kazuyoshi yanaka- experimental study of thermal behavior in liquid helium induced by gasdynamic...
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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Oz~opafomxke \xuhq ig Xjopfke @ojkwaip am Ea{uahJoeauf Amhuloh `q Bk|hqmkfal \jilc Rkwo
Af~ambofomx imxi Joeauf Gpoo \upgklo*
!
Cktuqi|ja Qkmkck*Hilxipke ^pibpkf am Ombamoopamb Foljkmal| kmh Omopbq!
Khwa|oh `q Fk|kjaho Fupkckfa
\u`faxxoh xi xjo Bpkhukxo \ljiie ig
\q|xof| kmh Amgipfkxaim Ombamoopambam ^kpxake Guegaeefomx ig xjo Po{uapofomx|gip xjo Hobpoo ig Fk|xop ig Ombamoopamb
kx xjo_mawop|axq ig X|ucu`k
Go`pukpq 0>>
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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K`|xpklx
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kmh xjopfke |jilc rkwo| kpo fok|upoh raxj xjo |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip|-
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lif~po||aim a| fok|upoh am Jo A% rjalj a| |xaee km i~om {uo|xaim-
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geuah&hqmkfal mimeamokp oggolx kmh `q |xpimb amxopklxaim raxj {ukmxatoh wipxalo|- Ax a| ke|igiumh xjkx xjo xof~opkxupo kf~eaxuho ig xjopfke |jilc rkwo| amlpok|o| kefi|x eamokpeq raxj
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ozlooh &xof~opkxupo-
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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Limxomx|
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; Amxpihulxaim ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
0 \u~opgeuah Jqhpihqmkfal|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
0-; \u~opgeuah Joeauf----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
0-0 Xri&Geuah Fihoe -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?
0-< Ekmhku Xri&Geuah O{ukxaim|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?
0-8 ^pi~kbkxaim ig \iumh Rkwo am Jo AA -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
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0-7 [ukmxatoh Wipxalo| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;?
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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8-< ^aoti&Oeolxpal ^po||upo Xpkm|hulop------------------------------------------------------------------------------07
? Po|uex| kmh Ha|lu||aim --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------02
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?-0-0 Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh q Xpkm|faxxoh Lif~po||aim \jilc Rkwo ------------01
?-0-< Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh q Pogeolxoh Lif~po||aim \jilc Rkwo ----------------
?-0-8 Poekxaim `oxroom Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim| Amhuloh `q Xpkm|faxxoh kmh Pogeolxoh
Lif~po||aim \jilc Rkwo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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LJK^XOP ;
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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Am xjo ~po|omx |xuhq% xjo ^aoti&oeolxpal ~po||upo xpkm|hulop| *^L@ ;>0K;;! kpo u|oh k|
xjo hoxolxip| ig xjo lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo- Xjo xpkm|hulop lim|a|x| ig k {ukpxt ~po||upo
oeofomx liu~eoh xi k |~olake FI\GOX kf~eagaop lapluax xi keeir i~opkxaim kx lpqibomal
xof~opkxupo|- Xjo ~jixibpk~j ig xjo xpkm|hulop a| |jirm am Gabupo
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
Ljk~xop ?
Po|uex| kmh Ha|lu||aim
?-; Xq~alke ^po||upo kmh Xof~opkxupo Ja|xipao| Amhuloh `qBk|hqmkfal \jilc Rkwo Af~ambofomx imxi Wk~ip&Jo AA Gpoo
\upgklo
Gabupo ?-; a| k xq~alke ozkf~eo ig xjo ~po||upo kmh xjo xof~opkxupo ja|xipao| am Jo AA
amhuloh `q k bk|hqmkfal |jilc rkwo af~ambofomx imxi k Jo AA gpoo |upgklo Am xja| lk|o% xjo
amaxake ~po||upo limhaxaim| ig xjo hpawop kmh hpawom joeauf bk|o| kpo ??0 c^k *>C! kmh 0-28
c^k *|kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo kx ;-1?C!% po|~olxawoeq- Xjo ~po||upo xpkm|hulop @ a| am joeauf
