kesehatan masyrakat
TRANSCRIPT
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LAPORAN KEGIATAN
UPAYA PROMOSI KESEHATAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN
MASYARAKAT PENYULUHAN “HIV/AIDS”
OLEH:dr. MAULAN SAPUTRA
PENDAMPING:
dr. H. SARTONO, MM
PROGRAM DOKTER INTERNSHIP
PUSKESMAS PEMARON
2015
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LAPORAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
PENYULUHAN “HIV/AIDS”
Brebes, Sepe!ber 2015
Peser" Pr#$r"! I%er%s&'p Pe%d"!p'%$ Pr#$r"! I%er%s&'p
dr. M"()"% S"p(r" dr. H. S"r#%#, MM
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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. LATAR BELAKANG
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome *AIDS+ per"!" ")' d''de%'-'"s' p"d" "&(%
1/1 see)"& !(%() "s(s"s(s p%e(!#%'" Pneumocystis carinii d"% s"r#!" K"p#s' p"d"
)"')"' !(d" !#ses d' berb"$"' ')"3"& A!er'" Ser'". K"s(s per"!" d' I%d#%es'"
d')"p#r"% se"r" res!' #)e& Dep"re!e% Kese&""% p"d" "&(% 1/4, 3"'( p"d" se#r"%$
"r$" Ne$"r" Be)"%d" 3"%$ sed"%$ ber)'b(r e B")'. Sebe%"r%3" sebe)(! '(, 3"'( p"d"
"&(% 1/5 e)"& d'e!("% "s(s 3"%$ $e")"%3" s"%$" ses("' de%$"% HI67AIDS d"% &"s')
es ELISA '$" ")' d'()"%$ d'%3"""% p#s''-. Te"p' es 8eser% B)# &"s')%3" %e$"'9e,
se&'%$" 'd" d')"p#r"%. K"s(s ed(" d'e!("% p"d" b()"% M"re 1/ d' RS ;'p#
M"%$(%(s(!#, p"d" p"s'e% &e!#-')'". *D#erb"% < d, 200+.
D' I%d#%es'" se%d'r', (!)"& #d&" er(s !e%'%$". D"" er"&'r p"d" "&(% 200/
!e%(%("% b"&" (!)"& #d&" d' I%d#%es'" e)"& !e%"p"' 22.= #r"%$. *Depes RI,
200/+. Me%(r( UNAIDS, I%d#%es'" !er(p""% Ne$"r" de%$"% per(%b(&"% ep'de!'
erep" d' As'". P"d" "&(% 2004 !e%e!p"' (r("% e d' d(%'", %"!(% "re%"
pe!"&"!"% d"r' $e")" pe%3"' d"% s'$!"" s#'") !"s3"r"", &"%3" 510 > 3"%$
erd'"$%#s" d"% d')"("% pe%$#b""%.*UNAIDS, 2010+.
T'%$" per(!b(&"% pe%der'" AIDS d' I%d#%es'" ((p '%$$'. Dep"re!e%
Kese&""% *DEPKES+ !e!pred's' p"d" "&(% 2010 HI67AIDS d' I%d#%es'" ""% !e%"d'
p"%de!'. Pe%'%$""% '%-es' HI6 p"d" pe%3")"&$(%" %"r#b" er"d' se"r" s'$%'-'"%. P"d"
"&(% 1, pe%'%$""%%3" !e%"p"' 15>, "&(% 2000 !e!be%$" !e%"d' =0>, d"% d("
"&(% e!(d'"%, ep"%3" 2002, e)"& !e%$e!b(%$ !e%"d' =4,>. Se!e%"r" '(, '%-es'
HI6 p"d" d#%#r d"r"& se"r" %"s'#%") !e!per)'&""% bes"r"%3" (r"%$ d"r' d(" se'"p per
10.000 "%#%$ d"r"& d' "") 2001. P"d" '$" "&(% er"&'r "%"r" 142000 '%-es' HI6
p"d" d#%#r d"r"& d' I%d#%es'" !e%'%$" &'%$$" sep()(& ")' )'p".I%-es' HI67AIDS ($" !e%"d' per&"'"% s"" '%' "re%" pe%'%$""% "%$"
e"d'"%%3" 3"%$ er(s ber(!b(& d"r' "( e "(. ?(!)"& pe%der'" HI67AIDS
d'$"!b"r"% seb"$"' -e%#!e%" $(%(%$ es, 3"'( (!)"& pe%der'" 3"%$ d')"p#r"% "(& )eb'&
e') d"r' (!)"& sebe%"r%3". H") '%' !e%(%("% b"&" (!)"& pe%der'" &'97"'ds d'
I%d#%es'" 3"%$ sebe%"r%3" be)(! d'e"&(' se"r" p"s'.
P"d" "") !()" pe%3"' '%' bere!b"%$ d' I%d#%es'", e)#!p# pe%$'d"p pe%3"'
'%' "d")"& #r"%$#r"%$ 3"%$ !e!')'' per')"( ber$"%'$"%' p"s"%$"% d")"! ber&(b(%$"%
ses. Keb"%3""% pe%der'" AIDS "d")"& !ere" 3"%$ !e)"("% per')"( ses 'd" se&",
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3"%$ d")"! &") '%' !e)"%$$"r %#r!"%#r!" 3"%$ ber)"( d")"! !"s3"r"". Ke!(d'"%,
AIDS ($" b"%3" d'der'" #)e& pe!""' %"r#b" 3"%$ !e%$$(%""% "r(! s(%' "re%"
"d"%3" eb'"s""% !e%$$(%""% "r(! s(%' se"r" ber$"%'"%. Ke%3"""% '%' !e%'!b()"%
s'$!" p"d" !"s3"r"" 3"%$ !e%3eb("% b"&" HI67AIDS !(%() seb"$"' "'b"
pe%3'!p"%$"% per')"( ses d"r' %')"', %#r!", d"% "$"!", pe%3"' per$"()"% beb"s, ""(
pe%3"' "(! pere!p("% %""). B"&"% )eb'& p"r"& )"$' "d"%3" s'$!" b"&" HI67AIDS
!er(p""% (("% T(&"% "re%" perb(""%perb(""% !e%3'!p"%$ '(.
Ad"%3" s'$!" d")"! !"s3"r"" '%' !e%'!b()"% !"s")"& ps'#s'") 3"%$ r(!' b"$'
pe%der'" AIDS. Pe%$(')"% pe%der'" d"% d'sr'!'%"s' 'd" "r"%$ !e!b(" pe%der'" AIDS
'd" !e%d"p""% &"&" "s"s'%3". Be$'( )("s%3" !"s")"& s#s'") 3"%$ ber"'"% de%$"%
s'$!" '%', "re%" d'sr'!'%"s' er"d' d' berb"$"' pe)"3"%"% !"s3"r"" b"&"% 'd" "r"%$
d")"! pe)"3"%"% ese&""% se%d'r'.
B. PERMASALAHAN
D"r' (r"'"% d'""s, per!"s")"&"% 3"%$ "d" "d")"& b"$"'!"%" "r" (%( !e%e$"&
pe%3eb"r"%, pe%"%$$()"%$"% d"% !e%'%$""% pe%$e"&("% !"s3"r"" e%"%$ pe%3"'
&'9 "'ds ser" b"$"'!"%" !e%3'"p' sese#r"%$ 3"%$ e)"& er'%-es' &'9 "'ds "$"r 'd" '!b()
s'$!" d"% d'sr'!'%"s' p"d" pe%der'" &'97"'ds s(p"3" 'd" !e%'!b()"% !"s")"&
ps'#s#s'") p"d" pe%der'" erseb(.
