KEY MESSAGES:

OBJECTIVES: This project aimed to establish the capacity conducting participatory risk analysis to improve food safety and participation of smallholder

farmers in informal markets for livestock products in sub Saharan Africa.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This project was funded by BMZ/ILRI. We thank Germany-South African Funding with

Hohenheim University (GTZ), NRF South Africa, University of Pretoria, PSDA/BMZ, ASARECA, Italian Embassy, Japan Ministry

of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire for co-

funding. We were technically supported by Free University Berlin and Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany.

Figure 2. Countries participating and participatory risk analysis studies

Ethiopia • Staphylococcus aureus in

milk

Kenya • E. coli on cattle carcasses in

abattoirs

• E. coli in beef value chain

• Brucella in milk

• Microbiological quality of milk

Tanzania • S. aureus in milk

• Camplylobacter in roast beef

Mozambique • Prerequisites for HACCP in

small scale poultry production

Côte d’Ivoire • Several pathogens in milk

• Inhibition of pathogens by

Bifidobacterium in milk

• Polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons in fish

Mali • Brucella in milk

• Perception in food safety

Ghana • Listeria monocytogenes in

milk

South Africa • S. aureus in dried beef

product

• Food safety in tribal rituals

• Impala game meat

Key Messages from Safe food, Fair food (BMZ/ILRI) Food safety in informally marketed livestock products in sub Saharan Africa

Makita K1,2, Kangethe E3, Zewde G4, Kurwijila L5, Matusse H6, McCrindle C7, Tano-Debrah K8, Bonfoh B9, Costard S1,10, Grace D1 1International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya, 2Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan, 3University of Nairobi, Kenya, 4Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 5Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania,

6Directorate of Animal Science, Mozambique, 7University of Pretoria, South Africa, 8University of Ghana, Ghana, 9Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 10Royal Veterinary College, UK

METHODS:

Figure 1 shows key activities (2008-2011)

Food safety country situational analysis • Understanding regulating frameworks of

food safety

• Prioritization of food safety problems

Participatory risk assessment • Done by mainly postgraduate students

• 21 risk assessment studies

National stakeholder workshops • Workshops with Gvt. stakeholders,

academic institutions and private sectors

• Dissemination of situational analysis and

risk assessment results

Figure 1. Key activities of Safe food, Fair food

4. Necessity for trans-

disciplinary research and

action along value chain

2. Risks were less

serious than previously

perceived

1. Realized importance

of informal food chains

in African economy

Facts: Dominance of informal markets in Africa- 80-90% of foods are sold through informal value chains

Facts: Traditional milk fermentation reduces risk of staphylococcal poisoning by 93.5%

Risk reduction

Facts: Structure of informal value chains were identified within a few days Facts:

Perception of risk in milk was dependent on personal trust, not necessarily on hygienic practices

3. Participatory methods

were found useful in risk

assessment in resource

poor countries