kathy sheriff, rn, bsnapplications of therapeutic services
TRANSCRIPT
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Skeletal System
Kathy Sheriff, RN, BSN Applications of Therapeutic Services
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Functions
Framework and Support Protection Blood Cell Production or
Hematopoiesis Mineral (Calcium and
Phosphorus)and Growth Factor Storage
Movement *Sound Transduction Triglyceride Storage *Detoxification
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Cartilage
CHARACTERISTICS
Hyaline—frosted glass
Elastic—stretchy
Fibrocartilage—highly compressible, strong
EXAMPLES
Ends of bones, ribs—sternum, nose, and larynx
Ear and epiglottis
Knee and vertebrae
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206 (270) Bones: Axial and Appendicular
Long axis Skull Vertebral Column
(7,12,5) Rib cage (12-
7/3/2) Three main
functions: Protection Support Carrying body parts
Upper and lower limbs
Girdles Two functions:
Locomotion Interact with the
environment
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Other characteristics
Classified as organs because contain different tissues
Bone markings—look at bones closely, bumps, holes, and ridges
Two types: Projections and Depressions or Cavities
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http://quizlet.com/2915545/bio-210-unit-2-bone-markings-flash-cards/
crest (ex iliac crest)
(projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment)
narrow ridge or bone; usually prominent
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trochanter (the only examples are on the femur)
(projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment) very large, blunt,
irregularly shaped process
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epicondyle (ex medial epicondyle of the
femur)
(projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment) raised area
on or above a condyle
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foramen (ex infraorbital foramen)
(depressions and opening s for
passage of blood vessels and nerves) round or oval opening through a
bone
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sinus (ex sinus in the frontal portion of skull)
bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
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Structure of Long Bone
Shaft--Diaphysis
Bone ends—Epiphyses Epiphyseal Line
Membrane—Endosteum and Periosteum
Red and Yellow Marrow
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Bone Formation and Growth
Skeleton begins as cartilage Ossification
Childhood and adolescence Early adulthood thru middle age After age 35
Anterior pituitary and growth hormone
Dwarfism Giantism Acromegaly
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Bone Remodeling
Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Continuous cycle Regulated by parathyroid hormone,
calcium-regulating hormones, sex hormones—estrogen and adrogen, vitamin D
20% replaced annually
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Joints
Ball and Socket –shoulder and hip Saddle—thumb Hinge—knee, elbow, knuckle Pivot—atlas and axis Gliding—ankle, vertebrae Ellipsoid—wrist
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Pathophysiology
Vitamin D-calcium absorption
Deficiency= Rickets Osteomalacia
Vitamin C-collagen formation (foundation of connective tissue)
Deficiency=Scurvy
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Fractures
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Bone Fracture Repair
Hematoma Formation
Soft Callus Formation
Hard Callus Formation
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Fractures
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