;. TU?UAN
1. T(("% U!(!
- Me%'%$""% pe%$e"&("% !"s3"r"" d"% e%"$" !ed's er&"d"p "r" pe%e$"&"%,
pr'%s'p e'", s'$!" d"% d'sr'!'%"s', !"s")"& ps'#s#s'"), d"% (p"3" 3"%$ b's"
d')"("% (%( !e%$(r"%$' beb"% ps'#s#s'") HI67AIDS
2. T(("% K&(s(s
Me!e%(&' ($"s )"p#r"% pr#$r"! d#er '%er%s'p d' P(ses!"s Pe!"r#%
D. MAN@AAT
1. B"$' M"s3"r""
Me%'%$""% pe%$e"&("% d"% es"d"r"% (%( !e%"$" ese&""% de%$"% se%"%'"s"
berper')"( se&", !e%$e"&(' "r" !e%e$"& HI67AIDS
2. B"$' Te%"$" Med's
Me%"d' -"s')'"#r '%-#r!"s' ese&""% d"% !#'9"#r es"d"r"% !"s3"r"" se%"%'"s"
berper')"( se&", er("!" !e!pr"e"% "r" !e%e$"& HI67AIDS
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BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Defenisi
Me%(r( Gree%. ;8 *2004+. HI6 !er'p""% s'%$""% d"r' Human
Immunnedeficiency Virus. D'seb( &(!"% *!"%(s'"+ "re%" 9'r(s '%' &"%3" d"p"
!e%$'%-es' !"%(s'", '!!(%#de-''e%3 "re%" e-e 9'r(s '%' "d")"& !e)e!"&"%
"!"!p("% s'se! eeb")"% (b(& (%( !e)""% se$")" pe%3"' 3"%$ !e%3er"%$ (b(&,
er!"s( $#)#%$"% 9'r(s "re%" s")"& s"( "r"er's'%3" "d")"& 'd" !"!p(
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!e!pr#d(s' d'r' se%d'r', !e)"'%"% !e!"%-"""% se)se) (b(&. Se) d"r"& p('& !"%(s'"
seb"$"' se) 3"%$ ber-(%$s' (%( !e%$e%d")'"% ""( !e%e$"& '%-es' #)e& 9'r(s, b"er',
"!(r, p"r"s' d"% beber"p" e%'s "%er d'ser"%$ #)e& H'9 3"%$ !e%3eb"b"% (r(%%3"
eeb")"% (b(& se&'%$$" !(d"& erser"%$ pe%3"'.
AIDS s'%$""% d"r' Acquired Immuno Defeciency Syndrome. Acquired ber"r'
d'per#)e& "re%" #r"%$ &"%3" !e%der'" b')" er'%-es' HI6 d"r' #r"%$ )"'% 3"%$ s(d"&
er'%-es'. Immun ber"r' s'se! eeb")"% (b(&, Defeciency ber"r' e(r"%$"% 3"%$
!e%3eb"b"% r(s"%3" s'se! eeb")"% (b(& d"% Syndrome ber"r' (!p()"% $e")" ""(
"%d" 3"%$ ser'%$ !(%() bers"!" e"p' !(%$'% d'seb"b"% #)e& s"( pe%3"' ""(
!(%$'% ($" 'd" 3"%$ sebe)(! pe%3eb"b%3" '%-es' HI6 d'e!("%. ?"d' AIDS "d")"&
(!p()"% $e")" "'b" e(r"%$"% ""( e)e!"&"% s3se! eeb")"% (b(& 3"%$ d'seb"b"%
#)e& 9'r(s 3"%$ d'seb( HI6 *G"))"%. ? 2010+.
T!"!# $ %!"!# #e&'!(!n!n #en)!*i%
Per")"%"% '%-es' HI6, (!)"& )'!-#s' T;D=, (!)"& 9'r(s d"% $e")" )'%'s !e)")('
-"se :
!+ @"se '%-es' "( (Acute Retroviral Syndrome)
See)"& HI6 !e%$'%-es' se) "r$e, er"d' pr#ses rep)'"s' 3"%$ !e%$&"s')"% 9'r(s9'r(s
b"r( *9'r'#%+ (!)"& ber("(" 9'r'#%. Be$'( b"%3"%3" 9'r'#% erseb( !e!'(
!(%()%3" s'%dr#! '%-es' "( de%$"% $e")" 3"%$ !'r'p s'%dr#! se!""! -)(.
D'per'r""% b"&" se'"r 50 s"!p"' 40> #r"%$ 3"%$ er'%-es' HI6 !e%$")"!' s'%dr#!
'%-es' "( (ARS) se)"!" s"!p"' / !'%$$( see)"& er'%-es' 9'r(s de%$"% $e")" (!(!
3"'( de!"!, -"r'%$''s, )'!-"de%#p"', !'")$'", !")"'se, %3er' ep")" d'"re de%$"%
pe%(r(%"% ber" b"d"%. HI6 ($" ser'%$ !e%'!b()"% e)"'%"% p"d" s'se! s"r"-. P"d"
-"se "( er"d' pe%(r(%"% )'!-#s' T *;D=+ 3"%$ dr"!"'s 3"%$ e!(d'"% er"d'
e%"'"% )'!-#s' T "re%" !()"' er"d' resp#% '!(%. ?(!)"& )'!-#s' T;D= p"d" -"se '%'
d' ""s 500 se)7!! d"% e!(d'"% ""% !e%$")"!' pe%(r(%"% see)"& / !'%$$( er'%-es'
HI6.
,+ @"se '%-es' )"e%
Pe!be%("% resp#% '!(% spes'-' HI6 d"% erper"%$"p%3" 9'r(s d")"! Se) De%dr''
@#)'()er *SD@+ d'p(s" per!'%"'9(! e)e%"r )'!-e !e%3eb"b"% 9'r'#% d"p"
d'e%d")'"%, $e")" &')"%$ d"% !()"' !e!"s(' -"se )"e% *erse!b(%3'+. P"d" -"se '%'
"r"%$ d'e!("% 9'r'#% d' p)"s!" se&'%$$" (!)"& 9'r'#% d' p)"s!" !e%(r(% "re%"
seb"$'"% bes"r 9'r(s er"(!()"s' d' e)e%"r )'!-e d"% er"d' rep)'"s' d' e)e%"r )'!-e
se&'%$$" pe%(r(%"% )'!-#s' T er(s er"d' ")"(p(% 9'r'#% d' p)"s!" (!)"&%3" sed''.
P"d" -"se '%' (!)"& )'!-#s' T;D= !e%(r(% &'%$$" se'"r 500 s"!p"' 200 se)7!!.
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.+ S"d'(! ee!p" : AIDS
Ke"d""% '%' d'ser"' "d"%3" ber!""!!""! pe%3"' "%"r" pe%3"' s"r"- d"%
pe%3"' '%-es' se(%der. Ge")" )'%'s p"d" s"d'(! AIDS d'b"$' "%"r" )"'% :
1+ Ge")" ("!" ""( !"3#r'
"+ De!"! berep"%"%$"% )eb'& d"r' 1 b()"% b+ D'"re r#%'s )eb'& d"r' 1 b()"% ber()"%$ !"(p(% er(s !e%er(s.
+ Pe%(r(%"% ber" b"d"% )eb'& d"r' 10> d")"! 1 b()"%.
d+ Pe%(r(%"% es"d"r"% d"% $"%$$("% %e#r#)#$'s.
e+ E%sep")#p"' HI6.
2+ Ge")" "!b"&"% ""( !'%#r
"+ B"( r#%'s se)"!" )eb'& d"r' 1 b()"%.
b+ I%-es' p"d" !()( d"% e%$$#r#"% d'seb"b"% "!(r "%d'd" ")b'"%s.
+ I%-es' "!(r ber()"%$ p"d" ")" e)"!'% "%'".
d+ Pe!be%$""% e)e%"r $e"& be%'%$ 3"%$ !e%e"p d'se)(r(& (b(&.
e+ M(%()%3" &erpes #ser ber()"%$ d"% ber"ber" $"") d'se)(r(& (b(&.*N(rs")"!, 2004+
P!%fisi(i
HI6 er!"s( e)#!p# retrovirus, 9'r(s 3"%$ !e!p(%3"' e%'! *pr#e'%+ 3"%$
d"p" !er(b"& RNA, !"er' $e%e'%3", !e%"d' DNA. Ke)#!p# rer#9'r(s "re%"
e)#!p# '%' !e!b")' (r("% %#r!") 3"'( DNA d'(b"& *rep)'"s'+ !e%"d' RNA. See)"&
!e%$'%-es' RNA HI6 ber(b"& !e%"d' DNA #)e& e%'! 3"%$ "d" d")"! 9'r(s HI6 3"%$
d"p" !e%$(b"& RNA 9'r(s !e%"d' (reversetranscriptas) se&'%$$" d"p" d's's'p"% e
d")"! DNA se)se) !"%(s'". DNA '( e!(d'"% d"p" d'$(%""% (%( !e!b(" 9'r(s b"r(
*9'r'#%+, 3"%$ !e%$'%-es' se)se) b"r(, ""( e"p erse!b(%3' d")"! se)se) 3"%$ &'d(p
p"%"%$, ""( e!p" pe%3'!p"%"%, seper' )'!-#s' se)se) ;D= *Se) TPe!b"%(+ 3"%$
's'r"&" seb"$"' "r$e p")'%$ pe%'%$ d")"! pe%3er"%$"% 9'r(s '%'.
