iohclihlrsbfp tlim ta `fvl clihlrs i eclir fohfeitfao ag wblrl ta hfrlet tbl sebaac's lolr`fls.

Fogarmitfao gar sebaac slcg-lvicuitfao wis ìtblrlh gram i rio`l ag saurels, foecuhfo` pirlotic survlysioh stigg rlvflws, jut systlmitfe praelssls gar fhlotfgyfo` icc kly irlis gar fmpravlmlot wis stfcc wlik.Is i rlsuct, tbl sebaac‖s slcg-lvicuitfao haeumlotitfao cieklh lvicuitfvl ioicysfs fo mioy irlis.

Xbl sebaac fmpravlmlot pcio bih rlclviot tir`lts jislh ao cist ylir‖s fospletfao ag tbl sebaac, jut ftwis oat sbirpcy gaeuslh ao icc tbl irlis tbit ollhlh fmpravlmlot. Ft hfh oat sbaw io lggletfvl usl agfotlroic ioh lxtlroic hiti tbit wis strao`cy cfoklh ta fmpravlh stuhlot auteamls. Xblrl bih jllo samlfmpravlmlot mihl ta ihhrlss i glw ag tbl prlvfaus ylir‖s fospletfao rleammlohitfaos, oatijcy blictbioh siglty wftbfo tbl sebaac.


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îkfstio Lhueitfaoic Ieihlmy - Fospletfao Zlpart :>997 :5

îrtolrsbfps wftb pirlots ioh tbl eammuofty Ieelptijcl

îrlots ioh atblr eammuofty stiklbachlrs bih io ieelptijcl clvlc ag fovacvlmlot wftbfo tbl sebaac.îrlots wlrl koawclh`lijcl ijaut tblfr ebfchrlo‖s sebaac ioh wby ft suftlh tblm wlcc. Xbly mihl tblfrvflws koawo ta tbl sebaac tbrau`b i virflty ag mlios sueb is survlys ioh mlltfo` wftb tbl îrlots'Eauoefc, wbfeb bih hlvlcaplh sfòfgfeiotcy fo tbl sbart tfml sfoel tbl irrfvic ag tbl olw prfoefpic.

Xblrl wis lggletfvl twa-wiy eammuofeitfao jltwllo bamls ioh tbl sebaac, wbfeb klpt pirlotsfogarmlh ioh loì`lh wftb tbl sebaac. Jlttlr cfoks tbio prlvfauscy vfi tbl wljsftl ioh tbrau`b UMUwlrl fo pciel.

Zlpartfo` ao stuhlots‖ pra`rlss wis rlùcir, wftb wrfttlo rlparts ioh `rihl sbllts, is wlcc is pirlot-tlieblr eaoglrloels. Bawlvlr, rlparts hfh oat icwiys lmpbisfsl tbl olxt stlps fo clirofo` gar liebstuhlot. Mast, jut oat icc pirlots wlrl sitfsgflh wftb tblsl irrio`lmlots.

Xbl sebaac bih i oumjlr ag prahuetfvl cfoks wftb tbl caeic eammuofty, foecuhfo` jusfolssls, is wlcc iscfoks wftb atblr ̂ ikfstiof Uebaacs fo Hujif ioh fo Iju Hbijf. Xbl sebaac icsa uslh tbl ̂ ikfstiof Issaefitfaoag Hujif, is wlcc is fts garmlr stuhlots, ta suppart wark wftbfo tbl sebaac. Xbl olw prfoefpic jrau`btlxplrfloel, is wlcc is lxtlosfvl cfoks wftb îkfstio ioh atblr eauotrfls, wbfeb bl bih jlùo ta usl talobioel tbl gurtblr hlvlcapmlot ag tbl sebaac.

@avlroioel Ieelptijcl

Xbl eammfttlh àvlrofo` jahy warklh fo ecasl ea-aplritfao wftb tbl prfoefpic ioh slofar clihlrs tapravfhl suppart ioh hfrletfao gar tbl sebaac. Xbl àvlrofo` jahy bih jraihlolh fts rlprlslotitfao jyfoecuhfo` mlmjlrs wftb rlclviot lxplrtfsl, ictbau`b ft bih ylt ta foecuhl pirlotic rlprlslotitfao.

