kerala state nirmithi kendra - governance in...

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December 2010

Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public GrievancesMinistry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of Indiahttp://indiagovernance.gov.in/

Researched and Documented by

OneWorld Foundation India

Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra

Transparency and Accountability

Governance Knowledge CentrePromoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

Government of India

Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................

BACKGROUND ................................

THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK):

OBJECTIVE ................................

TRAINING ................................

SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION

THE APPROACH ................................

STRATEGIES USED ................................

DESIGN AND EXECUTION ................................

ACTIVITIES OF KESNIK ................................

THE FINANCIAL OUTLAY ................................

METHODOLOGY ................................

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

LESSONS LEARNED ................................

IMPACT ................................................................

FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE

UNIQUE APPROACH ................................

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY

A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE

CONCLUSION ................................

REFERENCES ................................

APPENDIX ................................


Governance Knowledge Centre Promoted by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances


Researched and documented by


Public Administration

Kerala State

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THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS ................................

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SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND UP GRADATION ................................................................

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FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE ................................................................................................

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TRAINING PROGRAMMES ................................................................................................

SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY ................................................................................................

A NEW CONSTRUCTION CULTURE ................................................................

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Case Study Public Administration

State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK)

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Government of India

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the

practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction

techniques. The technology propounded by KESNIK became a practical alternative to the high

priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally

materials thereby economising costs without compromising on

the structure.

It has proved its capacity in rural habitat, disaster management, and Habitat Development

Programme at Attappady Rainwater Harvesting in

earthquake design was submitted by Nirmithi Kendra for the rehabilitation project at Lathur in

Tamil Nadu. It was further used in the construction of a rehabilitation project at Bhuj in

Gujarat. When the Tsunami hit th

constructed temporary shelters and gave psychological support to the victims.

KESNIK also conducted a survey based on the needs of the people and the environmental

conditions and prepared a design for th

Ooru.

KESNIK started working in association with the Swiss Development Agency in 2000 by

launching a learning programme to increase the availability and accessibility of locally

available CEEF construction

now focuses on the housing needs of the rural poor.

Most part of the inner villages of Kerala are facing acute water shortage and KESNIK acts as a

nodal agency for rainwater harvesting. There are

harvesting and water purification methods.

KESNIK acts as an agency for conducting habitat development programmes in the country

playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and e

conditions to the poor. Its greatest impact has been the creation of an awareness of alternate

options in building technology.

This document captures the overall functioning and operational principles of KEZNIK with the

hope of contributing to the replication of such initiatives elsewhere.







Kerala State

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the

and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction


priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally

materials thereby economising costs without compromising on the durability and strength of


Programme at Attappady Rainwater Harvesting in the field of habitat development. The



Gujarat. When the Tsunami hit the coastal areas of Kerala, Nirmithi along with OXFAM



conditions and prepared a design for the construction of nearly 80 houses at Chemmannoor



materials and technologies among rural poor. The programme

now focuses on the housing needs of the rural poor.


nodal agency for rainwater harvesting. There are facilities for the demonstration of rain water

harvesting and water purification methods.


playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and e


options in building technology.


contributing to the replication of such initiatives elsewhere.




December 2010

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The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK), set up in 1989, is a pioneering organization in the

and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly (CEEF) construction


priced existing processes and served as a relief to people. Nirmithi utilizes locally available

the durability and strength of


the field of habitat development. The



e coastal areas of Kerala, Nirmithi along with OXFAM



e construction of nearly 80 houses at Chemmannoor



materials and technologies among rural poor. The programme


facilities for the demonstration of rain water


playing a very crucial role in meeting the problem of providing adequate and efficient housing






Government of India

BACKGROUND

THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS

In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this

the Collector of Kollam promoted an initiative in which the affected families were

involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes.

named the Nirmithi Kendra. The success of this initiative led to the

District Nirmithi Kendras across the state. Subsequently, in order to

to these District level Nirmithi Kendras, a body called the

KESNIK was set up. Ever since its establishment,

activities for the promotion of CEEF technologies

1. Manufacturing and sale of CEEF materials.

2. Promotion of small enterprises in the CEEF material sector.

3. Awareness generation among public through various measures.

4. Setting up information and guidance centers and conducting exhibitions.

5. Construction of demonstration units.

6. Training of both existing artisans and unskilled persons in CEEF technologies.

7. Orientation of Panchayati Raj representatives and offic

The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in

case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located

hilly eastern region of Kerala, is among the more backward areas

selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the

Development Cooperation (SDC), in view of a complete absence of

people. Based on the findings of a survey done

devised to increase the acceptance of CEEF materialsin the area. The activities undertaken

include:

1. Intensive interactions with elected representatives and staff of the GP.

2. Distribution of information boo

3. Nirmithi Vahini exhibitions in the wards of the GP.

4. Discussions with the public following the Vahini exhibitions.

The panchayat committee identified 138 families in need of support. Prior to the selection,

intensive parleys were held, by KESN

1 Kudumbashree, launched in 1998, is today one of the largest women

programme has 37 lakh members and covers more than 50% of the households in Kerala. It is built around three

critical components, micro credit, entrepreneurship and empowerment. The Ku

succeeded in addressing the basic needs of the less privileged women, thus providing them a more dignified life and a







Kerala State

THE KERALA STATE NIRMITHI KENDRA (KESNIK): GENESIS

In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this

promoted an initiative in which the affected families were

involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes.

named the Nirmithi Kendra. The success of this initiative led to the promotion of various

District Nirmithi Kendras across the state. Subsequently, in order to provide technical support

to these District level Nirmithi Kendras, a body called the Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra or

KESNIK was set up. Ever since its establishment, KESNIK has taken

activities for the promotion of CEEF technologies which include:

1. Manufacturing and sale of CEEF materials.

2. Promotion of small enterprises in the CEEF material sector.

3. Awareness generation among public through various measures.


5. Construction of demonstration units.


7. Orientation of Panchayati Raj representatives and officials.

The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in

case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located

hilly eastern region of Kerala, is among the more backward areas in the State.

selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the

Development Cooperation (SDC), in view of a complete absence of CEEF awareness among the

people. Based on the findings of a survey done by KESNIK staff, a multipronged


1. Intensive interactions with elected representatives and staff of the GP.

2. Distribution of information booklets.

3. Nirmithi Vahini exhibitions in the wards of the GP.

4. Discussions with the public following the Vahini exhibitions.


intensive parleys were held, by KESNIK and Kudumbashree1 functionaries with the

today one of the largest women-empowering projects in the country. The


critical components, micro credit, entrepreneurship and empowerment. The Kudumbashree initiative has today





December 2010

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In 1985, the district of Kollam in Kerala was affected by floods. As a response to this situation,

promoted an initiative in which the affected families were themselves

involved in the process of designing and building their shelters and homes. This initiative was

promotion of various

provide technical support

Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra or

KESNIK has taken up a wide variety of



The success of the initial approach to popularizing CEEF housing is best demonstrated in the

case of Karinkunnam Gram Panchayat (GP) in Idukki district. The district, located along the

in the State. The GP was

selected for implementation of Building Materials projects, supported by the Swiss Agency for

CEEF awareness among the

staff, a multipronged strategy was



functionaries with the members

empowering projects in the country. The


dumbashree initiative has today





Government of India

of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify

require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank

support to the families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the

sponsored neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to

KESNIKs local production centres provided CEEF materials for

were trained by KESNIK as part of its activities in the

provided the necessary guidance.

OBJECTIVE The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK):

To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction

To co-ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras

To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and

ensure field level application of Research in housing sector.

To provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and

policies.

To serve as a clearing house of information and data bank on housing.

To select appropriate technology for dissemination.

To formulate and update syllabi of the

To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional

technologies.

To set up Production Centers

To undertake HRD programme in the field of housing.

To formulate projects and to

To undertake R&D activities in housing and allied fields

To construct buildings especially public buildings using CEEF technology.

To dovetail the self employment schemes of Govt. and ot

and income for youth.

WORKING DESIGNThe Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all

districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union

the National Housing Policy saw the growth of the movement at the national level through the

setting up of building centres in all districts in the country. It also received the Special Habitat

better future. Literal meaning of Kudumbashree is prosperity (shree) of family (Kudumbam).







Kerala State

of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify

require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank

families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the

neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to

KESNIKs local production centres provided CEEF materials for construction. The families

e trained by KESNIK as part of its activities in the panchayat. Its technical staff also

provided the necessary guidance.

The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK):

To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction

ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras

To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and

ensure field level application of Research in housing sector.

provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and

To serve as a clearing house of information and data bank on housing.

To select appropriate technology for dissemination.

To formulate and update syllabi of the training programmes undertaken.

To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional

To set up Production Centers.

To undertake HRD programme in the field of housing.

To formulate projects and to take up consultancy services in housing and its allied fields.