Se) ;D= "d")"& s")"& s"( 'pe d"r' se) d"r"& p('& 3"%$ ber"%$$(%$""b (%(
!e%$e%d")'"% ""( !e%e$"& '%-es' #)e& b"%3" 9'r(s 3"%$ )"'%, b"er' "!(r d"% p"r"s'
d"% ($" beber"p" e%'s "%er. Ke!"!p("% HI6 (%( e"p erse!b(%3' d")"! DNA d"r'se)se) !"%(s'" 3"%$ &'d(p )"!", e"p "d" se(!(r &'d(p !e!b(" '%-es' !e%3eb"b"%
er(s""% se)se) ;D= d"% d")"! "( p"%"%$ (!)"& se)se) ;D= !e%(r(% !e%"d'
!"s")"& 3"%$ s()' (%( d'"%$"%' b"&"% de%$"% pe%$#b""% e-e'-. *G"))"%, 2010+.
Ap"b')" s(d"& b"%3" se) T= 3"%$ &"%(r, er"d' $"%$$("% '!(%'"s se)()"r, d"3"
eeb")"% pe%der'" !e%"d' er$"%$$(7"" se&'%$$" (!"% 3"%$ "d'%3" 'd" berb"&"3"
""( d"p" d'&"%(r"% #)e& (b(& se%d'r' *'%-es' #p#r(%'s'+ ""% bere!b"%$ )eb'&
)e)("s" d"% !e%'!b()"% pe%3"' 3"%$ ser'(s 3"%$ p"d" "&'r%3" pe%3"' '%' d"p"
!e%3eb"b"% e!"'"%. Ap"b')" s(d"& !"s( e d")"! d"r"&, HI6 d"p" !er"%$s"%$
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pe!be%("% "%'b#d3 d")"! se'"r / !'%$$( see)"& er'%-es' p"d" per'#de se"
sese#r"%$ e!"s("% HI6 s"!p"' erbe%( "%'b#d3 d'seb( per'#de e%de)" (Windo
Period). Per'#de e%de)" '%' s"%$" per)( d'e"&(' #)e& "re%" sebe)(! "%'b#d3 erbe%( d'
d")"! (b(&, HI6 s(d"& "d" d' d")"! d"r"& pe%der'" d"% e"d""% '%' ($" s(d"& d"p"
!e%()"r"% ep"d" #r"%$ )"'%. *C"3"s"% Pe)'" I)!(, 2012+
;"r" pe!er's""% 3"%$ (!(! d'p""' '")"& de%$"% pe!er's""% d"r"& ser#)#$'
de%$"% "r" ELISA (!n"ym #in$ed Imunosor%ent Assay) d"% "r" pe!er's""% pe%e%(
de%$"% e&%' 8eser% b)#. Per"!" ")' d')"("% es ELISA "p"b')" &"s') %e$"'- ber"r'
'd" er'%-es' HI6 ")"(p(% &"s') '( %e$"'- b')" b"r( s"" er'%-es' be)(! )"!" berse)"%$.
B')" es !e!ber' &"s') p#s''- )"b#r"#r'(! !e)"("% es ed(" de%$"% 8eser% b)# *8B+,
b')" ed(" &"s') es er)'&" p#s''- !"" pe%der'" d'seb( ser#p#s''- ""( HI6 p#s''-. ?'"
pe!er's""% ELISA P#s''- d"% 8B 'd" d"p" !e%e%("% de%$"% p"s' ""( 'd"
sepe%(&%3" %e$"'- %"!(% 'd" p#s''- ($" "d" d(" e!(%$'%"% pe%3eb"b es 'd" d"p"
!e%e%("% de%$"% p"s' 3"'( per"!" e!(%$'%"% b"r( er'%-es' d"% d")"! !"s"
pe%$e!b"%$"% ser#)#$' p#s''- (seroconvertin&) d"% d')"("% es ()"%$"% 'd" )"!"
berse)"%$ ""% !e%"d' sepe%(&%3" p#s''- d")"! "( 1 b()"%. Ked(" !(%$'% %e$"'-
e"p' &"s') es 'd" p"s' de%$"% ")"s"% 3"%$ 'd" ""% per%"& d'e"&(' d"% b')" es e"p
'd" p"s' se)"!" 1 s"!p"' b()"% ber"r' 'd" er'%-es', &"s') p#s''- 4> d")"! "(
b()"% d"% 100> d")"! "( b()"%. *G"))"% ?, 2010+.
0!&! Penu(!&!n
AIDS d'e)#!p#"% d")"! Pe%3"' Me%()"r Ses(") *PMS+ "re%" p")'%$ b"%3"
d'()"r"% !e)")(' &(b(%$"% ses(") *0>+. ;"'r"% (b(& 3"%$ p")'%$ b"%3" !e%$"%d(%$
HI6 "d")"! se!e% *"'r !"%'+ d"% "'r"% 9"$'%"7ser9's ser" d"r"&, "'r"% !"%' 3"%$ e)("r
!e)")(' pe%'s p"d" )"')"' d"% 9"$'%" p"d" pere!p("% seb"$"' per"%"r" 3"%$ p")'%$ '%$$'
!e%()"r"% pe%3"' HI6 "re%" b"$'"% pe%'s d"% 9"$'%" !e!')'' sr((r )"p's"% ep'e)
s("!(#s" 'p's 3"%$ !(d"& d'e!b(s' #)e& (!"% HI6 s"!p"' e d")"! "r'%$"% '"3"%$ "3" pe!b()(& d"r"& d"% d"r"& se&'%$$" pe%()"r"% ("!" HI6 "d")"& !e)")(' ")(r
3"%$ !e)'b""% "'r"% (b(& erseb( 3"'( :
". Tr"%sses(") ""( ")(r &(b(%$"% ses(") *H#!#ses(")7 &eer#ses(")+.
b. Tr"%sr's#%") ""( ")(r pe!'%d"&"% d"r"& ""( pr#d( d"r"& seper' : r"%s-(s' d"r"&,
!e)")(' ")" s(%', ")" (s( "#, '%d', ")" bed"&, d#er $'$', ")" ((r d"% !e)("'
)(" &")(s d' ()', ")(r r"%sp)"%"s' ")" (b(&.
. Tr"%s9er'") ""( ")(r r"%sp)"se%") : "%'% d")"! "%d(%$"% 'b( &"!') de%$" HI6
p#s''- ""% er()"r *I%-es' r"%sp)"se%")+ d"% '%-es' per'%"") !e)")(' ASI ""( 9'r(s
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HI6 d"p" d'e!("% d")"! "'r )'(r, "'r !"" e"p' pe%()"r"% !e)")(' b"&"% '%' be)(!
erb(' ebe%"r"%%3" "re%" (!)"& HI6%3" s"%$" sed''.
HI6 'd" !e%()"r )e" "b" "%$"%, ber'(! p'p', bers'%7b"( de" pe%der'"
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"%p" &(b(%$"% ses("), &e"% seper' %3"!(, (( b(s( d"% ser"%$$" )"'%%3" be)(!
erb(' d"p" !e%()"r"% HI6.
0!&! Men-e!" HIV/AIDS
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3"%$ !"!p( !e!(s%"&"% HI67AIDS !"" )eb'& !(d"& !e)"("% pe%e$"&"%%3".
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Se'" &"%3" p"d" s"( p"s"%$"% ""( !e%$&'%d"r' ber$"%'$"%' p"s"%$"%
0 (se 0#%d#!
G(%""% #%d#! se)")( b')" s(d"& 'd" !"!p( !e%"&"% ses
D Dr($s N#
?"%$"% $(%""% %"r#b"
E ser')'"'#% #- EF('p!e%
Se)")( $(%""% ")" s(%' ser')
b. 6#)(%"r3 ;#%se)'%$ Tes'%$ *6;T+
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"%"r" #%se)#r d"% )'e%%3" de%$"% (("% (%( !e%e$"& pe%()"r"% HI6, !e!ber'"%
d((%$"% !#r"), '%-#r!"s' ser" d((%$"% )"'%%3" ep"d" ODHA, e)("r$" d"%
)'%$(%$"%%3". 6T; !e!p(%3"' (("% seb"$"' :
1. Up"3" pe%e$"&"% HI67AIDS
2. Up"3" (%( !e%$(r"%$' e$e)'s"&"%, !e%'%$""% perseps' ""( pe%$e"&("%
!ere" e%"%$ -"#r-"#r res'# pe%3eb"b sese#r"%$ er'%-es' HI6.. Up"3" !e%$e!b"%$"% per(b"&"% per')"(, se&'%$$" se"r" d'%' !"%$"r"&""%
!ere" !e%(( e pr#$r"! pe)"3"%"% d"% d((%$"% er!"s( "ses er"p'
"%'rer#9'r") *AR6+, ser" !e!b"%( !e%$(r"%$' s'$!" d")"! !"s3"r"".