wk~ip% kmh xjo ~po||upo xpkm|hulop L kmh xjo |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip kpo am Jo AA-
Xjo poliph| *k! kmh *`! kpo hoxolxoh `q xjo ~po||upo xpkm|hulop| @ kmh L% po|~olxawoeq-
Xjo gap|x kmh xjo |olimh |jkp~ ~po||upo pa|o| ig xjo xpklo *k! po|uex gpif xjo amlahomx bk|hqmkfal
|ilc rkwo am joeauf wk~ip kmh xjo pogeolxoh bk|hqmkfal |jilc rkwo gpif xjo Jo AA gpoo
|upgklo% po|~olxawoeq- Xjo xjaph bomxeo ~po||upo pa|o a| lku|oh `q xjo ~omoxpkxaim ig xjo
pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo gpif xjo |jilc xu`o `ixxif xjpiubj xjo Jo AA gpoo |upgklo-
Xjo ~po||upo pa|o| `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo| ~pi~kbkxamb
xjipiubj Jo AA kpo hoxolxoh k| wopq |jkp~ ~po||upo duf~| am xjo xpklo *`!- Xja| fokm| xjkx k
|jilc rkwo roee ~omoxpkxo| xjpiubj k wk~ip& Jo AA amxop~jk|o amxi Jo AA `olku|o xjo |jilc
af~ohkmlo fkxljamb `oxroom joeauf wk~ip kmh Jo AA a| biih-Xjo |abmke *l! a| fok|upoh `q k |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip- Xjo gap|x kmh
|olimh |fkee xof~opkxupo hpi~| k`iux |owopke fC kpo lku|oh `q xjo kppawke| ig xjo xpkm|faxxoh
kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo|% po|~olxawoeq- Xjo pok|im gip xja| xof~opkxupo hpi~
po|uexamb gpif |jilc lif~po||aim a| xjkx xjo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx ig Jo AA a| mobkxawo
am xja| xof~opkxupo pkmbo- Kmh xjo |u`|o{uomx ekpbo |~acq xof~opkxupo pka|o a| xjo xjopfke
|jilc rkwo amhuloh `q xjo |xo~ra|o xof~opkxupo pa|o mokp xjo gpoo |upgklo timo po|uexamb gpif
xjo bk|hqmkfal |jilc rkwo af~ambofomx- Xjo xof~opkxupo hpi~ lku|oh `q lif~po||aim kmh
xjo oza|xomlo ig k xjopfke |jilc rkwo a| ~olueakp xi Jo AA-
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
?-0 Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh `q Lif~po||aim \jilcRkwo
?-0-; Xq~alke Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh `q Lif~po||aim \jilc
Rkwo
Xjopo kpo |ifo foxjih| xi lku|o xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim |ulj k| K 6 jokxamb S02V% @ 6
liieamb S0:%01V kmh L 6 ~po||upatkxaim k| |ubbo|xoh am Gabupo ?-0- Am xjo ~po|omx |xuhq% xjo
~po||upatkxaim `q |jilc lif~po||aim a| k~~eaoh xi amhulo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim gpif Jo AA xi Jo A
S;?V-
Gabupo| ?-< *k!&*`! |jir wkpaiu| xq~o| ig xof~opkxupo ja|xipao| amhuloh `q xjo amlahomx
kmh pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo|- Xjo amaxake |xkxo ig xjo lk|o| *k! kmh *`&;!&*`&
kee Jo AA- Xjo xpklo *k! a| xjo po|uex ig |jilc lif~po||aim raxjiux xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim% kmh
xjo xpklo| *`&;! xjpiubj *`&
amaxake |xkxo ig xjo lk|o| *l! kmh *h! kpo Jo A% kmh xju| xjo |jilc lif~po||aim a| mowop
kllif~kmaoh raxj xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim-
Ax a| |oom am xjo xpklo *k! gip xjo lk|o ig amaxake xof~opkxupo ig X; 6 ;-1? C xjkx xri
|jkp~ xof~opkxupo hpi~| kpo amhuloh `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc
rkwo|- K| fomxaimoh k`iwo% xja| ~jomifomim a| ~olueakp xi Jo AA `olku|o xjo xjopfke
oz~km|aim lioggalaomx ig Jo AA a| mobkxawo umhop xjo limhaxaim| k| |oom am Gabupo ?-8- Xju|% xjo
xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim ig xjo xpklo *k! amhalkxo| xjkx Jo AA pofkam| Jo AA raxjiux xjo &~jk|o
xpkm|axaim `ojamh xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo|-
Kexjiubj xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig xjo lk|o| *`&;!&*`&
xjo &xof~opkxupo% xjo xof~opkxupo `ojamh xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim
|jilc rkwo| haggop| ho~omhamb im xjo |jilc |xpombxj- Xjo ~jq|alke |xkxo| kx xjo rkwo gpimx
ig `ixj xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo| kpo |jirm im xjo ~jk|o
hakbpkf ig joeauf&8 am Gabupo ?-?% rjopo xjo topi lpi||amb wkeuo ig xjo xjopfke oz~km|aimlioggalaomx kmh xjo &eamo kpo ke|i hpkrm- Xjo lioggalaomx a| mobkxawo am xjo eirop xof~opkxupo
pobaim kmh ~i|axawo am xjo jabjop xof~opkxupo pobaim- Ax a| |oom gpif Gabupo ?-? xjkx xjo