To undertake R&D activities in housing and allied fields


To dovetail the self employment schemes of Govt. and other agencies to generate

WORKING DESIGN The Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all

districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union



better future. Literal meaning of Kudumbashree is prosperity (shree) of family (Kudumbam).




December 2010

4

of the panchayat committee. Certain specific criteria were developed to identify families that

require support. The Kudumbashree unit then collaborated with a local bank to provide loan

families. All the selected beneficiaries were members of the Kudumbashree

neighbourhood groups. Repayment of the loans is linked to their group activity.

construction. The families

panchayat. Its technical staff also

To act as a seminal agency to generate innovative ideas in the construction sector.

ordinate, monitor and regulate the activities of the District Nirmithi Kendras

To interact with the Research Institutions, government, semi government and NGOs and to

provide advice and guidance to the government on emerging housing concepts and

training programmes undertaken.

To undertake extension work among the public on the up gradation of the traditional housing

take up consultancy services in housing and its allied fields.


her agencies to generate employment

The Nirmithi concept soon spread across the state with Nirmithi Kendras being set up in all

districts of Kerala. Government of India recognised it by including it in the Union Budget and






Government of India

Award to the progenitor of the movement and the Kol

spread of the Movement.

International recognition was accorded to Nirmithi when the United Nations Commission for

Human Settlements at its 14

recommending governments to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the

national, provincial and grass root levels. As the prime mover behind Nirmithi, the director

was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat

Management.

Through new lines of action effecting attitudinal changes Nirmithi has become synonymous

with cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi

style of construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aes

quality criteria, Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have

compiled standards and specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.

Seminars, workshops, conferences and demonstrations were o

of effective housing in rural areas.

TRAINING

Nirmithi's foray into the field of building construction witnessed a severe shortage of skilled

labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation

organised in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, landscaping and such other skills related to

housing and habitat.


Employment oriented training programmes of the Government such as NRY (Nehru Rozgar

Yojna) being implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to

hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990

utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes

having a wide reach, are being conducted through the district, regional and rural centres of

Nirmithi.

GROUPS

Special training programmes for women and the weaker sections have been conducted with a

view to giving them a meaningful role in habitat

for the focused programmes:

a) Women

About 2000 women have been trained in skills such as masonry, terracotta art, prefabrication,

landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Su







Kerala State

Award to the progenitor of the movement and the Kollam Centre gave further impetus to the


Human Settlements at its 14th session in Nairobi in May 1993 adopted a resolution

ents to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the


awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat


cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi

construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aes

Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have

specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.

conferences and demonstrations were organised to spread the message

rural areas.


labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation




implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to

hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990

utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes



view to giving them a meaningful role in habitat development. The following are the groups


landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Su




December 2010

5

lam Centre gave further impetus to the


session in Nairobi in May 1993 adopted a resolution

ents to set up institutions modeled on the Building Centres at the


awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for his contributions to the field of Habitat


cost effective environment friendly building technology. Public has accepted Nirmithi

construction which has neither compromised on quality nor aesthetics. To ensure

Nirmithi have collaborated with the Bureau of Indian Standards, have

specifications for cost effective building materials and techniques.

rganised to spread the message


labour in this particular style of construction. Various skills up gradation programmes were



implemented through Nirmithi has imparted training in skill up gradation to

hundreds of youth and women. An amount of Rs.4, 608,000 for the period 1990-1995, was

utilised for the training of youth in various skill up gradation programmes. These programmes,



development. The following are the groups


landscaping and in higher level training for application of computer software. Such




Government of India

programmes have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the

otherwise male dominated construction sector.

b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled

scheduled tribes have been designed keeping in view their limits and constraints. Training has

been imparted to about 775 people belonging to these classes.

c) Mentally Handicapped

Nirmithi has helped open up employment opportunities and thereb

about 200 mentally handicapped youth and is tied up with two institutions working for the

mentally handicapped.

THE APPROACH

The Nirmithi Kendra at Quilon in Kerala is supplemented with the efforts of organizations such

as COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non

voluntary organization that trains masons, artisans, carpenters, architects and engineers in

lowcost constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing

Their projects provide simple layouts, economical house designs, use of locally available

material resources and indigenous construction techniques which reduce material costs and are

labour intensive.

STRATEGIES USED

Two housing colonies developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the

strategies proposed by COSTFORD and the Nirmithi Kendra towards solving the housing crisis

in Kerala. Baker2 construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples

of numerous jali (brick lattice) designs are to be seen at the Nirmithi Kendra in Trichur which

show that a verandah jali may sometimes suffice to lend individuality to a house. It also

demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with r

concrete (RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch

brick jali4, cow dung and fly-

2 Named after the famous architect Laurie Baker who pioneered sustainable ecofriendly

architecture with

brick and mud; and other local materials.3 Technique used for repairing through brickwork and masonry4 Brick lattice 5 Cowdung flooring refers to flooring with the use of cow excreta.

