kelso abbey timeline - kelso connections abbey timeline.pdfwars of independence started 1290 abbot...

12001100

1138David I intervened in the civil war in England - defeated at the Battle of the Standard

Stephen1135-1154

David I1124-1153

1128Monks moved to Kelso just across the river from David’s Royal Burgh of RoxburghAlexander I

1107-1124

1113Prince David, Earl of Cumbria brought monks from Tiron to Selkirk

1124David succeeded his brother Alexander as King of Scotland

Henry I1100-1135

1153David succeeded by hisgrandson Malcolm IV who soon after confirmed theabbey’s charter

Henry II1154-1189

William I “the Lion”1165-1214

1152David’s only son Henry buriedbefore high altar of Kelso Abbey

Malcolm IV1153-1165

1178Arbroath Abbey founded by monks from Kelso

1191Abbey of Lindores founded by monks from Kelso

1175William the Lion, captured in battle did homage to Henry II - later bought it back from Richard I

C 1170Abbot John travelled to Rome and was awarded rightof abbots to wear mitre

Richard I“Lion Heart”1189-1199

John1199-1216

Kelso Abbey TimelineBritish Monarchy

Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events

Kelso and the Environs

13001200

1243David de Bernham Bishop of St Andrews dedicated the recently completed Abbey church

John Balliol1292-1296

1296Edward I’s invasion - staying at Roxburgh, took homage of Abbot Richard and many others

1214Abbot Henry attended General Church Council in Rome

1215King John of Englandsigned the Magna Carta

Henry III1216-1272

Alexander III1249-1286

1263Battle of Largs recovered Hebridesfor Scotland

1295King John signed alliance with France against England - the “Auld Alliance”

1296Edward I invaded Scotland -Wars of Independence started

1290Abbot Richard of Kelsosupported claim of John Balliol to Scottish throne

1286Accidental deathof Alexander III

Alexander II1214-1249

1221Marriage of Alexander II to sister of Henry III of England at Roxburgh marked by banquet at Abbey

1237Treaty of York broadly settled borderline between Scotland and England

1255Henry III at Roxburgh - royal procession to Kelso Abbey

1290Death of Margaret Maid of Norway - thirteen peopleclaimed the throne

Edward I1272-1307

Margaret the “Maid of Norway”1286-1290


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


14001300

Edward II1307-1327

1377Scots attacked and burned town of Roxburgh

1328Treaty of Edinburgh/Northampton recognised Robert the Bruce king

1355“Burnt Candlemas” -Edward III’s army devastated southern Scotland

Edward III1327-1377

1313James Douglas capturedRoxburgh Castle from Englishfor King Robert Bruce

David II1329-1371

1344Charter of David II allowedmonks to cut timber in royalforests to repair Abbey

1346David II taken prisoner atbattle of Neville’s Cross

1348-50Black Death spread fromEngland to Scotland withdevastating effects

Robert II1371-1390

Robert I“the Bruce”1306-1329

1314Battle of Bannockburn

C 1316Report that damage caused by the wars had reduced Kelso’s monks to begging

1320Declaration of Arbroath for Scottish independence

1334Renewed war with England -Roxburgh again in Englishhands - David II sent to France for safety with his tutor Abbot William de Dalgarnock of Kelso

1366Letter of protection for Kelso Abbey from Edward III

Richard II1377-1399

Robert III1390-1406

Henry IV1399-1413


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


15001400

Henry VI1422 - murdered 1471

1455Start of the Wars of the Roses between the Yorkists andLancastrians

Henry VII Tudor1485-1509

1402Scots defeatedby English atHomildon Hill

James I1406-1437

Henry V1413-1422

1417The “Foul Raid” - failed attempt by Scots to recapture Roxburgh andBerwick

James II1437-1460

1468Scotland acquired Orkney and Shetland from Norway

Richard III1483-1485

1485Battle of Bosworth ended the Warsof the Roses

1490War - Henry VII granted letterof protection to Kelso Abbey

1415Henry V won the battle of Agincourtin France

1436James I’sunsuccessfulsiege of Roxburgh Castle

1460James II laying siege to RoxburghCastle killed by explosion of his own cannon - James III aged eight crowned King at Kelso Abbey - Roxburgh captured by Scots