~jq|alke |xkxo kx xjo rkwo gpimx ig k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo fkq `o im oaxjop |aho
ig xjo &eamo- Xjo wopq pk~ah xof~opkxupo pa|o k`iwo xjo &eamo |ubbo|x| xjkx &~jk|o
xpkm|axaim illup| am {uaxo k |jipx xafo owom umhop jabjeq xpkm|aomx lif~po||aim- Lim|ahopamb
xjo gklx xjkx xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim a| k camh ig xjo |olimh iphop ~jk|o xpkm|axaim xjkx hio| mix
k||ilakxo raxj ekxomx jokx% xja| jabjeq xpkm|aomx ~jk|o xpkm|axaim fkq pok|imk`eq illup am pokeaxq-
Am xjo lk|o ig *`&;! xjo lif~po||aim `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo hi mix po|uex
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
am lpi||amb xjo &xpkm|axaim eamo% kmh xjom xjo pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo lku|o| lif~po||aim
lpi||amb xjo &eamo- Xju|% xjo gap|x xof~opkxupo duf~ a| mobkxawo kmh xjo |olimh imo a|
~i|axawo- Jirowop% am xjo lk|o ig *`&0! pkxjop lif~ealkxoh lif~po||aim xiic ~eklo- Am xjookpeq |xkbo ig |jilc lif~po||aim `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh |jilc rkwo xjo ~jq|alke |xkxo rk| |xaee am
Jo AA% `ux am xjo ekxxop jkeg ig xjo lif~po||aim ax ljkmbo| xi Jo A k| owahomx gpif xjo
xof~opkxupo pa|o- Ig liup|o% xjo |olimh lif~po|| `q xjo pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo lku|oh
xof~opkxupo pa|o- Xjo xpklo *`&
xpkm|faxxoh kmh pogeolxoh |jilc lif~po||aim|- Xjo|o| xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim| amhalkxo xjkx
xjo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx a| ~i|axawo kepokhq kx xjo gap|x |jilc lif~po||aim% xjkx a| xi
|kq% xjo fohauf a| mi eimbop Jo AA ux a| limwopxoh xi Jo A- Am |uffkpq% ax a| giumh xjkx xjopo
kpo |owopke ~kxxopm| ig lif~po||oh |xkxo| `ojamh xjo |jilc lif~po||aim `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh
pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo|-
Xjo xpklo| *l! kmh *h! |jir xjo xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim| gip xjo lk|o ig amaxake
xof~opkxupo 0-0> C kmh 0- C xjkx a| am xjo xof~opkxupo hifkam ig Jo A% po|~olxawoeq- Xjo
xpklo| kpo `k|alkeeq k mkxupke ~kxxopm ig xri xof~opkxupo pa|o| `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh pogeolxoh
lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo| am Jo AA `olku|o xjo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx a| ~i|axawo am xja|
xof~opkxupo pkmbo- @ux am hoxkae |ifo ~olueakp `ojkwaip fu|x `o ~iamxoh iux- Ax a| xjo ekpbo
xof~opkxupo hpi~ affohakxoeq kgxop xjo |jilc lif~po||aim|- Jirowop% ax a| |xaee km i~om
{uo|xaim kmh fipo hoxkaeoh oz~opafomx| kpo moohoh xi amwo|xabkxo xjo ~pi`eof-
?-0-0 Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh `q Xpkm|faxxoh Lif~po||aim \jilc
Rkwo
Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai% Xxp)X;% amhuloh `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc
rkwo am Jo AA kpo ~eixxoh kbkam|x xjo ~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^xp)^; am Gabupo| ?-7 *k! kmh *`!-
Xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; am Gabupo ?-7 *k! kpo ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1?% kmh 0->? C- Am
Cjkekxmaciw| xjoipq S0>V gip Jo AA% xjo xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim Xxp lku|oh `q xjo |jilclif~po||aim ~pilo|| a| k~~pizafkxoh xi `o topi% xjkx a|% xjo lif~po||aim `q k |jilc rkwo am
Jo AA a| pobkphoh k| km a|ixjopfke ~pilo||- Jirowop% xjo oz~opafomxke xof~opkxupo hkxk
amhalkxo xjkx gamaxo xof~opkxupo hpi~ rk| amhuloh `q xjo |jilc lif~po||aim ~pilo|| k| |oom
Gabupo ?-< *k!- Ax po|uex| gpif xjo mobkxawo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx xjkx a| imo ig xjo
~olueakp ljkpklxopa|xal| ig Jo AA- Gip xjo lk|o| ig amaxake xof~opkxupo| ~po|omxoh am Gabupo ?-7
*k!% xjo fkbmaxuho ig xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ amlpok|o| raxj xjo ~po||upo duf~ kmh xjo
xof~opkxupo hpi~ hkxk roee liamlaho raxj xjo a|omxpi~o-
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
Gabupo ?-7 *`! |jir| xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ hkxk am xjo lk|o| ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo|