Terminology as the finely divided residue resulting from the c

transported from the firebox through the

plants.







Kerala State

have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the

dominated construction sector.

b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled


been imparted to about 775 people belonging to these classes.

Nirmithi has helped open up employment opportunities and thereby meaningfully integrated



COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non


constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing



developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the


construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples



demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with r

(RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch

-ash flooring5, brick corbelling6, etc have been incorporated in the

the famous architect Laurie Baker who pioneered sustainable ecofriendly

brick and mud; and other local materials.

Technique used for repairing through brickwork and masonry.

Cowdung flooring refers to flooring with the use of cow excreta. Flyash is defined in Cement and

Terminology as the finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered

transported from the firebox through the boiler by flue gases. Flyash is a byproduct of coalfired




December 2010

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have helped reduce gender bias and increase women participation in the

Special programmes for the backward sections of society such as the scheduled castes and


y meaningfully integrated



COSTFORD (Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development), a non-profit


constructions practices and transfers them to the field through its housing projects.



developed in Trichur at Laloor and Nallankara are good examples of the


construction systems are propagated through the Nirmithi Kendras. Examples



demonstrates the versatility in designs of brick compound walls with reinforced cement

(RCC) coping and various kinds of gate posts. Innovations such as patch-pointing3,

, etc have been incorporated in the

Flyash is defined in Cement and Concrete

ombustion of ground or powdered coal, which is

gases. Flyash is a byproduct of coalfired electric generating




Government of India

housing projects. Sometimes, these centres

funicular shells, etc.

Figure 1:BRICK LATTICE Figure

DESIGN AND EXECUTION

The process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate

drawings exist for either of these projects. Most of the construction is based on sketches (and

not on pre-determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefer

innovations onesite by the labourers. The staff members of Nirmithi Kendra and COSTFORD

supervise the onsite development and improvise as and when necessary

Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie

and hence were themselves skilled artisans in brickwork. Some of the labourers who helped

build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilo

ACTIVITIES OF KESNIK

A wide range of projects which are being

CEEF technology which includes projects that span from tribal shelters to the Science Seminar

Complexes, Temples, Churches, University buildings, Public Sector office structures etc.

1. Consultancy services

Nirmithi offers consultancy services in the following thrust areas and undertakes total project

management in:

Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High

Group (HIG).

Residential villas & Farm Houses

Universities and Other Institutions

Seminar and Exhibition Complexes

6 Brick corbelling is brickwork carried out from the face of a wall in projec

a load such as that brought by a wallplate







Kerala State

housing projects. Sometimes, these centres develop products such as the hollow concrete block,

:BRICK LATTICE Figure 2:BRICK CORBELLING

DESIGN AND EXECUTION

process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate


determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefer


supervise the onsite development and improvise as and when necessary.

Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie


build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilo

A wide range of projects which are being by Nirmithi is a proof to the increasing acceptance of




Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High

Residential villas & Farm Houses

Universities and Other Institutions

Seminar and Exhibition Complexes

Brick corbelling is brickwork carried out from the face of a wall in projecting courses for the purpose of

as that brought by a wallplate or the end of a beam.




December 2010

7

p products such as the hollow concrete block,

:BRICK CORBELLING

process of design and that of execution onsite overlap to a great degree. No elaborate


determined, elaborate designs) made by Laurie Baker who prefers to also allow for


Some of the architects who worked here had earlier participated in Laurie Baker's other projects


build these two colonies had received training at the Nirmithi Kendra in Quilon.

by Nirmithi is a proof to the increasing acceptance of




Residential Houses for Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), High Income

ting courses for the purpose of supporting




Government of India

Earthquake resistant houses & rehabilitation colonies

Housing Colonies

Mass Housing scheme for SC beneficiaries

Mass Housing project Under Swiss Development Project

Organizing Training for Artisans & Other Institutions

Production Centers of CEEF

Material Testing Laboratories

2. Housing Guidance Centre

The Technical/Consultancy wing of KESNIK has a Housing Guidance Centre attached to every

Nirmithi Kendra which provides

(CEEF) construction options to the prospective house builder. The various technology options,

the advantages and the cost comparison are explained to the client before the final decisions are

taken by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this

centre.

