khalid m.phil presentation

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ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN RIVER KABUL: IMPACT ON FISH POPULATION By By KHALID USMAN KHATTAK KHALID USMAN KHATTAK Supervise by Dr. Bakhtiar Supervise by Dr. Bakhtiar Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Farzana Perveen, Chairperson Farzana Perveen, Chairperson Department of Zoology Department of Zoology DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY HAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRA HAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRA PAKISTAN PAKISTAN

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Page 1: Khalid m.phil presentation

ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN RIVER KABUL: IMPACT ON FISH POPULATION

ByByKHALID USMAN KHATTAKKHALID USMAN KHATTAKSupervise by Dr. BakhtiarSupervise by Dr. Bakhtiar

Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Farzana Perveen, Chairperson Farzana Perveen, Chairperson

Department of ZoologyDepartment of Zoology

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGYHAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRAHAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRA

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

River Kabul: River Kabul originates from Afghanistan and enters Pakistan at Shalman in the Khyber Agency.Sampling Sites: Warsak Area Totti Tanneries Peshawar Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera Jehangir Upper Jehanhira Lower Kund Marble Factory Khairabad Attock

Page 3: Khalid m.phil presentation

HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS are natural components of the Earth's crustare natural components of the Earth's crust they cannot be degraded or destroyedthey cannot be degraded or destroyed to a small extent they enter our bodies via food, to a small extent they enter our bodies via food,

drinking water and airdrinking water and air as trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper,as trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper,

selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human bodymetabolism of the human body

however, at higher concentrations they can lead to however, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoningpoisoning

Present studyPresent study: Zn; Cu; Cd; Pb; Cr; Mn: Zn; Cu; Cd; Pb; Cr; Mn Water and FishesWater and Fishes

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OBJECTIVES To analyzed heavy metals in water

To analyzed heavy metals in fishes

To determined Physiochemical parameters of water

Its effect on Fish Population

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MATERIALS AND MATERIALS AND METHODSMETHODS

Water and fish species were collected River Kabul (Warsak to Attack ) During 2010-2011 Method: Water (Plastic bottles with screw caps, labeled)Fish (Glass jars, 90% Formalin, identified, Labeled)PhotographyPCSIR Laboratories of Peshawar

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SAMPLING SITES

Discharge of Khazana Suger Milleshawar Discharge of Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera

Discharge of Jehangira Lower Discharge of Cantt Area Nowshear

Discharge of Jehangira Upper Kund Marble Factory

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INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS pH meter pH meter Conductivity meterConductivity meter

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DO Meter Atomic DO Meter Atomic AbsorptionAbsorption

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ResultsResultsPhysico-chemical Parameters of waterPhysico-chemical Parameters of water

Table 1 Analysis of water Samples for physiochemical test collected from River Kabul during the

present research

S No Sites Alkalinity(mg/L

Hardness(mg/L

pH ElectricalConductivity

(µs/cm

Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L

1Khairabad Attack

252 324 7.33 416 2.74

2Kund Marble

Factory 276 296 7.56 488 2.41

3Jehanjira Lower

264 256 ↓

7.11 443 3.87

4Jehanjira Upper

308 274 7.66 487 3.33

5Cantt Area Nowshera 306 292 7.36 565 2.65

6Dalda Oil Mill

Nowshera 284 364 5.33

↓ 611 2.16 ↓

7Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar

406 ↑ 312 9.83

↑ 685 ↑ 2.62

8Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 260 458 ↑ 7.33 556 2.22

9War4sak Area

Peshawar 250 ↓ 258 7.51

357 ↓ 4.17 ↑

Page 10: Khalid m.phil presentation

HEAVY METALS IN WATERHEAVY METALS IN WATERTable 2 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) of the water in River Kabul at different sites during research