kx 0-;? C ig Jo AA lei|o xi xjo &xof~opkxupo% 0-0> C ig Jo A ke|i lei|o xi xjo &xof~opkxupo
kmh 0- C ig Jo A- Ax a| |oom gpif xja| Gabupo xjkx am xjo lk|o| ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig0-0> C% 0- C xjo xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim ke|i gieeir| xjo a|omxpi~al ~pilo||% `ux xjo lk|o ig
xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo ig 0-;? C hio| mix- Xjo oz~opafomxke hkxk ~iamx| gip xjo amaxake
xof~opkxupo ig 0-;? C howakxo u~rkph gpif xjo a|omxpi~o kx xjo wkeuo| ig xjo xof~opkxupo
duf~ pkxai% Xxp)X; ekpbop xjkm ?>- Xjo amleamkxaim ig xjo a|omxpi~o ljkmbo| xi ~i|axawo
kpiumh ^xp)X; 6 0?>% `ux xjkx ig xjo oz~opafomxke hkxk ljkmbo| xi ~i|axawo kx gkp |fkeeop
~po||upo duf~ pkxai xjkm xjkx gip xjo a|omxpi~o- Xja| po|uex fokm| xjkx |ifo omxpi~q
~pihulxaim illup| k| xjo ~po||upo pa|o% xjkx a| xjo |xpombxj ig lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo
`olifo| ekpbo- Xjo pok|im gip xjo ozlo|| xof~opkxupo pa|o lkm `o kxxpa`uxoh xi xjo &~jk|o
xpkm|axaim gpif Jo AA xi Jo A amhuloh `q k |jilc lif~po||aim ~pilo||- Am iphop xi xja|
~jomifomim am fipo hoxkae% xjo ~po||upo kmh xjo xof~opkxupo wkeuo| kx oklj xpkm|faxxoh |jilc
gpimx raxj xjo |kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo kpo ~eixxoh im xjo ^&X hakbpkf am xjo lk|o| ig xjo
amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1?% 0->?% 0-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C am Gabupo ?-2% xiboxjop
raxj xjo &eamo kmh xjo a|omxpi~o| ig ea{uah joeauf lippo|~imhamb xi oklj amaxake xof~opkxupo-
Ax a| cmirm xjkx xjo a|omxpi~o kefi|x kbpoo| raxj xjo |jilc khak`kxal lupwo umhop iup
oz~opafomxke limhaxaim SV% rjopo xjo |jilc rkwo| kpo mix |i |xpimb- Ax a| |oom gpif xja|
po|uex xjkx xjo oz~opafomxke hkxk ozlo~x xji|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo 0-;? C xjkx lpi||o| xjo
&eamo kbpoo raxj xjo a|omxpi~o|- Ax fkq `o% xju|% limleuhoh xjkx xjo omxpi~q ~pihulxaim
illup| mokp xjo &eamo am xjo klxuke ~jomifomim- Ax a| ke|i giumh xjkx xjo xafo ~opaih rjom
xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim gpif Jo AA xi Jo A xkco| ~eklo a| |jipxop xjkm xjkx ig xjo ~po||upo duf~-
?-0-< Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim Amhuloh `q Pogeolxoh Lif~po||aim \jilc
Rkwo
Gabupo| ?-: *k! kmh *`! |jir xjkx xjo hkxk ig xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai% Xpo)X;%amhuloh `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo kpo ~eixxoh kbkam|x xjo ~po||upo duf~ pkxai
^po)^; am `ixj Jo A kmh Jo AA gip |owopke amaxake xof~opkxupo|- Xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo% X;% kmh
xjo ~po||upo kpo u|oh gip xjo mipfkeatkxaim- Xjo hogamaxaim| igXpo kmh ^po kpo |jirm
am Gabupo ?-1- Am Gabupo| ?-: *k! kmh *`!% a|omxpi~o| lippo|~imhamb xi xjo amaxake limhaxaim ig
oklj oz~opafomx kpo ke|i ~eixxoh xiboxjop raxj xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw| k~~pizafkxaim-
Xjo oz~opafomxke hkxk ~iamx| ozlo~x xji|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo ig 0-;? C% wopq lei|o xi
xjo &xof~opkxupo% kbpoo raxj xjo a|omxpi~o|- Ax |oof| xjkx xjo po|uex a| {uaxo mkxupke duhbamb
gpif xjo |kfo po|uex bawom am Gabupo| ?-7 *k! kmh *`!- Gip xjo lk|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo%
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
0-;? C% xjo omxpi~q ~pihulxaim illup| am limhaxaim raxj xjo &~jk|o xpkm|axaim lku|oh `q
|jilc rkwo lif~po||aim% rjopo xjo |xkxo ig ea{uah joeauf `ogipo xjo polif~po||aim `q xjo
pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo a| Jo A- Xju|% xjo polif~po||aim lku|o| xof~opkxupo pa|o- Ax a| |oomgpif Gabupo ?-: *`! xjkx xjo fkbmaxuho ig xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ amlpok|o| |eabjxeq raxj xjo
~po||upo pa|o-
Gabupo| ?-;> *k! kmh *`! kpo xjo |afaekp hkxk ~eix xi Gabupo| ?-: *k! kmh *`!- Xjo
xof~opkxupo kmh ~po||upo haggopomlo|% XPO kmh ^PO% gip k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc
rkwo kpo haggopomxeq hogamoh gpif xji|o am Gabupo ?-1% k| aeeu|xpkxoh am Gabupo ?-;;- Ag xjo
wkpakxaim ig xjo |xkxo gieeir| km a|omxpi~o xjpiubj rjieo xjo ~pilo|| lif~i|oh ig xri |jilc
lif~po||aim| `q k xpkm|faxxoh kmh pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo| kmh fipo bpkhuke `ux ekpbo |lkeo
wkpakxaim am `oxroom% `ixj xjo ~pilo|| ig xjo polif~po||aim `q xjo pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo kmh
ig xjo ekpbo |lkeo wkpakxaim am `oxroom lkm `o pobkphoh xi `oeeir km a|omxpi~o ~pilo||- @ux%
Gabupo| ?-;> *k! kmh *`! amhalkxo xjo ~pilo|| `oxroom xjo xri |jilc lif~po||aim| a| mix km
a|omxpi~al imo- Ax a| owahomx gpif Gabupo| ?-7 *k!% *`! kmh ?-: *k!% *`! xjkx `ixj xjo |jilc
lif~po||aim ~pilo||o| lku|oh `q k xpkm|faxxoh kmh k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo kpo
kefi|x a|omxpi~al imo| ozlo~x xjo lk|o| ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo mokp xjo &xof~opkxupo-
Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai% Xxp)X;% amhuloh `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo am
`ixj Jo A kmh Jo AA gip |owopke amaxake xof~opkxupo| kpo ~eixxoh kbkam|x xjo ~po||upo duf~ pkxai
^po)^; amhuloh `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo am Gabupo| ?-;0 *k! kmh *`!- Oklj
a|omxpi~o lippo|~imh| xjo wkeuo ig xjo amaxake limhaxaim| am xjo|o oz~opafomx|- Ax a| |oom gpif
xjo|o Gabupo| xjkx xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ `q xjo pogeolxoh |jilc rkwo lkm `o ~pohalxoh gpif xjo
~po||upo pka|o `q xjo xpkm|faxxoh |jilc rkwo am xjo lk|o raxjiux xjo & ~jk|o xpkm|axaim-
Xjo ~po||upo kmh xjo xof~opkxupo wkeuo| kx oklj pogeolxoh |jilc gpimx raxj xjo |kxupkxoh
wk~ip ~po||upo eamo kpo ~eixxoh im xjo ^&X hakbpkf am xjo lk|o| ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6
;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1?% 0->?% 0-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C am Gabupo ?-;? C kefi|x kbpoo raxj xjo a|omxpi~o|% xjiubj hkxk
|lkxxopamb a| mix |uggalaomxeq |fkee- Im xjo ixjop jkmh% am xjo lk|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo|
0-;?% 0-0>% kmh 0- C% xjo hkxk howakxo| bpokxeq gpif xjo a|omxpi~o|- Ax a| |oom gpif xja|po|uex xjkx xjo oz~opafomxke hkxk ozlo~x xji|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo 0-;? C xjkx lpi||o| xjo
&eamo kmh xji|o ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| 0-0> kmh 0- C ig Jo A kbpoo raxj xjo a|omxpi~o|-
Ax fkq `o% xju|% limleuhoh xjkx xjo omxpi~q ~pihulxaim illup| mokp xjo &eamo am xjo klxuke
~jomifomim gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo 0-;? C- Xjo xof~opkxupo hpi~ `ojamh xjo
xof~opkxupo pa|o amhuloh `q xjo lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo xjkx lim|ahopoh k| k lku|o gip xjo
lk|o| ig xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo 0-0> kmh 0- C ig Jo A a| |xaee km i~om {uo|xaim kmh fipo
hoxkaeoh oz~opafomx| kpo moohoh xi amwo|xabkxo xjo ~pi`eof-
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LJK^XOP ?
PO\_EX\ KMH HA\L_\\AIM
?-0-8 Poekxaim `oxroom Xof~opkxupo Wkpakxaim| Amhuloh `q Xpkm|faxxoh
kmh Pogeolxoh Lif~po||aim \jilc Rkwo
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GAB_PO\
&0>
&;?
&;>
&?
>
?
;>
;-8 ;-? ;-7 ;-2 ;-: ;-1 0 0-;
\-W-^
Lioggalomx
Xof~opkxupo SCV
Gabupo 0-1 Wkpakxaim ig xjo mim&eamokpaxq lioggalaomx raxj xjo xof~opkxupo kx
|kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo-
& ?< &
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8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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GAB_PO\
Gazoh mipfke |jilc rkwo
Fiwamb mipfke |jilc rkwo
Xjam&limxpie wieufo
*k! Gazoh liiphamkxo |q|xof
Xjam&limxpie wieufo
*`! Fiwamb liiphamkxo |q|xof
Hirm|xpokf _~|xpokf
_| & u0 _| & u;
Hirm|xpokf _~|xpokf
u0 _| u;
Gabupo
-
8/3/2019 Kazuyoshi Yanaka- Experimental Study of Thermal Behavior in Liquid Helium Induced by Gasdynamic Shock Wave I
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GAB_PO\
Jabj&~po||upo Eir&~po||upo xu`oljkf`op
*k!
*`!
*l!
*h!
*o!
*g!