3. Regional/Rural Nirmithi Kendras

With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary

decentralise the activities of Kerala

demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally

With this objective, Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra has set up

all districts of Kerala. These centres fulfil the

besides providing services such as

training of artisans and unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective

technologies and awareness generation on alternate building materials.

4. Information and Extension Division

The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of

technology through publications including brochures,

CEEF technology, conduct of camps, workshops, seminars, conference

levels of people, Mobile units equipped with audio visual aids

message to remote rural areas etc.

5. Production Centres

Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce

CEEF building materials on a large scale

frames, Ferro cement, water tanks and so on.

Building construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation

construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in

dream home. KESNIK was in the lookout for the promotion

for withholding the construction cost escalation to







Kerala State

Earthquake resistant houses & rehabilitation colonies

Mass Housing scheme for SC beneficiaries

Mass Housing project Under Swiss Development Project

ng Training for Artisans & Other Institutions

Material Testing Laboratories


Nirmithi Kendra which provides information on the cost effective and environment friendly



by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this

Regional/Rural Nirmithi Kendras

With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary

decentralise the activities of Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra to enable it to meet rural

demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally

With this objective, Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra has set up Regional/Rural Kendras in almost

icts of Kerala. These centres fulfil the construction demands of the respective regions

besides providing services such as production cum training. The Rural Kendras focus on the

unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective

awareness generation on alternate building materials.

. Information and Extension Division

The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of

technology through publications including brochures, newsletters, books and

CEEF technology, conduct of camps, workshops, seminars, conference etc to reach out to all

levels of people, Mobile units equipped with audio visual aids - Nirmithi Vahini to take this

message to remote rural areas etc.

Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce

CEEF building materials on a large scale Hollow Concrete Blocks, Concrete door, window

frames, Ferro cement, water tanks and so on.

construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation

construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in

dream home. KESNIK was in the lookout for the promotion indigenous and local

for withholding the construction cost escalation to certain extent.




December 2010

8


information on the cost effective and environment friendly



by the client. All information regarding to construction of houses can be got from this

With the increasing demand for cost effective construction, it has become necessary to

State Nirmithi Kendra to enable it to meet rural housing

demands as well as for the up gradation of rural technologies and locally available materials.

Regional/Rural Kendras in almost

construction demands of the respective regions

production cum training. The Rural Kendras focus on the

unemployed youth in new and emerging cost effective building

The information and extension division has been set up for the dissemination of CEEF

newsletters, books and literature on

etc to reach out to all

Nirmithi Vahini to take this

Production centres, spread all over the state, owned by Nirmithi Kendra produce authentic

Concrete door, window

construction trend in Kerala is ever increasing and so is the cost escalation of

construction components. The people below poverty line find it very difficult in fulfilling their

indigenous and local technology




Government of India

As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material

were developed in association with Premier Building Research Institute,

labs. This enabled us in setting up CEEF building material

length and breadth of Kerala. The commonly used

Pre-cast Door / Window frames,

Blocks to name a few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have

been widely accepted by the people in general.

6. Kalavara Fair Price Market for building materials

Nirmithi has set up Kalavara fair price

Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale

materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide

materials at affordable price t

building materials and to make available the same to BPL families at

THE FINANCIAL OUTLAYThere are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementati

housing projects:

DST program (Department of Science and Technology):

programmes for masons in order to create an awareness of cost

technology. Three houses are built during each training

demonstration houses. This scheme has been implemented in Trichur, Palghat and Allepey.

Thirty houses have thus been erected for the low

been selected by the DST.

Laloor housing programme:

through a loan scheme by the Government of Kerala State and built with the help of

COSTFORD and Nirmithi Kendra between June 1987 and June 1988. Each of these 18 houses

has been built at an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the

construction of 250 houses in the Trichur District at the cost of Rs 12000 per house. Selection of

beneficiaries is made by the District Collectorate in Trichur.

The approach promoted direct involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from

government rigidities, coordination of the efforts of government officials, voluntary

organization sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help

was sought from research and development institutions to adapt cost

the local requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost

building materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian B

Standards.







Kerala State

As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material

were developed in association with Premier Building Research Institute, NGOs and at o

labs. This enabled us in setting up CEEF building material production units throughout the

length and breadth of Kerala. The commonly used CEEF products are Hollow Concrete Blocks,

cast Door / Window frames, Stabilized Mud Blocks, Interlocking Mud Blocks, Rubble Filler

few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have

widely accepted by the people in general.