. U%'9ers") Pre"('#%s *UPI+
U%'9ers") pre"('#%s "d")"& '%d""% pe%$e%d")'"% '%-es' 3"%$ d')"("% #)e&
se)(r(& e%"$" ese&""% (%( !e%$(r"%$' res'# pe%3eb"r"% '%-es' ser" !e%e$"&
pe%()"r"% HI67AIDS b"$' pe($"s ese&""% d"% p"s'e%. UPI per)( d'er"p"% de%$"% (("%
(%( :
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1. Me%$e%d")'"% '%-es' se"r" #%s'se%.
2. M"!"s'"% s"%d"r "de(" b"$' !ere" 3"%$ 'd" d' d'"$%#s's ""( er)'&" seper'
beres'#.
. Me%$(r"%$' res'# b"$' pe($"s ese&""% d"% p"s'e%.
=. As(!s' b"&" res'# ""( '%-es' berb"&"3".
Up"3" per)'%d(%$"% d"p" d')"("% !e)")(' :
1. ;(' "%$"%
2. A)" pe)'%d(%$
. Pe!""'"% "%'sep'
=. De#%"!'%"s', pe!bers'&"% d"% ser')'s"s' ""( d'ser')'s"s' ""( des'%-e"% '%$"
'%$$' (%( per")""% bed"&, s"r(%$ "%$"% d"% be%d" )"'%.
Pen,!%!n
S"!p"' s"" '%', be)(! "d" #b" 3"%$ b's" !e%3e!b(&"% AIDS. Ob" 3"%$ "d"
&"%3" !e!perp"%"%$ &'d(p pe%der'". Ob" A%'rer#9'r") *AR6+ seper'
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. T"%$$(%$ ""b, ber"r' se'"p '%d'9'd(, !"s3"r"" )e!b"$" ""( b"%$s" !e!p(%3"'
"%$$(%$ ""b (%( !e%e$"& pe%3eb"r"% HI67AIDS d"% !e!ber'"% per"""%
p"d" ODHA *Or"%$ De%$"% HI67AIDS+ *N(rs")"!, 2004+.
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S'$!" ""( "p b(r( "d")"& '%d""% !e!9#%'s sese#r"%$ b(r( !#r")7per')"(%3"
se&'%$$" !e%d"p" pe%3"' erseb(. Or"%$#r"%$ 3"%$ d' s'$!" b'"s"%3" d'"%$$"p
!e)"("% (%( ")"s"% ere%( d"% seb"$"' "'b" !ere" d'per!")("%, d'&'%d"r',
d'd'sred'"%, d'#)" d"% d'"&"%. Pe%e)''"% 3"%$ d')"("% #)e& Kr's'%" *2005+ d'
K")'!"%"% Se)""% d"% ;'p# *200+ d' ?e!ber ?"" T'!(r e%"%$ pe%$"r(& pe%d'd'"%
ese&""% er&"d"p pe%$e"&("% d"% s'"p !e%$e%"' s'$!" p"d" #r"%$ de%$"% HI67AIDS
!e%(%("% b"&" 42> #r"%$ 3"%$ berpe%d'd'"% ((p *SMU+ (r"%$ !e%er'!" ODHAd"% &"%3" 5> 3"%$ ((p !e%er'!". @"#r 3"%$ ber&(b(%$"% de%$"% (r"%$ d'er'!"%3"
ODHA "%"r" )"'% "re%" HI67AIDS d'&(b(%$"% de%$"% per')"( pe%3'!p"%$"% seper'
ses ses"!" e%'s, pe%$$(%""% #b" er)"r"%$, ses beb"s, ser" HI6 d'"'b""% #)e&
es")"&"% !#r") se&'%$$" p"( !e%d"p""% &((!"%. *Kr's'%" d"% ;'p# d")"! N(rs")"!,
200/+.
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3"%$ d'seb"b"% perbed""%, !e%$&"'!' #r"%$ berd"s"r"% s"(s HI67AIDS !ere" b"'
3"%$ p"s' !"(p(% 3"%$ d'per'r""% seb"$"' pe%$'d"p. D'sr'!'%"s' '%' ($" d"p" er"d'
d'b'd"%$ ese&""% "%"r" )"'% d")"! er"&"s'""%, ebeb"s"%, pr'b"d', e)"("% e"!,
pe%$&'%""% ""( per)"("% "s"r, peer""% pe%d'd'"% e)("r$" d"% &" epe!')'"%
!"(p(% &" (%( ber(!p(). ODHA !e%$&"d"p' d'sr'!'%"s' d'!"%" s"" d"% d'berb"$"'
%e$"r". Me!b'"r"% d'sr'!'%"s' ""% !er($'"% (p"3" pe%"%$$()"%$"% '%-es' HI67AIDS.
*N(rs")"!, 200/+.
M!s!(!" #si*ssi!(
K"s(s AIDS per"!" ")' d')"p#r"% p"d" "&(% 1/1 d' ;")'-#r%'", sed"%$"%
pe%3eb"b AIDS b"r( d'e!("% p"d" "&'r 1/= #)e& R#ber G"))# d"% L( M#%"$%er.
L"p#r"% "s(s AIDS p"d" "&(% 1/1 !e%(%("% '%$$'%3" "%$" e!"'"% p"d" p"s'e%
3"%$ ber(s'" !"s'& !(d". A'b"%3" '!b() e"("% p"d" !"s3"r"" er&"d"p pe%3"'
'%'. S"!p"' se"r"%$ d' !"s3"r"" !"s'& erd"p" !'#s b"&" pe%3"' AIDS !er(p""%
pe%3"' -"") 3"%$ " d"p" d'se!b(&"%. Se)"'% '( AIDS ($" d'&(b(%$"% de%$"%
per')"( ere%( seper' &(b(%$"% ses beb"s, &(b(%$"% ses ses"!" e%'s d"% seb"$"'%3".
Od&" de%$"% de!''"% d'"%$$"p !er(p""% #r"%$ 3"%$ !e)"("% per')"( 3"%$
!e%3'!p"%$ d"r' %#r!" 3"%$ d'"%(. A'b"%3" Od&" ser'%$ d'(')"% d"% 'd" !e%d"p"
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per#)#%$"% 3"%$ se""r%3". De%$"% !e%'%$"%3" pe!"&"!"% !"s3"r"" er&"d"p AIDS
!"" d'&"r"p"% s'$!" !e%$e%"' AIDS ""% ber(r"%$ d"% beb"% ps'#s#s'") Od&" ($"
""% !e%"d' )eb'& r'%$"%.
Ke'" se#r"%$ d'ber'"&( b"&" d'" er'%-es' HI6 !"" resp#%s%3" ber"$"!. P"d"
(!(!%3" d'" ""% !e%$")"!' )'!" "&"p 3"%$ d'$"!b"r"% #)e& K(b)er R#ss 3"'( !"s"
pe%#)""%, !"r"&, ""r !e%""r, depres' d"% pe%er'!""%. Sed"%$"% N(r&'d"3"
!e)"p#r"% b"&" d"r' 100 #r"%$ 3"%$ d'e"&(' HI6 p#s''- d' ?""r" =2> berd'"! d'r',
5 !"r"&, berer'" p"d" #r"%$ )"'%, !e%"$'s, !e%$"!( d"% b"%3" ber'b"d"&.. Resp#%s
per!()""% '%' b"'s"%3" ""% d')"%("% de%$"% resp#%s )"'% s"!p"' p"d" "&'r%3" d"p"
!e%er'!". Pe%er'!""% sese#r"%$ e%"%$ e"d""% d'r'%3" 3"%$ er'%-es' HI6 be)(! e%(
($" ""% d'er'!" d"% d'd((%$ #)e& )'%$(%$"%%3". B"&"% se#r"%$ "'9's AIDS
ere!(" d' I%d#%es'" S("%%" M(r%' !e%$(%$"p"% b"&" beb"% ps'#s#s'") 3"%$
d'")"!' se#r"%$ Od&" "d"")"%3" )eb'& ber" d"r'p"d" beb"% pe%der'" -'s'. Berb"$"' be%(
beb"% 3"%$ d'")"!' erseb( d'"%"%3" "d")"& d'(')"% e)("r$", d'ber&e%'"% d"r'
peer""%, 'd" !e%d"p" )"3"%"% !ed's 3"%$ d'b((&"%, 'd" !e%d"p" $"%' r($'
"s(r"%s' s"!p"' !e%"d' b"&"% pe!ber'""% d' !ed'" !"ss". Beb"% 3"%$ d'der'" Od&" b"'
"re%" $e")" pe%3"' 3"%$ bers'-" #r$"%' !"(p(% beb"% ps'#s#s'") d"p" !e%'!b()"%
r"s" e!"s. Depres' ber" b"&"% s"!p"' e'%$'%"% b(%(& d'r'.