^8 ^;X8 X;8 ;
Oz~km|aim gkm
x
>
Limxklx|upgklo
\jilcrkwo
z
x;
w
z
w;
w0w ff
Lpqi|xkx
Eir&~po||upo xu`o
Jabj&~po||upo ljkf`op
Wa|ukeatkxaim ramhir|
Gabupo 8-; \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig xjo |u~opgeuah |jilc xu`o gklaeaxq-
& ?7 &
-
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GAB_PO\
Gabupo 8-0 ^jixibpk~j ig xjo |u~opgeuah |jilc xu`o gklaeaxq-
& ?2 &
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GAB_PO\
Jabj&~po||upo ljkf`op
Eir&~po||upo xu`o
FI&~a|xim
Fkam&ljkf`op
\u`&~a|xim
\u`&ljkf`op
FI&wkewo
Joeauf bk|
Gabupo 8-< \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig xjo jabj&~po||upo hpawop |olxaim-
& ?: &
-
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GAB_PO\
Jabj&~po||upo ljkf`op @uggop xkmc
Pkhakxaim |jaoeh
Wa|ukeatkxaimramhir|
^po||upoxpkm|hulop|
Ea{uah maxpibom
xkmc
K
@
L
4 ff
Gabupo 8-8 \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig xjo eir&~po||upo xu`o |olxaim-
& ?1 &
-
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GAB_PO\
Gabupo 8-? ^jixibpk~j ig xjo lpqibomal |jilc xu`o |olxaim-
& 7> &
-
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GAB_PO\
Wa|ukeatkxaim
ramhir|
\u~oplimhulxawoxof~opkxupo |om|ip
^po||upo xpkm|hulop L
Omh rkee
Gabupo 8-7 \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig xjo xo|x |olxaim-
& 7; &
-
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GAB_PO\
Gabupo 8-2 ^jixibpk~j ig xjo xo|x |olxaim-
& 70 &
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GAB_PO\
Wkluuf ^uf~
Ea{uah Maxpibom
Pkhakxaim \jaoeh|
Lpqibomal
\jilc Xu`o
Wa|ukeatkxaim
Ramhir|
^po||upo Xpkm|hulop|
Gabupo 8-: \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig xjo Lpqi|xkx \olxaim-
& 7< &
-
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GAB_PO\
Xof~opkxupoXl
*`! Xjo xq~o AA |u~oplimhulxip
Po|
a|xaw
axq
Xof~opkxupoXl
*k! Xjo xq~o A |u~oplimhulxip
Po|
a|xa
waxq
Gabupo 8-1 Xjo po|a|xawaxq wkpakxaim| raxj xof~opkxupo ig xq~o A kmh
xq~o AA |u~oplimhulxip- Xl a| xjo lpaxalke xof~opkxupo-
& 78 &
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GAB_PO\
[ukpxt ga`op
8>f
Ku
\m
Omekpboh |om|amb oeofomx fkho ig wkluuf ho~i|axohbieh&xam xjam gaef im 8>f hakfoxop-
0
;>>>
Foxke mooheo|
\ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig k |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip-
& 7? &
-
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GAB_PO\
Gabupo 8-;; ^jixibpk~j ig xjo |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip-
& 77 &
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GAB_PO\
Gabupo 8-;0 ^jixibpk~j ig xjo ~aoti&oeolxpal ~po||upo xpkm|hulop-
& 72 &
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GAB_PO\
^po|
|upoS>-;F^k)hawV
Xof~opkxupoS>->;
C)hawV
Xafo S>-? f|ol)hawV
Gpoo |upgklo
*k!
*`!
*l!
Gabupo ?-; Xq~alke ~po||upo kmh xof~opkxupo ja|xipao| amhuloh `q bk|hqmkfal
|jilc rkwo af~ambofomx imxi wk~ip&Jo AA gpoo |upgklo- *k! ^po||upo wkpakxaim
am joeauf wk~ip hoxolxoh `q xjo ~po||upo xpkm|hulop @% *`! ^po||upo wkpakxaim am
Jo AA hoxolxoh `q xjo ~po||upo xpkm|hulop L% *l! Xof~opkxupo wkpakxaim am Jo AA
hoxolxoh `q xjo |u~oplimhulxawo xof~opkxupo |om|ip- Amaxake xof~opkxupo a|
;-1?C- ^8 6 ??0 c^k% ^; 6 0-28 c^k-
& 7: &
-
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GAB_PO\
>->>;
>->;
>-;
;
;>
; ;
Xof~opkxupo SCV
\ieah Jo
Jo AA
&eamo
Jo A Lpaxalke ~iamx*?-0>;C% >-002F^k!
Jo Bk|
&~iamx*0-;22C% >->>?F^k!
K
@
L
Gabupo ?-0 \ljofkxal aeeu|xpkxaim ig wkpaiu| foxjih| xi amhulo &~jk|o
xpkm|axaim- K4&~jk|o xpkm|axaim `q jokxamb% @4&~jk|o xpkm|axaim `q liieambkeimb xjo |kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo% L4&~jk|o xpkm|axaim `q |jilc lif~po||aim-
>
V
oSF^k
up
|
^
pop|
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GAB_PO\
;-1
;-10
;-18
;-17
;-1:
0
Xof~opkxupoSCV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
*k!
0-;
0-;0
0-;8
0-;7
0-;:
0-0
Xof~opkxupoSCV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
*`&;!
0-;
0-;0
0-;8
0-;7
0-;:
0-0
Xof~opkxupoSCV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
*`&0!
0-;
0-;0
0-;8
0-;7
0-;:
0-0
0-00
Xof~opkxupoSCV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
*`&
0-;8
0-;7
0-;:
0-0
0-00
0-08
Xof~opkxupoSCV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
*l!
0-;?
0-0
0-0?
0--0
&>-;?