study

S No *Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb Cr Mn

1Khairabad Attack

4.37 2.11 ↓ 1.10 1.12 0.04 ↓ 0.40

2Kund Marble Factory

4.81 2.89 1.11 1.28 0.05 0.72

3Jehanjira Lower

4.77 2.36 1.12 1.19 0.09 0.47

4Jehanjira Upper

4.29 3.87 ↑ 1.17 1.23 0.14 0.36

5Cantt Area Nowshera

4.31 3.27 1.46 ↑ 1.36 0.20 0.05 ↓

6Dalda Oil Mill

Nowshera 7.11 3.11 1.36 2.11 0.22 2.11 ↑

7Khazana Sugar Mill

Peshawar 4.77 2.23 1.29 414 ↑ 1.87 0.47

8Totti Tanneries waste

Peshawar 5.00 ↑ 2.11 ↓ 1.23 3.27 2.11 ↑ 0.86

9War4sak Area

Peshawar 4.11 ↓ 1.07 0.42 ↓ 0.06 ↓ 0.05 0.06

Page 11: Khalid m.phil presentation

Heavy metals in Heavy metals in FishesFishes

Table 3 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) in fish (Rohu) Labeo rohita from River Kabul at different sites

during the present research.

S No

*Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb Cr Mn

1Khairabad Attack

4.05 0.05 ↓ 0.05 0.01 0.00 ↓ 0.00 ↓

2Kund Marble Factory

4.00 1.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 ↓ 0.05

3Jehanjira Lower 3.00 ↓ 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.05 1.00

4Jehanjira Upper

4.05 3.05 2.05 0.01 0.05 0.05

5Cantt Area Nowshera 5.00 1.00 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05

6Dalda Oil Mill

Nowshera 6.00

↑ 1.00 3.05 ↑ 0.02 ↑ 0.05 1.00

7Khazana Sugar Mill

Peshawar 3.06 2.05 ↑ 0.05 0.01 1.00 2.00

8Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 4.00 025 ↑ 0.05 0.01 1.05 ↑ 1.00

9War4sak Area

Peshawar 4.00 1.05 0.00 ↓ 0.00 ↓ 0.01 0.05

Page 12: Khalid m.phil presentation

FISH BIODIVERSITYFISH BIODIVERSITY

Channa gochua (Hamilton) Gara gotyla (Gray, 1830) Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton)

Clopisoma naziri (Mirza and Awan) Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) Puntus sophore(Hamilton)

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Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Barilius vagra (Hamilton) Barilius pakistanicus (Mirza and Sadiq)

Puntius ticto (Hamilton) Clupisoma garuva (Hamilton)

Page 14: Khalid m.phil presentation

Heavy Metal ToxicityHeavy Metal ToxicityPalmer KeratosisPalmer Keratosis

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Bowen's diseaseBowen's diseaseThe skin has two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below. Bowen’s The skin has two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below. Bowen’s

disease is a precursor of skin cancer of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, disease is a precursor of skin cancer of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, the dermis is not affected. the dermis is not affected.

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Basal-cell-carcinoma

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Conclusion

Water contain heavy metals

Water are not suitable for drinking

Water are not suitable for irrigation

Water quality are not suitable for fish growth

Fishes may cause serious diseases

Page 18: Khalid m.phil presentation

Recommendations

Industries discharge should be cleaned before enter to the River

Time to time Fish fauna should be checked out

Industries using heavy metals should be reduced

Both public and private partnership is needed to safe the River

from pollution

Tourist should not want to thrown garbed to the River

Page 19: Khalid m.phil presentation

References•Alam, A. and Tanaka, k. (2002) A comparison of trace elements

concentration in cultured and Wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Lake Kasumigara

Japan. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 53: 348-354.•Andrews, S. and Sutherland, R. A. (2004) Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in

Nuuanu Water shed, Oahu, Hawaii. Science of Total Environment 324:

173-182.•Afzal, M. (2007) Effect of civic pollution on fish and fisheries in the

Riverine system. Final report of ALP sponsored project. AFP, NARC, Islamabad 1-

165.•Akif, M.., Khan, A. R., Sok, M. K., Hussain, Z., Abrar, M. and Muhammad,

A. (2002) Textile effluents and their contribution towards aquatic pollution in

the Kabul River (Pakistan). Journal of Chemistry Society Pakistan 24:

106-111. •Alvi, M. P. (2007) Economy and development History, Travel Pakistan.•Barlas, N. (1999) A pilot study of heavy metal concentration in various environments and fishes in the Upper Sakarya River Basin.

Environmental Toxicology 14:367–373.•Burgera, J. M. and Gochfeldb, M. (2005) Heavy metals in commercial fish

in New Jersey. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 36: 355–

365.

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