Zlùcir jairh mlltfo`s ioh prampt rlspaosls ta tbl vflws ag icc stiklbachlrs blcplh ta suppart iccclihlrs fo tblfr dauroly ag ebio`l gar tbl sebaac.

Xbl ̀ avlrofo` jahy bih jllo jrflglh avlr rlelot ylirs ao stuhlot plrgarmioel, jut hiti bih oat icwiysjllo ieeuritl loau`b ta fogarm gurtblr stritl`fe hlefsfao-mikfo`. Is i rlsuct, tbl àvlrofo` jahy‖sfovacvlmlot fo slttfo` tbl sebaac's prfarftfls wis cfmftlh, is wis fts fogculoel ao sebaac plrgarmioel.Bawlvlr, tbl ̀ avlroars rleaòfslh tblfr rlspaosfjfcfty ioh wlrl guccy eammfttlh ta mikfo` tbl olelssiryfmpravlmlots ta suppart tbl gurtblr hlvlcapmlot ag tbl sebaac.


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Xbl vflws ag tbl pirlots, tlieblrs ioh stuhlots

Jlgarl tbl fospletfao, tbl vflws ag tbl pirlots, tlieblrs ioh slofar sleaohiry stuhlots wlrl survlylh. Klymlssi`ls gram lieb `raup wlrl eaosfhlrlh hurfo` tbl fospletfao ioh tblsl blcplh ta garm fospletfao duh`lmlots. I summiry ag tbl survly stitfstfes ioh eammlots gram tbasl wba rlspaohlh ta tbl survly gaccaws4

Zlspaosls ta tbl survlys

Zlspaosls rlelfvlh Oumjlr

îrlots*

:>997 995

:>98-:>9< 926

Xlieblrs

86

Utuhlots

877

*Xbl oumjlr ag rlspaosls gram pirlots fs jislh ao tbl oumjlr ag gimfcfls.

I mfoarfty ag pirlots ioh tlieblrs rlspaohlh ta tblfr survlys.

Icmast icc pirlots wba rlspaohlh wlrl vlry pasftfvl ijaut tbl sebaac. Xbly glct tbit tblfr ebfchrlolodaylh jlfo` it sebaac ioh mast wlrl sitfsgflh wftb tbl quicfty ag lhueitfao agglrlh ioh tbl supparttbly rlelfvlh.

I glw pirlots wlrl oat eampcltlcy sitfsgflh wftb tblfr ebfchrlo‖s pra`rlss fo Fscimfe Lhueitfao, Irijfe,Lo`cfsb, mitblmitfes ioh sefloel.

I glw stuhlots lxprlsslh eaoelros ijaut tbl quicfty ag tliebfo` fo Irijfe ioh mitblmitfes clssaos fotbl bf`blr `rihls.

Icmast icc pirlots wlrl vlry sitfsgflh wftb tbl sebaac‖s olw clihlrs ioh mast glct tbit tbly cfstlolh tatblfr vflws ioh eaoelros.

I smicc mfoarfty ag pirlots lxprlsslh eaoelros ijaut gll clvlcs, piymlot irrio`lmlots ioh siglty aosebaac jusls.

Pbfcl tbl midarfty wlrl pasftfvl ijaut tbl rio`l ag sujdlets agglrlh fo tbl eurrfeucum ioh lxtri-eurrfeucir ietfvftfls, i sfòfgfeiot mfoarfty lxprlsslh eaoelros ijaut tblsl.

Ictbau`b tbl cir`l midarfty ag pirlots wlrl sitfsgflh tbit tbl rio`l ag rlsaurels, foecuhfo` tleboaca`y,wis ippraprfitl, i sfòfgfeiot mfoarfty wlrl hfssitfsgflh.

I cir`l midarfty ag tbl rlspaosls jy stuhlots ioh tlieblrs fohfeitlh tbl hlsfrl gar `rlitlr fovacvlmlotfo tbl eammuofty, lovfraomlotic ioh eaoslrvitfao pradlets ioh ietfvftfls.

Fg yau bivl i eaoelro ar wfsb ta eammlot ao ioy isplet ag tbfs rlpart yau sbauch eaotiet

khda pakistan educational academy 2014 2015

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