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Keywords: alpha, beta, gamma, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion

P2 Topic 5: Nuclear Fission and nuclear fusionThis topic looks at:

•Isotopes

•Ionising Radiation

•Nuclear Reactions – Fission and Fusion

•How nuclear reactors work

Define the term isotope:

Provide the number of protons, electrons and neutrons for each of these isotopes of chlorine

Label the atomWhat are the particles in the nucleus called?

LABEL THE POWER STATION DIAGRAM

What do the control rods do?

Keyw

ord

s: Io

nis

ing

rad

iatio

n, io

n, ra

dio

activ

e, n

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ar re

acto

rs, c

on

trol ro

ds

Keywords: alpha, beta, gamma, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion

P2 Topic 5: Nuclear Fission and nuclear fusionThis topic looks at:

•Isotopes

•Ionising Radiation

•Nuclear Reactions – Fission and Fusion

•How nuclear reactors work

What is an ion?

What is ionising radiation?

What is a radioactive substance?

Explain nuclear fission (use diagrams): Explain nuclear fusion (use diagrams):

Put the following steps in the correct order to explain how a nuclear power station works:

a. Reactor contains nuclear fuel rods

b. Electricity is produced

c.Turbine spins the generator

d. This produces a lot of heat which boils

water in nearby pipes.

e. In the heat exchange water boils to form

steam, it moves turbines

f. Electricity sent to the National

Grid

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Keywords: Half-life, GM Tube, count rate, radioactive decay, HLW, LLW, ILW, nuclear power

P2 Topic 6: Benefits and drawbacks of using radioactive materialsThis topic looks at:

•The changing ideas of radioactivity

•What happens to nuclear waste

•Half-life

•Background Radiation

•Uses of radiation

How did each of these scientists contribute to our understanding of radiation?Henri Becquerel:

Marie Curie:

Ernest Rutherford:

Explain what half-life is:

Fill in this table assuming there is a 10% decay every hour:

Time from start (hours)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. of unstable atoms

1000 900 477

No, of unstable

atoms that decay in the

next hour

100 90 48

What is the main cause of background radiation in the UK?

How is the radioactivity of a source measured?

What does the term count rate mean?

Method of disposal Problems

Firing into space

Dumping barrels in the sea

Storage underground

HLW –

ILW –

LLW -

Keyw

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k, m

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Keywords: Half-life, GM Tube, count rate, radioactive decay, HLW, LLW, ILW, nuclear power

P2 Topic 6: Benefits and drawbacks of using radioactive materialsThis topic looks at:

•The changing ideas of radioactivity

•What happens to nuclear waste

•Half-life

•Background Radiation

•Uses of radiation

What is the half-life of the following isotopes and what ionising radiation do they emit?

Uranium-235

Technetium-99

Carbon-14

Radon-222

Thallium-208

Stronium-90Define the term

• Irradiating

Explain the difference between irradiated and radioactive:

What are the benefits and drawbacks of irradiating food?

Benefits Drawbacks

How can gamma rays be used to help diagnose and treat cancer?

Describe the uses of radioactivity in household smoke alarms