&>-;
&>->?
>
>->?
>-;
>-;?
;-: ;-1 0 0-; 0-0 0-< 0-8
\-W-^>--?F^k;->F^k
XjopfkeOz~km|aimLioggalaomx
Xof~opkxupo SCV
Gabupo ?-8 Xof~opkxupo ho~omhomlo ig xjo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx ig ea{uah
joeauf kx giup ~po||upo|% |kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo% >-< F^k% >-? F^k kmh ;->F^k-
& 2; &
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GAB_PO\
^po||upoSF^kV
>->;
>-;
;
0-;8 0-;? 0-;7 0-;2 0-;: 0-;1
Xof~opkxupo SCV
Jo Bk|
Jo AA
&eamo
&~iamx
Jo A
^i|axawoMobkxawo
*`&0!
*`&;! *`&
Gabupo ?-? Xjo ~jq|alke |xkxo| kx xjo rkwo gpimx ig `ixj xjo xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo
pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo| kpo |jirm im xjo ~jk|o hakbpkf ig joeauf&8%rjopo xjo topi lpi||amb wkeuo *`euo eamo! ig xjo xjopfke oz~km|aim lioggalaomx kmh xjo
&eamo kpo ke|i hpkrm- Kexjiubj xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig xjo lk|o| *`&;! & *`&
kpo kee 0-;? C k eaxxeo `oeir xjo &xof~opkxupo% xjo xof~opkxupo `ojamh xjo
xpkm|faxxoh kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo| haggop| ho~omhamb im xjo |jilc
|xpombxj- I~om k mh lei|oh lapleo amhalkxo |xkxo| kx xjo rkwo gpimx ig xjo xpkm|faxxoh
kmh xjo pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo% po|~olxawoeq-
& 20 &
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GAB_PO\
&>->0
&>->;?
&>->;
&>->>?
>
>->>?
>->;
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?>
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!A|omxpi~o *0->?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-2?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-:?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-1?C!Oz~- Hkxk *0->?C!
Xof
~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
xp)X
;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai^xp)^
;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*k!
&>->->0
&>->;
>
>->;
>->0
>->->8
>->?
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-;?C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-0>C!Oz~- Hkxk *0-C!
Xof~opkxupoduf~pkxaiXxp
)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^xp)^
;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*`!
Gabupo ?-7 *k! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xxp)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo polif~po||aim
`q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim ig ~po||upo duf~ pkxai
^xp)^; gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1? kmh 0->? C- Xjo |ieah eamo|
kpo xjo a|omxpi~o| kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim- *`! Xjo xof~opkxupo
uf~ pkxai Xxp)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo polif~po||aim `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim
|jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim ig ~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^xp)^; gip xjo amaxake
xof~opkxupo| X; 60-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C- Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o kmh xjo
po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim-
& 2< &
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GAB_PO\
>->
>-0
>-8
>-7
>-:
;->
;-2 ;-: ;-1 0-> 0-; 0-0 0-< 0-8 0-? 0-7
\-W-^
Ekf`hk& eamo
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!
A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!
A|omxpi~o *0->?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!
A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-2?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-:?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-1?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0->?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-;?C!Oz~- Hkxk*0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-C!
Xof~opkxupo SCV
Gabupo ?-2 ^eix ig xjo ~po||upo kmh xof~opkxupo kx k rkwo gpimx ig xpkm|faxxoh
lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo gip gawo lk|o| ig amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig Jo AA kmh xri
lk|o| ig amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig Jo A- Xjo xjalc |ieah eamo kmh xjo hk|joh eamo
amhalkxo xjo |kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo kmh xjo ekf`hk eamo% po|~olxawoeq-
Xjo xjam |ieah eamo| amhalkxo xjo a|omxpi~o| |xkpxamb gpif oklj amaxake |xkxo im xjo
|kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo-
V
F^k
poS
|u o|
^p
& 28 &
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GAB_PO\
&>->0
&>->;?
&>->;
&>->>?
>
>->>?
>->;
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?>
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!A|omxpi~o *0->?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-2?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-:?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-1?C!Oz~- Hkxk *0->?C!
Xof~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
po)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^po
)^;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*k!
&>->0
>
>->0
>->8
>->7
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!
A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-;?C!Oz~- Hkxk *0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-C!
Xof~opkxupoduf~
pkxaiX
po)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^po
)^;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim*`!
Gabupo ?-: *k! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xpo)X; po|uexamb gpif xjopolif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim i
~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^po)^; gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1?% 0->?
C- Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o| kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"|
k~~pizafkxaim- *`! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xpo)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo
polif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim i
~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^po)^; gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 60-;?% 0-0>% 0- C-
Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o| kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim-
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GAB_PO\
^po
||upoS>-;F^k)hawV
Xof~opkxupoS>->0C
)hawV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
Xpo
^po
Gabupo ?-1 Xjo hogamaxaim| igXpo kmh ^po-
& 27 &
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GAB_PO\
&>->->0
&>->;
>
>->;
>->0
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!
A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!A|omxpi~o *0->?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-2?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-:?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-1?C!Oz~- Hkxk *0->?C!
Xof
~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
PO
)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^PO
)^;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*k!