Kalavara Fair Price Market for building materials

Nirmithi has set up Kalavara fair price markets of building materials at

Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale

materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide

materials at affordable price to the BPL families. This venture is aimed to

building materials and to make available the same to BPL families at affordable prices.

THE FINANCIAL OUTLAY There are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementati

DST program (Department of Science and Technology): This consists of ten training

programmes for masons in order to create an awareness of cost-effective and innovative

technology. Three houses are built during each training programme and stand thereafter as


Thirty houses have thus been erected for the low-income group and the beneficiaries having

rogramme: This programme provided 31 houses; 18 of which were financed



t an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the


beneficiaries is made by the District Collectorate in Trichur.

rect involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from


sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help

research and development institutions to adapt cost-effective technologies to

requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost

materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian B




December 2010

9

As a result various Cost Effective Environment Friendly (CEEF) building material products

NGOs and at our own

production units throughout the

CEEF products are Hollow Concrete Blocks,

ud Blocks, Rubble Filler

few. These products have become a part of a construction culture and have

markets of building materials at Kozhikode,

Kalamasseri(Ernakulam) and Vattiyoorkavu (Thiruvananthapuram) for the sale of building

materials mainly to the BPL families and other public. These markets provide quality building

curb the price level of

affordable prices.

There are different funding programmes at the state level for the implementation of such

This consists of ten training

effective and innovative

programme and stand thereafter as


income group and the beneficiaries having

This programme provided 31 houses; 18 of which were financed



t an approximate cost of Rs 8000; HUDCO programme: This involves the


rect involvement of beneficiaries, delinking of development from


sand technologists, and judicious channeling of available resources. Expert help

effective technologies to

requirements. To ensure quality, standards and specifications for cost-effective

materials and techniques were compiled in collaboration with the Indian Bureau of




Government of India

To combat the shortage of skilled labour familiar with cost

skill upgrading programmes were organized in masonry, carpentry, plumbing, electrification,

landscaping, interior design etc. Some 30

women and as a result, the gender imbalance in the cons

women participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,

conferences and demonstration

established to implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala

became the first state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.

METHODOLOGY The Research Team of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its

effective alternative housing technology in Kerala. The desk research was carried out with the

help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer

Nirmithi Kendra.

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK

organization in the practice and propagation of Cost Effective and Environment Friendly

construction techniques. KESNIK conducts training

artisans to equip them with skill to practice cost effective and environment friendly building

construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for

Corporation) for a building materia

Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative

are well sustained by the Public as well as the Government.

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperati

Development and Cooperation (SDC), recognizing interest and contribution of KESNIK in

CEEF technology decided to take KESNIK into a partnership in a Building Materials Project

(BMP). The first phase of the proje

2002. This was a learning phase in which different models for promoting CEEF technologies

were experimented. The objective of the project was to develop strategies to increase the

availability and accessibility of building materials technologies that:

are energy efficient and environmentally sound

can augment supply of cost effective building materials

create sustainable livelihoods

improve shelter conditions







Kerala State

To combat the shortage of skilled labour familiar with cost-effective construction technologies,


landscaping, interior design etc. Some 30 - 40 per cent of the trainees in the programmes were

women and as a result, the gender imbalance in the construction sector was reduced and

participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,

and demonstration were used to spread the message. A building centre was

implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala

state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.

eam of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its


help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

The Kerala State Nirmithi Kendra (KESNIK): Set up in 1989 KESNIK is a pioneering


construction techniques. KESNIK conducts training programmes for engineers, architects and


construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for

Corporation) for a building material project.Started as a pioneering experiment in

Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative

are well sustained by the Public as well as the Government.

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC): In early 2000 the Swiss Agency for



(BMP). The first phase of the project was implemented successfully during July 2000 to June



cessibility of building materials technologies that:

are energy efficient and environmentally sound

can augment supply of cost effective building materials

create sustainable livelihoods




December 2010

10

effective construction technologies,


per cent of the trainees in the programmes were

truction sector was reduced and

participation increased. Print and electronic media, as well as seminars, workshops,

were used to spread the message. A building centre was

implement and propagate the ideas and coordinate the efforts. By 1989 Kerala

state in India to have set up building centers in all districts.

eam of OneWorld Foundation selected to study KESNIK on the basis of its


help of online sources and a telephonic interview was conducted with the Project Engineer of

): Set up in 1989 KESNIK is a pioneering


programmes for engineers, architects and


construction. The Kendra has a joint venture with SDC (Swiss Agency for Development

l project.Started as a pioneering experiment in the district of

Kollam, KESNIK now has a wide network throughout the state and its innovative programmes

In early 2000 the Swiss Agency for



ct was implemented successfully during July 2000 to June






Government of India

LESSONS LEARNEDIt was a challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of

the technologies available in the labs. Various seminars, symposia and workshops were

conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability

new technologies. Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost

effective technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers

and Architects. The organisation has made continuous efforts to ori

of this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house

construction scenario in Kerala and throughout the country.