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U%( !e$(r"%$' beb"% ps'#s#s'") Od&" !"" pe!"&"!"% 3"%$ be%"r !e%$e%"'
AIDS per)( d'seb"r )("s"%. K#%sep b"&" d")"! er" #b" "%'rer#9'r") AIDS s(d"&
!e%"d' pe%3"' r#%' 3"%$ d"p" d'e%d")'"% ($" per)( d'!"s3"r"""%. K#%sep
erseb( !e!ber' &"r"p"% ep"d" !"s3"r"" d"% Od&" b"&" Od&" e"p d"p" !e%'!"'
(")'"s &'d(p 3"%$ b"' d"% ber-(%$s' d' !"s3"r"".
Up"3" (%( !e%$(r"%$' s'$!" d' !"s3"r"" d"p" d')"("% de%$"% "d9#"s' d"% pe%d"!p'%$, #%#& %3"" ##& !"s3"r"" 3"%$ !e%er'!" Od&" de%$"% ""r seper'
bers")"!"%, d(d( bers"!" d"% seb"$'"%3" d"p" !er(p""% p"%("% b"$' !"s3"r"".
U%( !e%$(r"%$' beb"% ps''s #r"%$ 3"%$ er'%-es' HI6 !"" d')"("% #%se)'%$
sebe)(! es. Tes HI6 d')"("% se"r" s("re)" see)"& !e%d"p" #%se)'%$. P"d" #%se)'%$
HI6 d'b"&"s !e%$e%"' r's'# pe%()"r"% HI6, "r" es, '%erper"s' es, per")"%"% pe%3"'
HI6 ser" d((%$"% 3"%$ d"p" d'per#)e& Od&". Pe%3"!p"'"% &"s') es b"' &"s') %e$"'-
!"(p(% p#s''- ($" d's"!p"'"% d")"! ses' #%se)'%$. De%$"% de!''"% #r"%$ 3"%$ ""%
!e%")"%' es'%$ e)"& d'pers'"p"% (%( !e%er'!" &"s') "p""& &"s') erseb( p#s''- ""(
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%e$"'-. K#%se)'%$ p"s" es b"' "d" &"s') p#s''- !"(p(% %e$"'- e"p pe%'%$. P"d" &"s')
p#s''- #%se)'%$ d"p" d'$(%""% seb"$"' ses' (%( !e%er'!" (%$"p"% per"s""% #r"%$
3"%$ b"r( !e%er'!" &"s'), re%"%" 3"%$ ""% d')"("%%3" ser" d((%$"% 3"%$ d"p"
d'per#)e&%3". Seb")'%3" pe%3"!p"'"% &"s') %e$"'- e"p d')"("% d")"! ses' #%se)'%$
"$"r per')"( ber's's# d"p" d'&'%d"r' se&'%$$" &"s') %e$"'- d"p" d'per"&"%"%.
Ps'#-"r!"" :
Ter"p' ps'#-"r!"" (%( $"%$$("% e!"s, depres' ser" '%s#!%'" d"p" d'ber'"% %"!(%
pe%$$(%""% #b" '%' per)( !e!per&"'"% '%er"s' de%$"% #b"#b" )"'% 3"%$ b"%3"
d'$(%""% p"d" Od&".
Pen)u(u"!n
Pe%3()(&"% "d")"& pr#ses pe%3eb"r)("s"% '%-#r!"s' e%"%$ ')!( pe%$e"&("%,
e%#)#$' !"(p(% se%'. Leb'& )e%$"p%3" pe%3()(&"% d"p" d'"r'"% seb"$"' pr#ses "'-
3"%$ !e!er)("% '%er"s' "%"r" pe%3()(& d"% 3"%$ d's()(& "$"r erb"%$(% pr#ses
per(b"&"% per')"( *Be&"9'#(r+ 3"%$ !er(p""% per((d"% d"r' Pe%$e"&("%, S'"p d"%
Keer"!p')"% sese#r"%$ 3"%$ d"p" d'"!"' #)e& #r"%$7 p'&" )"'%, b"' se"r" )"%$s(%$ ""(
'd" )"%$s(%$. Sed"%$"% !e%(r( Depes *2002+, pe%3()(&"% ese&""% "d")"&
pe%"!b"&"% pe%$e"&("% d"% e!"!p("% sese#r"%$ !e)")(' e&%' pr"e be)""r ""(
'%sr(s' de%$"% (("% !e%$(b"& ""( !e!pe%$"r(&' per')"( !"%(s'" se"r" '%d'9'd(,
e)#!p# !"(p(% !"s3"r"" (%( d"p" )eb'& !"%d'r' d")"! !e%"p"' (("% &'d(p se&".
Se'r'%$ de%$"% eb'""% ##%#!' d"er"& !e)")(' pe%"%"%$"% p"r"d'$!" se&",
e$'""% pe%3()(&"% ese&""% !"s3"r"" *PKM+ 3"%$ e)"& ber"&(%"&(% d')"("%
Dep"re!e% Kese&""% seb"$"' be%( e$'""% Pe%d'd'"% Kese&""%, d'$"%' de%$"% 's')"&
Pr#!#s' Kese&""%. Seb"$"'!"%" er"%(! d")"! Kep((s"% Me%er' Kese&""% N#!#r
111=7Me%es7SK76II72005 e%"%$ Ped#!"% Pe)"s"%""% Pr#!#s' Kese&""% D"er"&,
pr#!#s' ese&""% "d")"& (p"3" (%( !e%'%$""% e!"!p("% !"s3"r"" !e)")('
pe!be)""r"% d"r', #)e&, (%(, d"% bers"!" !"s3"r"", "$"r !ere" d"p" !e%#)#%$ d'r'
se%d'r', ser" !e%$e!b"%$"% e$'""% 3"%$ bers(!ber d"3" !"s3"r"", ses("' de%$"%
#%d's' s#s'") b(d"3" see!p" d"% d'd((%$ eb'""% p(b)' 3"%$ ber""s"% ese&""%.
D"r' pe%$")"!"% ber"&(%"&(% pe)"s"%""% pr#!#s' ""( pe%3()(&"% ese&""%
!"s3"r"" !e%$")"!' berb"$"' &"!b""% d")"! r"%$" !e%"p"' (("%%3", 3"'(
!e((d"% per')"( &'d(p se&" b"$' !"s3"r"". D"r' berb"$"' "spe er"' d")"!
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Pr#!#s' Kese&""% 3"%$ per)( !e%d"p""% per&"'"% se"r" ses"!" "d")"& e%"%$ !e#de
d"% ")" per"$" 3"%$ d'$(%""% d")"! pr#!#s' ese&""%.
De%$"% !e#de 3"%$ be%"r d"% pe%$$(%""% ")" per"$" 3"%$ ep" s"s"r"%, !""
!"er' ""( b"&"% 's' 3"%$ per)( d'#!(%'"s'"% d")"! pr#!#s' ese&""% ""% !(d"&
d'er'!", d'er%" d"% d'ser"p #)e& s"s"r"%, d'"p"' d"% I%der" pe%er'!" d"r' s"s"r"% pr#!#s'.
Me#de Pr#!#s' Kese&""% d"p" d'$#)#%$"% berd"s"r"% Te%' K#!(%'"s',
S"s"r"% 3"%$ d'"p"' d"% I%der" pe%er'!" d"r' s"s"r"% pr#!#s'.
1. Berd"s"r"% Te%' K#!(%'"s'
". Me#de pe%3()(&"% )"%$s(%$
D")"! &") '%' p"r" pe%3()(& )"%$s(%$ ber&"d"p"% ""( ber""p !(" de%$"%
s"s"r"%. Ter!"s( d' s'%' "%"r" )"'%: (%(%$"% r(!"&, pere!("% d's(s' *@GD+,
pere!("% d' b")"' des", pere!("% d' P#s3"%d(, d)).
b. Me#de 3"%$ 'd" )"%$s(%$
D")"! &") '%' p"r" pe%3()(& 'd" )"%$s(%$ ber&"d"p"% se"r" ""p !("
de%$"% s"s"r"%, e"p' '" !e%3"!p"'"% pes"%%3" de%$"% per"%"r" *!ed'"+.
