kevin fort, andrew walker dept. of viticulture and enology ... 2014.pdf · bettiga. 2003. wine...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water Efficiency of Rootstocks: Soil and Pest Interactions
Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis
Photo: Mark Battany
![Page 2: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The urban response to drought stress
![Page 3: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where do we begin? What do we already know about water use?
![Page 4: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The VERY tight relationship between available water and yield
Grimes and Williams 1990
![Page 5: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
But is it really so simple? Complicating factors appear very quickly
O’Toole & Hsiao 1982
![Page 6: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The complication of defining drought
Photo: Mark Battany
low input low storage variable intensity
![Page 7: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Even detecting drought resistance can be a problem
Easlon and Richards. 2009.
![Page 8: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The impact of roots
![Page 9: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Can rootstocks help with drought resistance?
Williams. 2010.
![Page 10: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Can rootstocks help with drought resistance?
Williams. 2010.
![Page 11: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Can rootstocks help with drought resistance?
McCarthy et al. 1997.
![Page 12: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Impacts on water use in a dry environment
Rootstock / nematode
interactions
![Page 13: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The importance of pest resistance in water use efficiency
Effect of rootstocks...from a nematode-infested...vineyard. McCarthy & Cirami. 1990.
dry farmed, shallow sand on dense clay
![Page 14: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pest susceptibility = drought susceptibility
McCarthy & Cirami. 1990.
![Page 15: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Planning for nematode resistance, to increase water use efficiency
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California “strain specific”
![Page 16: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST RESISTANCE: GRN 1-5
*stable resistance at high temps *are dagger nematode resistant
*better lesion and citrus nematode resistance
*GRN1 also resists ring nematode
![Page 17: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST RESISTANCE: GRN 1-5
1616C & Freedom:
aggressive species and strains can reduce their effectiveness
![Page 18: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST RESISTANCE: GRN 1-5
1616C & Freedom:
aggressive species and strains can reduce their effectiveness
Ramsey:
very good (but vigor issues)
![Page 19: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST RESISTANCE: GRN 1-5
1616C & Freedom:
aggressive species and strains can reduce their effectiveness
Ramsey:
very good (but vigor issues)
Dog Ridge
good (but vigor and propagation issues)
![Page 20: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB
![Page 21: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB
1103P
not very resistant, but outgrows damage
![Page 22: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB
1103P
not very resistant, but outgrows damage
Riparia Gloire
now considered to have medium-high resistance (as good as 101-14, and
maybe even better)
![Page 23: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
An update on the previous root knot nematode resistance recommendations
Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California
BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB
1103P
not very resistant, but outgrows damage
Riparia Gloire
now considered to have medium-high resistance
The remaining “lows”:
still low
![Page 24: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rootstock / salinity interactions
Photo: Mark Battany
![Page 25: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Why salt matters in water use efficiency osmotic effect
toxic effect
Pure water
Membrane
Salt
![Page 26: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The problems yield reduction
quality reduction
Maas. 1993.
![Page 27: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
More problems yield reduction
quality reduction accurate phenotyping
Col 1 vs Col 2
% Necrosis + Leaf Loss, 55-57 days (8 wks) (pooled total individuals, +/- 1 stdev)
% to
tal s
tem
leng
th
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
RamseyRiparia
ThompsonFr Colombard
![Page 28: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Where we started... troubleshooting the phenotype
![Page 29: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A workable assay Derived from a root study
“Magic” ingredients: fritted clay, herbaceous cuttings
![Page 30: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Taxonomically “wide” screening: Claire Heinitz
Super-excluders and hyper-accumulators
![Page 31: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The current assay higher throughput
less space better data
![Page 32: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The current assay
![Page 33: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A parallel assay: season-long and
grafted
![Page 34: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
*when assayed as chloride exclusion
![Page 35: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks BEST SALT TOLERANCE:*
140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE? Vitis girdiana Vitis acerifolia Vitis arizonica
Vitis doaniana may be even better
![Page 36: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
![Page 37: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE: 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
But note the mediocre to poor nematode resistance
of these stocks
![Page 38: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
(currently under examination...)
Intermediate???????
110R, 1103P, Riparia Gloire, many more
![Page 39: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
Intermediate??????? 110R, 1103P, Riparia Gloire, many more
Low end of
intermediate: Ramsey
(Salt Creek)
![Page 40: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
Intermediate??????? 110R, 1103P, Riparia Gloire, many more
Low end of intermediate:
Ramsey (Salt Creek)
Poor:
Own-rooted V. vinifera
![Page 41: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
An update on salt tolerance in rootstocks
BEST SALT TOLERANCE:* 140Ru
NEW AND BETTER SALT TOLERANCE?
Vitis girdiana Vitis longii
Vitis arizonica
Excellent: Schwarzmann
St. George
Intermediate??????? 110R, 1103P, Riparia Gloire,
many more
Low end of intermediate: Ramsey
(Salt Creek)
Poor: Own-rooted V. vinifera
Terrible:
44-53 (a “hyperaccumulator”)
![Page 42: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Can we breed for more drought
resistant roots?
![Page 43: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Traditional “mass selection” theoretically possible practically impossible
![Page 44: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Can we breed for higher water use
efficiency?
What trait(s) to breed for?
![Page 45: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Can we breed for higher water use
efficiency?
“physiological trait selection”
Growth rate: slow growth,
small final leaf area
Phenology: short season
Root traits: depth (average angle),
root length density, root strength,
cavitation resistance, cavitation re-filling
Shoot traits: epicuticular wax,
osmotic adjustment
Root : shoot ratio
Pest / disease resistance
![Page 46: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Can we breed for higher water use
efficiency?
“physiological trait selection”
Growth rate: slow growth,
small final leaf area
Phenology: short season
Root traits: depth (average angle),
root length density, root strength,
cavitation resistance, cavitation re-filling
Shoot traits: epicuticular wax,
osmotic adjustment
Root : shoot ratio
Pest / disease resistance
![Page 47: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
A whirlwind tour of root phenotyping in the Walker lab
![Page 48: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Root angle capture
Rice Uga et al. 2011.
![Page 49: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Adventitious roots from herbaceous cuttings
Riparia Ramsey
![Page 50: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Rooting angles from 1- and 2-season field-grown vines
![Page 51: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Hydroponic characterizations
![Page 52: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Single root analyses
![Page 53: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Potted vine root architecture well-watered and drought/salt stressed
![Page 54: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Rhizotrons: Joaquin Fraga well-watered and drought stressed dynamic, non-destructive analysis
![Page 55: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
1. root : shoot ratios 2. root architecture 2. carbohydrate storage 3. performance
New and improved field studies
![Page 56: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Descriptive and functional root biology
![Page 57: Kevin Fort, Andrew Walker Dept. of Viticulture and Enology ... 2014.pdf · Bettiga. 2003. Wine Grape Varieties in California . BEST “MODERATE RESISTANCE”: 5BB 1103P not very resistant,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042810/5f9afdd1f606fe78750761dc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
thanks to…
• E&J Gallo Winery • The California Grape Rootstock Improvement
Commission • California Grapevine Rootstock Research
Foundation • CDFA Improvement Advisory Board • California Table Grape Commission • American Vineyard Foundation • Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair funds