James III1460-1488

Edward IV1461-70 & 1471-83

James IV1488-1513


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


16001500 James V1513-1542

Elizabeth1558-1603

1567Queen Mary defeated and forced to abdicate - laterfled to England

1503Marriageof MargaretTudor toJames IV

Henry VIII1509-1547

1513James IV defeated and killed with 10,000 Scots at Battle of Flodden

1513In confusion following Flodden Ker of Ferniehurst forcibly installed his brother as Abbot of Kelso

1517John Duncan cleric of Glasgowwrote his report on the Abbey

1523English under Lord Dacre sacked town and Abbey of Kelso

1534Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholic Church - England became Protestant

1536James Stewart illegitimate son of James V made Commendator of Kelso Abbey

1545The “Rough Wooing” - English under Hertford besieged and captured Kelso Abbey which was then mostly destroyed with gunpowder

Mary1553-1558

1548Mary Queen of Scots sent to France for safety

1542James V’s army defeated atSolway Moss

1561Queen Mary returnedfrom France

1587Mary executed for conspiringagainst Queen Elizabeth

Mary Queen of Scots1542-1567

1542English forces burned Roxburghand Kelso

1544-45The “Rough Wooing” - Hertford’s invasions devastated southernScotland

Edward VI1547-1553

1559-60Protestantism established in Scotland - mob attacked abbeydestroying images and altars -West end of Abbey converted touse as Protestant parish church

1560Reformation Parliamentestablished Protestant religion in Scotland

1587“The haill monkis of the abbay of Kelso ar decessit”

James VI1567-1625


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


17001600

1603Union of the Crowns

1602Robert Ker of Cessford to whom James VI gave lands of Kelso Abbey created Lord Roxburgh

James VI of Scotland andI of England1603-1625

Charles I1625-1649

1637Scots signed National Covenant againstCharles I’s changes tothe Scottish church

1639Covenanting army of General Leslie used Abbey as barracks

1649Repairs to west end of Abbey used as parish church

1649Charles I executedby EnglishParliamentarians after Civil War

Charles II1660-1685

1660Charles II restored to the throne

1668Grammar School built withinruins of Abbey

James II & VII1685-1688

1688James II and VII driven outduring “Glorious Revolution”

William & Mary1688-1702


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


18001700

Anne1702-1714

1707Treaty of Union united Scottish and English Parliaments

George I1714-1727

George II1727-1760

1715First Jacobite Rebellion

1715Jacobite army held service inAbbey - James the Old Pretender declared rightful king

1745Bonnie Prince Charlie ledSecond Jacobite rebellion but defeated at Culloden 1746

1770Fall of masonry from roof led to fears of church’s collapse

1771-73New parish church built in graveyard - Abbey churchabandoned

George III1760-1820

C 1780New Grammar School built - attended 1783 by Walter Scott

1789Start of French Revolution

1793-1815Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warswith France


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


19001800

1870/72Education Act brought education for all

1805Duke of Roxburgh beganclearing of abbey and repairs to main structures - used for family burials

George IV1820-1830

1832First Parliamentary Reform Act

Victoria1837-1901

1854-56Crimean War

William IV1830-1837


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


20001900

Edward VII1901-1911

George V1911-1936

1914Start of First World War

1919Abbey ruinscame into careof Ministry of Works [Historic Scotland]

1932-33Memorial Cloister for Roxburghe family burial built - architectRobert Fairlie

Edward VIII1936

George VI1936-1952

1939Start of Second World War

1948National Health Service started

Elizabeth1952-

1999Devolution Act restored theScottish Parliament

2013Kelso Abbey 900


Scottish Monarchy

English Monarchy

Historical Events


kelso abbey timeline - kelso connections abbey timeline.pdfwars of independence started 1290 abbot...

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