U!p"!"%3" p(b)'"s' d")"! be%( !ed'" e", !e)")(' per(%("% -')!, dsb.
2. Berd"s"r"% ?(!)"& S"s"r"% C"%$ D'"p"'
". Pe%de""% Per#r"%$"%
D")"! &") '%' p"r" pe%3()(& ber&(b(%$"% se"r" )"%$s(%$ !"(p(% 'd"
)"%$s(%$ de%$"% s"s"r"% se"r" per#r"%$"%, "%"r" )"'% : (%(%$"% r(!"&,
&(b(%$"% e)ep#%, d"% )"'%)"'%
b. Pe%de""% Ke)#!p#
D")"! pe%de""% '%' pe($"s pr#!#s' ber&(b(%$"% de%$"% se#)#!p#
s"s"r"%. Beber"p" !e#de pe%3()(&"% 3"%$ !"s( d")"! ee$#r' '%' "%"r" )"'%:
Pere!("%, De!#sr"s', D's(s' e)#!p#, Pere!("% @GD, d"% )"'%)"'%.
. Pe%de""% M"s")
Pe($"s Pr#!#s' Kese&""% !e%3"!p"'"% pes"%%3" se"r" se")'$(s ep"d"
s"s"r"% 3"%$ (!)"&%3" b"%3". Beber"p" !e#de 3"%$ !"s( d")"! $#)#%$"% '%'
"d")"&: Pere!("% (!(!, per(%("% ese%'"%, Pe%3eb"r"% ()'s"%7p#ser7!ed'"
e" )"'%%3", Pe!("r"% -')!, d)).
. Berd"s"r"% I%der" Pe%er'!"
". Me#de Me)'&"7!e!per&"'"%.
D")"! &") '%' pes"% d'er'!" s"s"r"% !e)")(' '%der" pe%$)'&""%, seper' :
Pe%e!pe)"% P#ser, Pe!"s"%$"% G"!b"r7P#, Pe!"s"%$"% K#r"% d'%d'%$,
Pe!("r"% @')!.
b. Me#de Pe%de%$"r"%.
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D")"! &") '%' pes"% d'er'!" #)e& s"s"r"% !e)")(' '%der" pe%de%$"r,
(!p"!"%3" : Pe%3()(&"% )e" r"d'#, P'd"#, ;er"!"&, d)).
. Me#de K#!b'%"s'.
D")"! &") '%' er!"s( : De!#%sr"s' "r" *d')'&", d'de%$"r, d''(!, d'r"b"
d"% d'#b"+.
8')b(r S&r"!! !e%er!"' pe!"%-"""% !ed'" seb"$"' s("( e%' (%(
!e%3"!p"'"% pes"%, d' !"%" '" !e%de-'%'s'"% !ed'" seb"$"' e%#)#$' pe!b""
'%-#r!"s'7pes"% '%sr(s'#%"). C(s(- &"d' M'"rs# !e!"%d"%$ !ed'" se"r" )("s7!"r#
d")"! s'se! pe%d'd'"% se&'%$$" !e%de-'%'s'"% !ed'" "d")"& se$")" ses("( 3"%$ d"p"
!er"%$s"%$ er"d'%3" pr#ses be)""r p"d" d'r' peser" d'd'.
R"&"rd# *11+ !e%3"""% b"&" !ed'" d")"! "r' 3"%$ erb""s 3"'( seb"$"' ")"
b"%( pe!be)""r"%. Se&'%$$" !ed'" pe%3()(&"% !e!')'' beber"p" pe%$er'"%, seb"$"'
ber'(:
− Med'" Pe%3()(&"% "d")"& se!(" s"r"%" d"% ")" 3"%$ d'$(%""% d")"! pr#ses
pe%3"!p"'"% pes"%.
− Med'" Pe%3()(&"% "d")"& "&"%" (%( !e%3")(r"% pes"% d"r' pe%$'r'! e
pe%er'!" 3"%$ d"p" !er"%$s"%$ p''r"%, per"s""% d"% per&"'"%7!'%".
− Med'" pe%3()(&"% "d")"& se!(" s"r"%" ""( (p"3" (%( !e%"!p')"% pes"%
'%-#r!"s' 3"%$ '%$'% d's"!p"'"% #)e& #!(%'"#r se&'%$$" s"s"r"% d"p"
!e%'%$" pe%$e"&("%%3" 3"%$ "&'r%3" d'&"r"p"% d"p" ber(b"& per')"(%3"
e"r"& p#s''- er&"d"p ese&""%.
Pe%3()(&"% ese&""% " d"p" )ep"s d"r' !ed'" "re%" !e)")(' !ed'", pes"% 3"%$
d's"!p"'"% d"p" )eb'& !e%"r' d"% d'p"&"!', se&'%$$" s"s"r"% d"p" !e!pe)""r' pes"%
erseb( se&'%$$" s"!p"' !e!((s"% (%( !e%$"d#ps'%3" eper')"( 3"%$ p#s''-.
T(("% ""( ")"s"% !e%$"p" !ed'" s"%$" d'per)("% d' d")"! pe)"s"%""%
pe%3()(&"% ese&""% "%"r" )"'% "d")"&:
". Med'" d"p" !e!per!(d"& pe%3"!p"'"% '%-#r!"s'.
b. Med'" d"p" !e%$&'%d"r' es")"&"% perseps'.
. Med'" d"p" !e!pere)"s '%-#r!"s'.
d. Med'" d"p" !e!per!(d"& pe%$er'"%.
e. Med'" d"p" !e%$(r"%$' #!(%'"s' 9erb")'s'.
-. Med'" d"p" !e%"!p')"% #be 3"%$ 'd" d"p" d'"%$"p de%$"% !"".
$. Med'" d"p" !e!per)"%"r #!(%'"s'
Med'" pe%3()(&"% ese&""% 3"%$ b"' "d")"& !ed'" 3"%$ !"!p( !e!ber'"%
'%-#r!"s' ""( pes"%pes"% ese&""% 3"%$ ses("' de%$"% '%$" pe%er'!""% s"s"r"%,
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Terd"p" )'!" !#de) )"s'-'"s', 3"'( !e%(r(: *1+ 8')b(r S&r"!!, *2+ G"$%e, *+ A))e%,
*=+ Ger)"& d"% E)3, d"% *5+Ibr"&'!.
Menurut Schramm, !ed'" d'$#)#%$"% !e%"d' !ed'" r(!', !"&"), d"% !ed'"
seder&"%". S&r"!! ($" !e%$e)#!p#"% !ed'" !e%(r( e!"!p("% d"3" )'p("%, 3"'(
*1+ )'p("% )("s d"% sere%" seper' T6, r"d'#, d"% -"s'!')e *2+ )'p("% erb""s p"d"
r("%$"%, seper' -')!, 9'de#, s)'de, p#ser "(d'# "pe *+ !ed'" (%( be)""r '%d'9'd("),
seper' b((, !#d(), pr#$r"! be)""r de%$"% #!p(er d"! e)ep#%.
Menurut Gagne, !ed'" d')"s'-'"s' !e%"d' ((& e)#!p#, 3"'( : be%d" (%( d'
de!#%sr"s'"%, #!(%'"s' )'s"%, !ed'" e", $"!b"r d'"!, $"!b"r ber$er", -')!
bers("r", d"% !es'% be)""r. Ke((& e)#!p# !ed'" pe!be)""r"% erseb( d'"'"%
de%$"% e!"!p("%%3" !e!e%(&' -(%$s' !e%(r( &'r"r' be)""r 3"%$ d'e!b"%$"%, 3"'(
pe)#%"r s'!()(s be)""r, pe%"r' !'%" be)""r, #%#& pr')"( be)""r, !e!ber' #%d's'
eser%"), !e%(%(% "r" berp''r, !e!"s("% ")'& ')!(, !e%')"' pres"s', d"% pe!ber'
(!p"% b")'.