The lessons derived from this governance practice are:

IMPACT a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the

country.

b) Integration of Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing

building materials etc.

c) Technical soundness of the work programmes, quality of works aesthetics etc based on

feedback from users.

d) Increasing demand and geographical spread of

e) Overall growth in clientele and volume of works.

f) Increasing awareness among the public, professionals & in the media of the Nirmithi

Movement.

Figure 3: School for the hearing impaired at

Source: http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/gall.htm)







Kerala State

LESSONS LEARNED challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of


conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability

Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost

technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers

Architects. The organisation has made continuous efforts to orient people with the benefits

this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house

construction scenario in Kerala and throughout the country.

The lessons derived from this governance practice are:

a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the

Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing


d) Increasing demand and geographical spread of works.

e) Overall growth in clientele and volume of works.


ol for the hearing impaired at Nagercoil

ource: http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/gall.htm)




December 2010

11

challenge to educate people on the CEEF technologies as they were not aware of any of


conducted throughout the state to generate awareness on the strength and durability of the

Demonstration buildings were constructed to get ideas about the cost

technology. Training programmes were conducted at field level to artisans, engineers

ent people with the benefits

this housing technology. Despite such challenges, NK has managed to change the house

a) Spread of the Nirmithi Movement from one district (Quilon, Kerala) to all districts in the

Research and Development, education, training, production and marketing of






Government of India

FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLEKESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its

without depending on any other financial agencies including the Government. The day to day

expenditure is met from the profits generated from our various construction projects and

training programmes.

UNIQUE APPROACHNirmithi Kendra is the

government agency under Housing

Department, Kerala which propagates

and CEEF. The projects are executed

through its 14 Regional Centers and

District Nirmithi Kendras spread

across the State. It caters to the

housing needs of the people all over

Kerala including the remote areas.

There are Production Centers and

Training Centers attached to each

Regional Center where CEEF

products like hollow concrete

concrete door and window frames are

produced.

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

More than 3000 labourers have

emphasis has given to the training of women. Techniques related to masonry, carpentry,

building material production are

rehabilitation projects in Latur, Bhuj

Kendra. Other rehabilitation projects of

a part of its social commitment to LIGs

material fair price units called KALAVARS throughout Kerala where building materials are

supplied to mainly BPL families at a subsidized

SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUALITY

NKs aim at ensuring active participation of women in all aspects of habitat development. Equal

opportunities are given for both men and women and 50 % of the staff is women. In all the







Kerala State

FINANCIALLY SUSTAINABLE KESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its



UNIQUE APPROACH Nirmithi Kendra is the only

government agency under Housing

propagates

and CEEF. The projects are executed

through its 14 Regional Centers and

Nirmithi Kendras spread

State. It caters to the

of the people all over

including the remote areas.

There are Production Centers and

Training Centers attached to each

Regional Center where CEEF

products like hollow concrete block,

frames are

More than 3000 labourers have been trained in cost effective building technology and special


building material production are imparted to unemployed youth. Most of the Earthquake

rehabilitation projects in Latur, Bhuj and Tsunami Projects were implemented by Nirmithi

Kendra. Other rehabilitation projects of Government are executed through Nirmithi

a part of its social commitment to LIGs (Low Income Groups). Also Nirmithi has building


supplied to mainly BPL families at a subsidized rate.

ENDER EQUALITY



Figure 4: One day home for social welfare department,




December 2010

12

KESNIK is registered under Charitable Society Act, and is working with its own resources



building technology and special


imparted to unemployed youth. Most of the Earthquake

and Tsunami Projects were implemented by Nirmithi

Government are executed through Nirmithi Kendra as

(Low Income Groups). Also Nirmithi has building




ne day home for social welfare department, Trivandrum




Government of India

trainings, equal priority for both men and women are pro

different skills such as masonry, carpentry, terracotta art, prefabrication, landscaping and other

management development programmes which have reduced gender bias and increase women

participation in the otherwise male


NKs contribution to the revival of

traditional architecture blending with

modern trends in architecture has been

widely appreciated.