&>->8
&>->0
>
>->0
>->8
>->7
>->:
>-;
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!
A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-;?C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-C!
Xof~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
PO
)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^PO
)^;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*`!
Gabupo ?-;> *k! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai XPO)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo
polif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim i
~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^PO)^; gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1? kmh
0->? C- Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o| kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"|
k~~pizafkxaim- *`! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai XPO)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo
polif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim i
~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^PO)^; gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 60-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C-
Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o| kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim-
& 22 &
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GAB_PO\
^po||
upoS>-;F^k)hawV
Xof~opkxupoS>->0C)hawV
Xafo S>-0 f|ol)hawV
XPO
^PO
Gabupo ?-;; Xjo hogamaxaim| igXPO kmh ^PO-
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GAB_PO\
& 21 &
&>->0
&>->;?
&>->;
&>->>?
>
>->>?
>->;
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!
A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!
A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!
A|omxpi~o *0->?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-2?C!Oz~- Hkxk *;-:?C!
Oz~- Hkxk *;-1?C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0->?C!
Xof
~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
po)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^xp)^
;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*k!
&>->0
>
>->0
>->8
>->7
> ?> ;>> ;?> 0>> 0?> >
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!
A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-;?C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk *0-C!
Xof~opkxupoduf~pkxaiX
po)X;
^po||upo duf~ pkxai ^xp)^
;
Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim
*`!
Gabupo ?-;0 *k! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xpo)X; po|uexamb gpif xjo polif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim ig ~po||upo duf~ pkxai
^po)^; po|uexamb gpif xjo polif~po||aim `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo gip xjo
amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?% ;-1? kmh 0->? C- Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o|
kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim- *`! Xjo xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xpo)X;
po|uexamb gpif xjo polif~po||aim `q k pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k
gumlxaim ig ~po||upo duf~ pkxai ^po)^; lku|oh `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo
gip xjo amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 60-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C- Xjo |ieah eamo| kpo xjo a|omxpi~o|
kmh xjo po|uex ig Cjkekxmaciw"| k~~pizafkxaim-
-
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GAB_PO\
>
>-0
>-8
>-7
>-:
;
;-0
;-8
;-7
;-: 0-> 0-0 0-8 0-7
\-W-^
Ekf`hk& eamo
A|omxpi~o *;-2?C!
A|omxpi~o *;-:?C!A|omxpi~o *;-1?C!
A|omxpi~o *0->?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-;?C!
A|omxpi~o *0-0>C!
A|omxpi~o *0-C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-2?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-:?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-1?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0->?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-;?C!Oz~- Hkxk*0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-C!
^po||upoSF^kV
Xof~opkxupo SCV
Gabupo ?-;< ^eix ig xjo ~po||upo kmh xof~opkxupo kx k rkwo gpimx ig pogeolxoh
lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo gip gawo lk|o| ig amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig Jo AA kmh xri
lk|o| ig amaxake xof~opkxupo| ig Jo A- Xjo xjalc |ieah eamo kmh xjo hk|joh eamoamhalkxo xjo |kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo kmh xjo ekf`hk eamo% po|~olxawoeq- Xjo
xjam |ieah eamo| amhalkxo xjo a|omxpi~o| |xkpxamb gpif oklj amaxake |xkxo im xjo
|kxupkxoh wk~ip ~po||upo eamo-
& :> &
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GAB_PO\
&>->;8
&>->;0
&>->;
&>->>:
&>->>7
&>->>8
&>->>0
>
&>->;8 &>->;0 &>->; &>->>: &>->>7 &>->>8 &>->>0 >
Oz~- Hkxk*;-2?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-:?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*;-1?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0->?C!
X
po)X
;
Xxp)X
;
*k!
&>->;
>
>->;
>->0
>->->8
>->?
>->7
&>->; > >->; >->0 >->< >->8 >->? >->7
Oz~- Hkxk*0-;?C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-0>C!
Oz~- Hkxk*0-C!
X
po)X
;
Xxp)X
;
*`!
Gabupo ?-;8 Xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai Xpo)X; amhuloh `q k pogeolxoh
lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo ~eixxoh k| k gumlxaim ig xof~opkxupo duf~ pkxai
Xxp)X; amhuloh `q k xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo- \ieah eamo
oz~po|| Xpo)X; 6 Xxp)X;- *k! Amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 ;-2?% ;-:?%;-1?
kmh 0->? C- *`! Amaxake xof~opkxupo| X; 6 0-;?% 0-0> kmh 0- C-
& :; &
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GAB_PO\
X
;
;->>;
;->>0
;->>>8
;->>?
; ;-0 ;-8 ;-7 ;-: 0
po)X
xp
\ijlc Fklj muf`op
Gabupo ?-;? Ho~omhomlo ig Xpo)Xxp im |jilc Fklj muf`op- Xxp a| xof~opkxupo
`ojamh xpkm|faxxoh lif~po||aim |jilc rkwo kmh Xpo a| xof~opkxupo `ojamh
pogeolxoh lif~po||aim |jilc-
& :0 &
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GAB_PO\
&>--0?
&>-0
&>-;?
&>-;
&>->?