khÁng sinh vÀ ĐỀ khÁng.ppt

8/10/2019 KHNG SINH V KHNG.ppt

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KHNG SINH V KHNG CA VI KHUNVI KHNG SINH


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KHNG SINH ( ANTIBIOTICS)

1928

Fleming m t hin tngnhim nm penicilliumnotatum trn da cy tcu

1932

Domagktm ra sulfonamid

1940

penicillinc sn

xut vdng lnu

1944

Tm rastreptomycin

1948

Tm ratetracyclin

1952

Erythromycin

1960s

Cc KS Bntng hp

Cc mc tm ra cc cht khng sinh u ti


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PHT HIN KHNG SINH V S KHNG

KHNG SINH NM PHTHIN

NM AVO SDNG

PHT HIN KHNG

Penicillin 1928 1940Sulfonamid 1932 1936 -

Streptomycin 1944 1947 1947,1956Tetracyclin 1948 1952 1956Erythromycin 1952 1955 1956

Vancomycin 1956 1972 1987Gentamycin 1963 1967 1970Chloramphenicol - 1949 1953

Quinolone - 1962 -


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KHNG SINH NGUN GC Penicillin Penici ll ium notatum Polymyxin Bacil lus polymyxa Streptomycin Str eptomyces griseus Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)

v Tetracycline

Str eptomyces aureofaciens

Erythromycin Str eptomyces erythraeus Bacitracin Bacil lus subtil is Gentamycin M icromonospora purpurea Chloramphenicol Streptomyces venezuelae Cephalothin Cephalosporium Sulfonamid Ha hc- Thuc nhum mu

vi si

Khng sinh v ngun gc vi sinh vt


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Cu Trc Ha Hoc Ca Peptodoglycan

C CH TC DNG CA PENICILLIN V CEPHALOPOR


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Cc khng sinh penicillin v cephalospin (beta-lactamin)

Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vikhun

V d

Cc penicillint nhin

Penicilliumnotatum

Cc vi khun Gramdng

PenicillinG

Cc penicillinbn tng hp

Bn tng hp Cc vi khun Gramdng v Gram m

AmpicillinAmoxicillin

Cc penicillin khngpenicillinase

Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramdng

MethicillinOxacillin

Monobactam Chromobacteriumviolaceum

Vi khun Gramdng v Gram m

Aztreonam

Carboxypenem Streptomycescattleya

Vi khun Gramdng v Gram m

Imipenem


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Cephalosporint nhin ( thh 1)

Cephalosporin Vi khun Gramdng

Cephalothin

Cephalosporinth h 2

Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramdng v Gramm

Cefuroxim,Cefotetan

Cephalosporinth h 3

Bn tng hp Vi khun Gramm v Gramdng

CefotaximCeftazidime

Cephalosporinth h 4

Bn tng hp Vi khun gramdng v Gramm

cepemine

Cc cephalosporin


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Tc dng trn vch t bo ca vi khu


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C Ch Tc Dng Ca Khng Sinh


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Polymyxin

Vch ca vi khun Gram m Vch ca vi khun Gram dng

c ch chc nng ca mng nguyn tngvi khun


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Cu to ca ribosome vi khun


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Cc kiu c ch tng hp protein ca vi khun


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Khng sinh Tetracyclin v Chloramphenicol

Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vikhun

Chloramphenicol Streptomycesvenezuelae

Gram dngGram mRickettsia

Tetracyclin Streptomyces Vi khun Gramdng,Gram m,

Rickettsia,ChlamydiaMycoplasma

Doxycyclin Bn tng hp Minocyclin Bn tng hp


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Khng sinh aminoglycosideTn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi

khun

Streptomycin Str eptomyces griseus Gram dng,Gram m,

vi khun Lao Gentamycin M icromonospora purpurea Gram dng,

Gram mKanamycin Streptomyces

kanamyceticus Gram dng,

Gram m,vi khun Lao

Amikacin Bn tng hp Gram dng,Gram m


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Tn khng sinh ngun gc Tc dng trn vi khun Erythromycin Streptomyce

s erythreus

Vi khun Gram dng,

Campylobacter, HelicobacterVibrioAzithromycin Gram dng, Chlamydia

Mycoplasma pneumoniaClarithromycin

Khng sinh Macrolid


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Para-aminobenzoic acid

Dihydropteroic acid

Dihdrofolic acid

Tetrahydrofolic acid

PurinDNA, RNA

Dihydrofolatereductase

Trimethoprime

S ulfonamid

C ch tc dng ca cc sulfonamid


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Sulfonamid khnghp thu qua tiu ha

Sulfaguanidine Khng cn dng

Sulfonamid dng tonthn

SulfadiazineSulfamerazine

c ch cc vikhun Gramdng v gramm

Sulfonamid chm SulfamethoxazolSulfadoxin

Sulfonamid phi hp CotrimoxazolFansidar

Cc cht sulfonamid


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A.Bt hot thuc do enzym1. Penicillins & Cephalosporins - b-lactamases (penicillinases)2. Aminoglycosides - phosphorylation, adenylation, or acetylatio3. Chloramphenicol acetylation4. Macrolides - erythromycin esterase

Cc c ch khng c hiu


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B.Thay i tnh thm mng t bo : Gr ( ), Change in porins or transport proteins.- tetracyclines, b-lactams, aminoglycosides,quinolones


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C. Bm ngc thuc ra ngoi- tetracyclines,

- quinolones,- macrolides


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D. Thay i c quan ch trong t bo

1. Macrolides - methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA,blocking erythromycin binding

2. Aminoglycosides - altered protein in 30S ribosome


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F. Tng sn xut enzym ch 1. Sulfonamides - increased levels of dihydropteroate

synthetase

2. Trimethoprim - increased levels of DHFR


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Ngun gc khng thuc

1. khng thuc do tnh trng sinh l ca vi k

- Do vi khun trng thi sinh l khng pht tv nhn ln ( nha bo,

- Vi khun ng trong t bo ( vi khun lao) 2. khng thuc mc phi

- Do t bin nhim sc th - Do tip nhn plasmid khng thuc


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Phng thc ly truyn tnh khng thu Qua c ch giao phi (thng lin h n plasmid

Yu t lm tng kh nng ly nhim gen khng thuS c mt ca on gen nhy ( transposon)

S c mt ca ca on gen chn (inserted elements)
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/Slide4.gifhttp://ridge.icu.ac.jp/biobk/71241jwa.jpg


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Q h bi


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Qua c ch bi n np


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Qua c ch ti np do phage

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