1. Environment friendly:

propagates CEEF which ensures

minimum damage to environment.

Since most of the material

construction is locally

usage of resources like water, air,

and energy can be reduced.

2. Durability of building

CEEF building materials used in the

constructions are being

produced and are tested in testing

labs across the State.

being initiated to start mobile testing

labs where building materials

tested on the site.

3. Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window

frames with concrete doors and window frames.

4. Leak proof roofing: Ferro cement roofing is being practiced.

5. Thermal Comfort: Achieved by using

bond and Hollow block technology for Cavity wall construction.

6. Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.

7. Cost reduction: Achieved by using Cost effective Technologies i

Nirmithi" ceef technology (about 30% saving in cost).







Kerala State

trainings, equal priority for both men and women are provided. Trainings are conducted in



participation in the otherwise male dominated construction sector.


NKs contribution to the revival of

traditional architecture blending with

architecture has been

friendly: KESNIK

which ensures

damage to environment.

Since most of the material used in

construction is locally available the

resources like water, air,

energy can be reduced.

Durability of building materials: The

building materials used in the

constructions are being ingeniously

tested in testing

Also steps are

being initiated to start mobile testing

labs where building materials can be

Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window

with concrete doors and window frames.

Leak proof roofing: Ferro cement roofing is being practiced.

: Achieved by using Filler slab technology for roofing and rat trap

bond and Hollow block technology for Cavity wall construction.

Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.

Cost reduction: Achieved by using Cost effective Technologies in construction like

technology (about 30% saving in cost).

Figure 5: EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HOUSES AT LATHUR

IN MAHARASTRA




December 2010

13

vided. Trainings are conducted in



Fire resistance: Timber usage is reduced by replacing wooden doors and window

Filler slab technology for roofing and rat trap

Security: Only High quality materials and labour are used in construction.

n construction like

: EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HOUSES AT LATHUR




Government of India

CONCLUSION The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have

disseminated popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly

building technology in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening

demand- supply gaps in housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was

perceived as, perhaps, the only

housing problem. The project's ability to

needs of the housing sector was another

Training programmes in different skills

different target groups (women,

educational programmes (Masters and

integral part of the project facilitated th

Strategies such as delinking developmental tasks from government rigidities, networking with

likeminded organisations in the country, building awareness camp and demonstrations for

bringing about attitudinal changes, establishment of housing gu

concepts of traditional architecture with the modern were other aspects of the project enabling

its success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be

effectively sustained.

Research was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.

Documentation was created by Research Associate,

For further information, please contact

REFERENCES http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/home.htm

http://www.keralaplanningboard.org/html/Economic%20Review%202006/Chap/Chapter13.pdf

http://www.anangpur.org/nirmithi_kendra.asp

http://www.unhabitat.org/bestpractices/2006/mainview.asp?BPID=1668







Kerala State

The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have

popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly

in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening

housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was

perceived as, perhaps, the only means to provide an affordable solution to the

housing problem. The project's ability to perceive and plan for human resources developmental

needs of the housing sector was another important factor contributing to project sustainability.

Training programmes in different skills (masonry, carpentry), related to CEEF technology, for

different target groups (women, handicapped, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes etc.) and

educational programmes (Masters and Diplomas in Habitat Technology) organised as an

integral part of the project facilitated these tasks.



bringing about attitudinal changes, establishment of housing guidance centres; and integrating


success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be

h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team.

Documentation was created by Research Associate, Attrika Hazarika

For further information, please contact Rajiv Tikoo, Director, OWFI, at [email protected]

http://www.nirmithi.kerala.gov.in/home.htm


anangpur.org/nirmithi_kendra.asp

http://www.unhabitat.org/bestpractices/2006/mainview.asp?BPID=1668




December 2010

14

The Nirmithi model has left a perceptible mark on the housing scenario. They have

popularised and promoted cost effective and environment friendly (CEEF)

in the country. With paucity of resources in the country, widening

housing and declining investment, the Nirmithi Movement was

means to provide an affordable solution to the country's

perceive and plan for human resources developmental

important factor contributing to project sustainability.

ntry), related to CEEF technology, for

handicapped, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes etc.) and

Diplomas in Habitat Technology) organised as an



idance centres; and integrating


success and sustainability. The project is thus an effective model of a practice that can be

h was carried out by OneWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowledge Centre (GKC) team. Attrika Hazarika

[email protected]





Government of India

APPENDIX Questionnaire

1. In what ways are the construction

private or public construction companies?

2. Who is responsible for designing, planning, manpower management and resou

kerala state nirmithi kendra - governance in...

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