kashafrud river (mashhad) basin gwadi pilot basin facing challenges and problems and short progress...
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Kashafrud River (Mashhad) BasinGWADI PILOT BASIN
Facing Challenges and Problemsand
Short Progress report
Geographical Location of Kashafrod BasinGeographical Location of Kashafrod BasinCatchments Area : 16400 km2Mean annual rainfall : 275 mm
Altitude Max: 3302 Mean: 1328 Min: 390
Total Population in Basin: 3 MillionRenewable water per capita: 370 m3/capita/year
2.5 million population (> 15 million tourists per year)
MashhadMashhad
Mashhad city 1972 Area : 15 km2 , Pop. : 0.55 million
Mashhad city 1986 Area : 50 km2 , Pop. : 1.5 million
Mashhad city 2006 Area : 170 km2 , Pop. : 2.6 million
Population growth in Kashafrud basin
Land Use in Kashafrud River Basin
Land UsePercentage
Mountains17.5
Pasture60
Agriculture22
(Irrigated Lands = 10)
Urban Area0.5
Surface WaterSurface Water
Torogh
Kar
dehArd
ak
Shandiz
Mah
nes
a
Kashafrod
Mean Annual runoff : 250 MCM
Used Water : 205 MCM
Outflow : 45 MCM
Olang-Asadee Hydrometric stationMean Annual Runoff (1967-84) : 44 MCMMean Annual Runoff (1985-02) : 18 MCMMin Annual Runoff : 0 MCMMax Annual Run off : 108 MCM
Pole-Khaton Hydrometric stationMean Annual Runoff (1967-84) : 76 MCMMean Annual Runoff (1985-02) : 44 MCMMin Annual Runoff : 0 MCMMax Annual Run off : 214 MCM
There is no more surface water to control
Kashafrud basin Groundwater Resources
Ground water recharge : 945 MCM/yearGround water exploitation : 1145 MCM/yearGround water deficit : -200 MCM/year
W.L. Drawdown from 1963 to 1973 : 7 m (0.7 m/year)W.L. Drawdown from 1974 to 2002 : 33 m (1.2 m/year)
Mashhad Plain Groundwater Exploitation
1971
Mashhad Plain Groundwater Exploitation
4.6 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation1971
2005
Mashhad Plain Groundwater Exploitation
4.6 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation
2.5 x 109 m3 Over-exploitation
1971
2005
2025
Year 1972Irrigated Area : 100,000 haPercentage of Cereals on crop patterns: 72
Agricultural Development in Kashafrud Basin
Year 1986Irrigated Area : 115,000 haPercentage of Cereals on crop patterns : 66
Agricultural Development in Kashafrud Basin
Year 2006Irrigated Area : 130,000 haPercentage of Cereals on crop patterns : 55
Agricultural Development in Kashafrud Basin
Kashafrud basin water uses in Agriculture
Surface water Use : 190 MCMGroundwater Use : 850 MCMIrrigation efficiency : 45 – 50 %Crop water use : 8000 m3 /ha/year
Total irrigated area : 130000 ha
Cropping pattern : Cereals 55%Orchards 19%Vegetables 21%Industrial crops 5%
Mashhad water supply and future requirement
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Supplied w
ate
r(M
CM
)
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2005 2011 2016 2021
Surface water : 15 MCMGroundwater resources : 220 MCM
Future Inter-Basin Transfer: 150 MCM
Kashafrud basin
water allotmentSurface water resources : 205 MCM
Groundwater resources : 1145 MCM
Agriculture1,040 MCM
(77%)
Industry& Services
75 MCM(6%)
Potable235 MCM
(17%)
Challenges and problemsChallenges and problems
Surface water control : more than 80% (There is no more surface water to control)
Groundwater table drawdown : more than 1 m/year
Land subsidence
Rapid population and water demand growth
Surface and ground water pollution
Sectarian water resource management
The Solution
IWRMWith focus on
Participatory Decision Making
and
Water Demand
Management
Time Stages in IWRM Implementation
Short Term (3 Years)
Crisis Mitigation
Mid Term (5 Years)Environmental degradation control
Long Term (Continuously)
Environmental enhancement and sustainable management of the water resources
CRICESS MITIGATION
Urgent solution for “MASHHAD” water scarce problem
Planning and conducting , IWRM related studies
Establishment of the temporary basin management structure
Initiate stakeholders participatory mechanism on IWRM
Urgent solution for “MASHHAD” water scarce problem
About 30% water scare happened In summer of 2006
More than 100 wells drilled or developed (safe for next five years, till the inter basin water supply project “Doosti” be operational).
Special efforts for closing unregistered water wells.
Planning and conducting , IWRM related studies
A well known consult engineer has nominated.The main items of his scope of work are :
Development of a basin-wide water knowledge database Quantitative and qualitative assessment of existing water resources Evaluating present consumption and future demands, related to different
sectors Water demand management plan Preparing :
– EAP– DSS – Monitoring & Evaluation System
Preparing strategies guidelines for IWRM (Mid & Long Term)
Establishment of a temporary Kashafrud basin management structure
Proposed managing structure:Management Unit
Ministry of Energy Khorasan Water Authority UNESCO Tehran Office
Executive BoardSteering Committee
Technical Advisory Committee Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Consultants
Water Council province State Water Authority company Agriculture Authority organization razavi Water and Wastewater Company Environmental Organization Industry & Mines Organization (NGO) Mashhad City Council (NGO) Farmers House (NGO) Other NGOs
Initiate stakeholders participatory mechanism on IWRM
By Holding Workshops Regarding IWRM Objectives in the Basin:
September 2005 : Introduction to Mashhad basin as an pilot plan
September 2007: Mashhad basin IWRM and participatory decision mocking
Workshops on IWRM objectives every six month
Key issues for research projects on kashafrud basin
Overall existing irrigation efficiency at basin level
Irrigation water productivity in basin
Thank You
For
Your Attention