Keyboards, Mice and MICRPresentors:•Ali S. Mohammad•Abdul-Moiz•Abdur-Rafey S. Saeed•Mohammed Taha•Abdullah S. Sheikh

A Computer Science

Presentation

Keyboards, Mice and MICR2

•Agenda for our PresentationKeyboards, Mice and MICR

Discussion Item One – How does the standard Keyboard Work?Capacitive and the rest

Discussion Item Two – Special Keyboards Ergonomic, virtual, wireless, gaming, compact and concept

Discussion Item Five – MICRMagnetic Ink Character Recognition

Discussion Item Three – How does the standard Mouse work? Mechanical, optical and laser

Discussion Item Four – Special MiceInertial, gyroscopic, 3-D, tactile, ergonomic and gaming

Comparison of the allocation of time for each discussion

Specialized Keyboards

Specialized Mice

How Keyboards work?

How Mice work?

MICR

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The key matrix has switches and circuitry as well as a processor

Pressing a key closes a switch and completes a circuit The position of the key is compared to the character map by

the processor and sends the correct signal to the computer Rubber dome switches use carbon centres. The Rubber or

silicon layer enables the bouncing back Membrane keyboards have no key caps (a continuous flat

membrane Metal-contact have pieces of metal on spring-loaded keys The processor filters out ‘bounce’ due to mechanical action

Hard Contact keys and general

Keyboards, Mice and MICR

•How does the standard keyboard work?

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In capacitive, currently constantly flows throughout the key matrix Each spring-loaded key has a metal plate attached it and another

on the key matrix below itA key press brings the two plates closerThe change in electric current is registered a key pressExpensive but longer lifeNo bounce as no mechanical action

Capacitive keyboards•How does the Standard Keyboard Work

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Today’s keyboards are similar to those of the last 20 yearsThey have 105 keys instead of 95-103Laying out of keys can changeMost use the QWERTY layout(name derived from first 6 letters)Some may have AZERTY layout(reason is the same)Others include QWERTZ and DvorakKeys can also be changed to suit other languages

Standard Keyboard•How does the standard keyboard work?

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These are designed to prevent stress on wrists and fingersThey also prevent Carpal Tunnel SyndromeTwo types1. As a single piece where the angle of key placement relieves

stress2. In the form of separate pieces each with a group of keys able

to be angled to provide maximum comfort These keyboards are radically different from flat, undivided

regular keyboards

Ergonomic Keyboards•Special Keyboards

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These do not require wires, instead use Bluetooth, infrared (IR) and radio frequency (RF)

Require external power provided by batteriesAll require a transceiver to connect into a port and relay contact

between computer and keyboardBluetooth keyboards have a 30ft range. Many devices are

compatible with BluetoothCheap RF keyboards have a 5ft rangeIR keyboards require to be in the line-of-sight of the transceiver.

This is their major drawback, otherwise they have a 12ft range

Wireless•Special Keyboards

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These are keyboard software apps for mouse or touchscreenUsed in devices such as tablets and smartphones where it is

impractical to use hardware keyboardsAlso used for security purposes as anything typed on hardware

keyboards is stored on key logsThis service is thus provided by Bank ATMs

Internet keyboards have hot keys for Internet-related functionsThese include hot keys for back, forward, bookmarks list, e-mail

inbox, Google search, YouTube, online shopping etc.

Virtual and Internet•Special Keyboards

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These serve to enhance and make a convenient gaming experience

Features include volume control, key lighting, interchangeable keys, mini-touch screens, inbuilt joysticks and fancy lighting etc.

These can come in all shapes and sizes (round to v-shaped)This is however mostly nothing but a marketing gimmickKeyboards specialized for specific genres are also availableIn first-person shooter games, the directional keys are place

such that they avoid repetitive stress on the fingers and wrist

Gaming•Special Keyboards

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These keyboards have no pre-set keysIt uses a touch-sensitive screen with a key/overlay displayedEach key can be programmed to have a variety of functionsUsed in restaurants where instead of typing, waiters can easily

press a single key for each meal. Conveniently pictures or icons can replace words on each virtual key

Beneficial for the elderly, especially those with arthritisTouchscreens are increasingly replacing concept keyboards

Concept Keyboards•Special Keyboards

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These are slim and small, hence the nameNo numeric keypadMostly used by laptopsMultiple keys are used for otherwise single-key functionsSome also include a touchpad for a mouseOffer greater portability during travel and storage due to

compact designPeople with hand, finger movement disabilities use these as well

Compact Keyboards•Special Keyboards

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Best non-traditional keyboard as....•The group has voted for

Others that came close include Steel Series Apex, Logitech Wireless All-in-One, Favi Entertainment SmartStick and Martias Laptop Keyboard.

The main keyboard is divided into two raised and angled parts with a teardrop space in between and raised on an angle.

The Numeric Keypad is separated. Add to that wirelessness and you have got ultimate wrist comfort specially for those big typing works.

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Ball placed underneath rolls with mouse movementTwo rollers (90° to each other)measure X and Y movementsMovement is measured by a system that includes spinning, hole

wielding disks, LED and sensorSensor’s pulses are converted into binary data and sent aheadLED mice essentially capture many pictures by bouncing LED light

off the surface into a CMOS sensorThe Digital Signal Processor identifies patterns and changes in

each picture relative to the previous oneThe movement of mouse is thus understood and relayed aheadLaser mice use a laser instead of a LEDBall mice require mouse pads due to their not working on all

surfaces. LED/ laser mice work on a wider range

Mechanical, LED/Laser•How do Standard Mice work?

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Inertial/gyroscopic mice (‘air mice’) require small wrist rotation and no surface as they use accelerometers and gyroscopes to determine cursor movement

This prevents user fatigue and gorilla arm3D mice record movement in all 6 axesThis includes rotation and movement along X,Y, Z axesA consumer-based version is the Nintendo WiiTactile Mice use a small actuator for vibration in user’s handsThis allows the mouse to provide haptic feedback

Inertial mice, 3D and tactile mice•Special Mice

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Ergonomic mice provide optimum comfortThey minimise injuries such as carpet-tunnel syndrome, arthritis

and other repetitive strain injuriesOne places the palm vertically to prevent crossing of arm’s ulna

and radius bonesAngling of the mouse reduces wrist pronationMouse for gamers are ergonomic as they use it for a long timeMany have advanced sensitivity for real-time strategy and

online battle arena gamesThe number of buttons may increase with game requirements

Ergonomic and Games•Special Mice

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Certain mice have extra buttons ranging from the whole keyboard to numeric keypad or a simple scrolling button

Some use a trackball place upside down to be used by the fingers without movement of the mouse itself

Wireless mice use infrared to relay their movements to a receiver inserted in a USB port instead of a wire

Others may use inbuilt Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities

Others•Special Mice

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• Best non-traditional mice developer as....•The group has voted for

The 3-D Mouse

Tactile Mouse

ErgonomicAnd the Inertial

Mouse withNumeric Keypad

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MICR is most commonly used by banksIt can process 300 cheques per minute with 100% accuracyAll cheques carry cheque, bank and customer’s account numberThis is in magnetic ink (with iron particles in it) It is written in an easily readable, standard fontWhen cheque is placed on the MIC Reader, the magnetic ink

creates waves over the readerThese waves will not change even if written over with normal inkThe font is what enables the quick reading

MICR with the Bank Cheques.•Magnetic Ink Character Recognition