Menurut Allen, erd"p" se!b')"% e)#!p# !ed'", 3"'(: 9's(") d'"!, -')!, e)e9's',
#b3e '$" d'!e%s', re"!"%, pe)""r"% erpr#$r"!, de!#%sr"s', b(( es e", d"% s"'"%
)'s"%. D' s"!p'%$ !e%$)"s'-'"s'"%, A))e% ($" !e%$"'"% "%"r" e%'s !ed'"
pe!be)""r"% d"% (("% pe!be)""r"% 3"%$ ""% d'"p"'. A))e% !e)'&" b"&", !ed'"
ere%( !e!')'' e)eb'&"% (%( (("% be)""r ere%( e"p' )e!"& (%( (("% be)""r
3"%$ )"'%. A))e% !e%$(%$"p"% e%"! (("% be)""r, "%"r" )"'%: '%-# -"("), pe%$e%")"%
9's("), pr'%s'p d"% #%sep, pr#sed(r, eer"!p')"%, d"% s'"p. Se'"p e%'s !ed'" erseb(
!e!')'' perbed""% e!"!p("% (%( !e%"p"' (("% be)""r "d" '%$$', sed"%$, d"%
re%d"&.
Menurut Gerlach dan Ely, !ed'" d'e)#!p#"% berd"s"r"% 'r''r' -'s'%3" ""s
de)"p"% e)#!p#, 3"'( be%d" sebe%"r%3", prese%"s' 9erb"), prese%"s' $r"-'s, $"!b"r d'"!,
$"!b"r ber$er", re"!"% s("r", pe%$""r"% erpr#$r"!, d"% s'!()"s'.
Menurut Ibrahim, !ed'" d'e)#!p#"% berd"s"r"% ((r"% ser" #!p)es
'd"%3" ")" d"% per)e%$"p"%%3" ""s )'!" e)#!p#, 3"'( !ed'" "%p" pr#3es' d("
d'!e%s' !ed'" "%p" pr#3es' '$" d'!e%s' !ed'" "(d'# !ed'" pr#3es' e)e9's', 9'de#,
#!p(er. Berd"s"r"% pe!"&"!"% ""s )"s'-'"s' !ed'" pe!be)""r"% erseb(, ""%
!e!per!(d"& p"r" $(r( ""( pr"'s' )"'%%3" d")"! !e)"("% pe!')'&"% !ed'" 3"%$ ep"
p"d" "( !ere%"%""% pe!be)""r"% (%( !e%"p"' (("% ere%(. Pe!')'&"% !ed'"
3"%$ d'ses("'"% de%$"% (("%, !"er', ser" e!"!p("% d"% "r"er's' pebe)""r, ""%
s"%$" !e%(%"%$ e-'s'e%s' d"% e-e'9'"s pr#ses d"% &"s') pe!be)""r"%.
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Berd"s"r"% fungsinya seb"$"' pe%3")(r"% pes"% ese&""%, !ed'" pe%3()(&"% d'b"$'
!e%"d' 3"%':
". Med'" e"
Med'" '%' !e%$("!""% pes"%pes"% 9's("), b'"s"%3" erd'r' d"r' $"!b"r"% se(!)"&
"", $"!b"r ""( -## d")"! "" "r%". C"%$ er!"s( d")"! !ed'" '%' "d")"&
%oo$let' leaflet' flyer *se)eb"r"%+, flip cart *)e!b"r b")'+, ru%ric ""( ()'s"% p"d" s(r"
"b"r ""( !"")"&, p#ser, -## 3"%$ !e%$(%$"p"% '%-#r!"s' ese&""%. Ad"
beber"p" e)eb'&"% !ed'" e" "%"r" )"'% "&"% )"!", !e%"(p b"%3" #r"%$, b'"3"
re%d"&, d"p" d'b"" e!"%"!"%", 'd" per)( )'sr', !e!per!(d"& pe!"&"!"% d"%
d"p" !e%'%$""% $"'r"& be)""r. Med'" e" !e!')'' e)e!"&"% 3"'( 'd" d"p"
!e%s'!()'r e-e $er" d"% e-e s("r" d"% !(d"& er)'p".
b. Med'" e)er#%'
Med'" '%' !er(p""% !ed'" 3"%$ ber$er" d"% d'%"!'s, d"p" d')'&" d"% d'de%$"r d"%
pe%3"!p"'"%%3" !e)")(' ")" b"%( e)er#%'". C"%$ er!"s( d")"! !ed'" '%' "d")"&
e)e9's' ' r"d'# ' video film' cassette' ;D, 6;D. Seper' &")%3" !ed'" e", !ed'"
e)er#%' '%' !e!')'' e)eb'&"% "%"r" )"'% )eb'& !(d"& d'p"&"!', )eb'& !e%"r',
s(d"& d'e%") !"s3"r"", ber""p !(", !e%$'( ser""% se)(r(& p"%" '%der",
pe%3"'"%%3" d"p" d'e%d")'"% d"% d'()"%$()"%$ ser" "%$"("%%3" )eb'& bes"r.
Ke)e!"&"% d"r' !ed'" '%' "d")"& b'"3"%3" )eb'& '%$$',sed'' r(!', per)( )'sr' d"%
")" "%$$'& (%( pr#d(s'%3", per)( pers'"p"% !""%$, per")""% se)")( bere!b"%$
d"% ber(b"&, per)( eer"!p')"% pe%3'!p"%"% d"% eer"!p')"% (%(
!e%$#per"s'"%%3".
. Med'" )("r r("%$
Med'" !e%3"!p"'"% pes"%%3" d' )("r r("%$, b's" !e)")(' !ed'" e" !"(p(%
e)er#%' !'s")%3" p"p"% re)"!e, sp"%d(, p"!er"%, %anner d"% e)e9's' )"3"r )eb"r.
Ke)eb'&"% d"r' !ed'" '%' "d")"& )eb'& !(d"& d'p"&"!', )eb'& !e%"r', seb"$"'
'%-#r!"s' (!(! d"% &'b(r"%, ber""p !(", !e%$'( ser""% se)(r(& p"%" '%der",
pe%3"'"% d"p" d'e%d")'"% d"% "%$"("%%3" re)"'- bes"r. Ke)e!"&"% d"r' !ed'" '%'
"d")"& b'"3" )eb'& '%$$', sed'' r(!', per)( ")" "%$$'& (%( pr#d(s'%3", pers'"p"%
!""%$, per")""% se)")( bere!b"%$ d"% ber(b"&, !e!er)("% eer"!p')"%
pe%3'!p"%"% d"% eer"!p')"% (%( !e%$#per"s'"%%3".
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HI6 S"" d'ber'"% pe%3()(&"% "r$" s"%$" "%(s'"s, &") erseb( er)'&" d"r' b"%3"%3"
per"%3""% s"" pe%3()(&"%. E9")("s' ($" d')"("% de%$"% !e%"%3""% e!b")' &")&")
3"%$ per)( d''%$""% !e%$e%"' !"er' 3"%$ e)"& d' ber'"%. peser" d' "%3" e!b")'
de%$"% per"%3""%per"%3""% e%"%$ !"er' 3"%$ d's"!p"'"%, peser" de%$"% b"' d"%
)"%"r d"p" !e%""b per"%3""%.
;. E6ALUASI
P"d" pe%3()(&"% '%' !e#de 3"%$ d'p')'& "d")"& !e#de #!(%'"s' se"r" )"%$s(%$, !e)")('
pe%de""% per e)#!p#, !ed'" 3"%$ d'p')'& ber(p" !ed'" e" 3"'( ber(p" )e-)e".
Ke)eb'&"% d"r' !ed'" '%' "d")"& "&"% )"!", !e"(p b"%3" #r"%$, b'"3" re%d"&, !(d"&
(%( d' b"" e!"%" !"%", 'd" per)( )'sr', d"% d"p" !e!per!(d"& pe!"&"!"%.
N"!(%, !ed'" e" '%' !e!')'' e)e!"&"% 3"'( 'd" d"p" !e%s'!()'r e-e $er" d"%
e-e s("r" d"% !(d"& er)'p".
