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ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN RIVER KABUL: IMPACT ON FISH POPULATION
ByByKHALID USMAN KHATTAKKHALID USMAN KHATTAKSupervise by Dr. BakhtiarSupervise by Dr. Bakhtiar
Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Muhammad Co-Supervisor Dr. Farzana Perveen, Chairperson Farzana Perveen, Chairperson
Department of ZoologyDepartment of Zoology
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGYHAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRAHAZARA UNIVERSITY, MANSEHRA
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
River Kabul: River Kabul originates from Afghanistan and enters Pakistan at Shalman in the Khyber Agency.Sampling Sites: Warsak Area Totti Tanneries Peshawar Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera Jehangir Upper Jehanhira Lower Kund Marble Factory Khairabad Attock
HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS are natural components of the Earth's crustare natural components of the Earth's crust they cannot be degraded or destroyedthey cannot be degraded or destroyed to a small extent they enter our bodies via food, to a small extent they enter our bodies via food,
drinking water and airdrinking water and air as trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper,as trace elements, some heavy metals (e.g. copper,
selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the selenium, zinc) are essential to maintain the metabolism of the human bodymetabolism of the human body
however, at higher concentrations they can lead to however, at higher concentrations they can lead to poisoningpoisoning
Present studyPresent study: Zn; Cu; Cd; Pb; Cr; Mn: Zn; Cu; Cd; Pb; Cr; Mn Water and FishesWater and Fishes
OBJECTIVES To analyzed heavy metals in water
To analyzed heavy metals in fishes
To determined Physiochemical parameters of water
Its effect on Fish Population
MATERIALS AND MATERIALS AND METHODSMETHODS
Water and fish species were collected River Kabul (Warsak to Attack ) During 2010-2011 Method: Water (Plastic bottles with screw caps, labeled)Fish (Glass jars, 90% Formalin, identified, Labeled)PhotographyPCSIR Laboratories of Peshawar
SAMPLING SITES
Discharge of Khazana Suger Milleshawar Discharge of Dalda Oil Mill Nowshera
Discharge of Jehangira Lower Discharge of Cantt Area Nowshear
Discharge of Jehangira Upper Kund Marble Factory
INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS pH meter pH meter Conductivity meterConductivity meter
DO Meter Atomic DO Meter Atomic AbsorptionAbsorption
ResultsResultsPhysico-chemical Parameters of waterPhysico-chemical Parameters of water
Table 1 Analysis of water Samples for physiochemical test collected from River Kabul during the
present research
S No Sites Alkalinity(mg/L
Hardness(mg/L
pH ElectricalConductivity
(µs/cm
Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L
1Khairabad Attack
252 324 7.33 416 2.74
2Kund Marble
Factory 276 296 7.56 488 2.41
3Jehanjira Lower
264 256 ↓
7.11 443 3.87
4Jehanjira Upper
308 274 7.66 487 3.33
5Cantt Area Nowshera 306 292 7.36 565 2.65
6Dalda Oil Mill
Nowshera 284 364 5.33
↓ 611 2.16 ↓
7Khazana Sugar Mill Peshawar
406 ↑ 312 9.83
↑ 685 ↑ 2.62
8Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 260 458 ↑ 7.33 556 2.22
9War4sak Area
Peshawar 250 ↓ 258 7.51
357 ↓ 4.17 ↑
HEAVY METALS IN WATERHEAVY METALS IN WATERTable 2 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) of the water in River Kabul at different sites during research
study
S No *Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb Cr Mn
1Khairabad Attack
4.37 2.11 ↓ 1.10 1.12 0.04 ↓ 0.40
2Kund Marble Factory
4.81 2.89 1.11 1.28 0.05 0.72
3Jehanjira Lower
4.77 2.36 1.12 1.19 0.09 0.47
4Jehanjira Upper
4.29 3.87 ↑ 1.17 1.23 0.14 0.36
5Cantt Area Nowshera
4.31 3.27 1.46 ↑ 1.36 0.20 0.05 ↓
6Dalda Oil Mill
Nowshera 7.11 3.11 1.36 2.11 0.22 2.11 ↑
7Khazana Sugar Mill
Peshawar 4.77 2.23 1.29 414 ↑ 1.87 0.47
8Totti Tanneries waste
Peshawar 5.00 ↑ 2.11 ↓ 1.23 3.27 2.11 ↑ 0.86
9War4sak Area
Peshawar 4.11 ↓ 1.07 0.42 ↓ 0.06 ↓ 0.05 0.06
Heavy metals in Heavy metals in FishesFishes
Table 3 Analysis of heavy metals (ppm) in fish (Rohu) Labeo rohita from River Kabul at different sites
during the present research.
S No
*Sites Zn Cu Cd Pb Cr Mn
1Khairabad Attack
4.05 0.05 ↓ 0.05 0.01 0.00 ↓ 0.00 ↓
2Kund Marble Factory
4.00 1.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 ↓ 0.05
3Jehanjira Lower 3.00 ↓ 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.05 1.00
4Jehanjira Upper
4.05 3.05 2.05 0.01 0.05 0.05
5Cantt Area Nowshera 5.00 1.00 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05
6Dalda Oil Mill
Nowshera 6.00
↑ 1.00 3.05 ↑ 0.02 ↑ 0.05 1.00
7Khazana Sugar Mill
Peshawar 3.06 2.05 ↑ 0.05 0.01 1.00 2.00
↑
8Totti Tanneries waste Peshawar 4.00 025 ↑ 0.05 0.01 1.05 ↑ 1.00
9War4sak Area
Peshawar 4.00 1.05 0.00 ↓ 0.00 ↓ 0.01 0.05
FISH BIODIVERSITYFISH BIODIVERSITY
Channa gochua (Hamilton) Gara gotyla (Gray, 1830) Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton)
Clopisoma naziri (Mirza and Awan) Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) Puntus sophore(Hamilton)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Barilius vagra (Hamilton) Barilius pakistanicus (Mirza and Sadiq)
Puntius ticto (Hamilton) Clupisoma garuva (Hamilton)
Heavy Metal ToxicityHeavy Metal ToxicityPalmer KeratosisPalmer Keratosis
Bowen's diseaseBowen's diseaseThe skin has two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below. Bowen’s The skin has two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below. Bowen’s
disease is a precursor of skin cancer of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, disease is a precursor of skin cancer of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, the dermis is not affected. the dermis is not affected.
Basal-cell-carcinoma
Conclusion
Water contain heavy metals
Water are not suitable for drinking
Water are not suitable for irrigation
Water quality are not suitable for fish growth
Fishes may cause serious diseases
Recommendations
Industries discharge should be cleaned before enter to the River
Time to time Fish fauna should be checked out
Industries using heavy metals should be reduced
Both public and private partnership is needed to safe the River
from pollution
Tourist should not want to thrown garbed to the River
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Nuuanu Water shed, Oahu, Hawaii. Science of Total Environment 324:
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165.•Akif, M.., Khan, A. R., Sok, M. K., Hussain, Z., Abrar, M. and Muhammad,
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