E9")("s' d')"("% se"r" )"%$s(%$ de%$"% !e)'&" "%(s'"s!e peser" !e%$e%"' !"er' 3"%$
e)"& d's"!p"'"%. H") '%' d'(%("% de%$"% ((p b"%3" "%$$"p"% s"" d')""%""%%3"
pe%3()(&"%. D"r' "%$$"p"%"%$$"p"% 3"%$ !(%() d"p" d'e"&(' b"&" se"r" $"r's
bes"r p"r" peser" pe%3()(&"% s(d"& !e!"&"!' e%"%$ pe%3"' HI67AIDS b"' d"r'
pe%3eb"b%3", "r" pe%()"r"%%3" &'%$$" b"$"'!"%" "r" !e%e$"& pe%3"' erseb(. N"!(%
p"r" peser" !"s'& 'd" !e%$e"&(' b"$"'!"%" "%d" d"% $e")" "") '" ses#r"%$ s(d"&
er'%-es' pe%3"' erseb( "re%" p"d" pe%der'" 3"%$ e)"& er'%-es' HI6 ""% '!b()
$e")" pe%3"'%3" see)"& se'"% "&(% d"r' se" !()"' er'%-es'. Se)"'% '( per)(
d'e"%"% e!b")' b"$"'!"%" "r" pe%()"r"%%3" b"&" HI6 'd" !e%()"r )e" "b"
"%$"%, ber'(! p'p', bers'%7b"( de" pe%der'" AIDS, bere%"%$ bers"!" d")"! s"(
#)"! re%"%$, ""( &'d(p ser(!"& de%$"% pe%$'d"p HI6 "%p" &(b(%$"% ses("). Se&'%$$"
""% !er(b"& p#)" p''r d"% !e%$"" p"r" peser" "$"r 'd" !e%d'sr'!'%"s' ser"
!er(b"& s'$!" %e$"'- er&"d"p pe%der'" AIDS. H") erseb( ber(("% "$"r pe%der'" AIDS
'd" p((s se!"%$" d")"! !e%")"%' e&'d(p"% se&"r'&"r', d"% 'd" !e%"d' beb"%
ps'#s#s'") b"$' pe%der'". Per)( d'e"%"% ($" b"$' p"r" peser" b"&" 3"%$ d' "(&'
"d")"& 9'r(s %3", b("% #r"%$ 3"%$ e)"& er'%-es'.
Se)"'% '(, e9")("s' ($" d')"("% de%$"% "r" !e%')"' &"s') d"r' pre es 3"%$ d')"("% s""
sebe)(! d')"("% %3" pe%3()(&"% d"% p#s e e'" see)"& se)"s"' d')"("%%3"
pe%3()(&"%. Se&'%$$" d"p" d'e"&(' se"(& !"%" !"er' pe%3()(&"% d"p" ers"!p"'"%
ep"d" p"r" peser" pe%3()(&"%.
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D"r' &"s') Pre7p#s es
d'd"p""% pe%'%$""% p#'% r""r"", d'!"%" d' d"p" r""r"" prees sebes"r ,4
!e%'%$" !e%"d' =,/ d"r' p#'% !"s'!") 5. H") erseb( !e%(%("% b"&" se"r"
ese)(r(&"% !"er' pe%3()(&"% d"p" ers"!p"'"% ep"d" p"r" peser" pe%3()(&"%.
De%$"% "d"%3" pe%3()(&"% '%' d'&"r"p"% p"r" peser" b's" !e%$er' d"% d"p"
!e%er"p"%%3" d' e&'d(p"% se&"r'&"r' ser" d"p" !e%3"!p"'"%%3" ""( berb"$' er&"d"p
"r$" )"'%%3" (%( bers"!"s"!" !e%"(&' pe%3"' HI67AIDS b("% !e%"(&'
pe%der'"%3".
BAB IV
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
21
N"!" Pre es P#s es
1
2
=5
4
/
10
11
12
1
1=
151
14
1/
1
20
21
22
2
N3. T
N3. C
N3. SA
N3. K N3. N
N3. SU
N3. IS
N3. NH
N3. UM
N3. DS
N3. I
N3. S
N3. A
N3. R
N3. RS N3. ?
N3. ES
N3. TK
N3. G
N3. NG
N3. M
N3. N
N3. L
=
=
=5
=
=
=
=
5
=
=
5
=
=
=
5
5
5
55
=
5
=
5
5
5
5
5
5
55
5
5
5
5
=
=
5
P#'% r""r"" ,4 =,/
P#'% !"s'!") 5 5P#'% !'%'!")
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A. KESIMPULAN
HI6 !er(p""% s'%$""% d"r' Human Immunnedeficiency Virus. D'seb( &(!"%
*!"%(s'"+ "re%" 9'r(s '%' &"%3" d"p" !e%$'%-es' !"%(s'", '!!(%#de-''e%3 "re%" e-e
9'r(s '%' "d")"& !e)e!"&"% "!"!p("% s'se! eeb")"% (b(&.Per")"%"% '%-es' HI6, (!)"& )'!-#s' T;D=, (!)"& 9'r(s d"% $e")" )'%'s !e)")('
-"se : -"se '%-e' "(, -"se '%-es' )"e%, -"se '%-es' r#%'s.
HI67AIDS !er(p""% !#de) pe%3"' 3"%$ !e!er)("% d((%$"% (%( !e%$""s'
!"s")"& -'s', ps''s d"% s#s'"). G"%$$("% -'s' 3"%$ ber" d"p" !e%'!b()"% beb"% ps''s
d"% s#s'") %"!(% s'$!" !"s3"r"" ""% !e!perber" beb"% ps'#s#s'") pe%der'". D")"!
pe%"")"s"%""% HI67AIDS se)"'% pe%"%$"%"% "spe -'s' !"" "spe ps'#s#s'") per)(
d'per&"'"% de%$"% ses"!".
Ad"%3" s'$!" d")"! !"s3"r"" '%' !e%'!b()"% !"s")"& ps'#s'") 3"%$ r(!' b"$' pe%der'" AIDS. Pe%$(')"% pe%der'" d"% d'sr'!'%"s' 'd" "r"%$ !e!b(" pe%der'" AIDS
'd" !e%d"p""% &"&" "s"s'%3". Be$'( )("s%3" !"s")"& s#s'") 3"%$ ber"'"% de%$"%
s'$!" '%', "re%" d'sr'!'%"s' er"d' d' berb"$"' pe)"3"%"% !"s3"r"" b"&"% 'd" "r"%$
d")"! pe)"3"%"% ese&""% se%d'r'
B. SARAN
1. B"$' M"s3"r""
T(("% pe%3()(&"% "d")"& (%( !e%'%$""% es"d"r"% !"s3"r"", se&'%$$" !"%-""
)"%$s(%$ ""% d'"p"' "p"b')" !"s3"r"" er$er" (%( bers"!"s"!" !e%e$"&
pe%3"' HI67AIDS d"% 'd" !e%d'sr'!'%"s' pe%der'" HI67AIDS.
2. B"$' Te%"$" Med's
Pe%3()(&"% "$"r d"p" d')"("% d' beber"p" -"s')'"s e$'""% !"s3"r"" )"'%%3" "$"r
se!"'% b"%3" !"s3"r"" 3"%$ !e%d"p""% '%-#r!"s'. A$"r d')"("%
beres'%"!b(%$"% de%$"% e$'""% pe%3()(&"% ese&""% )"'%%3". Ad"p(% ")" per"$"
d"p" d'!"s'!")"% de%$"% '%#9"s' 3"%$ )eb'& b"' !'s")%3" !e%$$(%""% pr#3e#r
""( per"$" "!b"&"% )"'%%3".
DA1TAR PUSTAKA
1. D#erb"%
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. @"(' AS, L"%e H;. H(!"% I!!(%#de-''e%3 6'r(s D'se"se: AIDS "%d re)"ed d's#rders.
I%: K"sper DL, @"(' AS, L#%$# DL, Br"(%")d E, H"(se SL, ?"!es#% ?L. ed'#rs.
Harrison+s Principles of Internal ,edicine. 14& ed. T&e U%'ed S"es #- A!er'": MGr"
H'))
-. Ke)#!p# S(d' K&(s(s AIDS @KUI. I%: C(%'&"s(' E, D"(' S, D#erb"%
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KUISIONER
N"!" :
Us'" :
1+ Ap""& 3"%$ d'!"s(d HI6
". 6'r(s 3"%$ !e%3er"%$ s's'e! eeb")"% (b(& !"%(s'" d"% ""%
!e%'!b()"% AIDS
b. 6'r(s 3"%$ !e%3eb"b"% @)(, de!"! d"% s"' ep")"
. T'd" "&(
2+ B"$"'!"%" "r" pe%()"r"% HI6". Me)")(' &(b(%$"% ses(")
b. Berde""% de%$"% pe%der'" HI6
. Ber"b" "%$"%
+ D'b""& '%' !"%""& 3"%$ 'd" beres'# (%( ere%" HI6
". Ber$#%" $"%' p"s"%$"% ses(")
b. Pe%$$(%""% "r(! s(%' bers"!""%
. Ber"b" "%$"%
=+ 6'r(s HI6 erd"p" d")"!
". A'r er'%$" b. D"r"&, "'r"% 9"$'%", sper!"
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. T'd" "&(
5+ Ap""& pe%der'" HI67AIDS &"r(s d'"(&' #)e& e)("r$", e!"% d"% !"s3"r""
". Se((
b. T'd" "&(
. T'd" se((