kanagawa u

16
腈腒腎腑腂腆腅腄腋腌腐腊腃腏腍腉腇 + ῎ῌ῏῍ 腹膺 sharedness腗腅腆膄腇膴腰膫腜腀腂腹膺膢膎 shared knowledge腹膺膕膳 shared information腙腘腗腅腆膻膂 腛腙腉腖膀膂腱腖腜腨膚腉腣膈膻腎腦腕腋腒腡腛腖腄腥腑腏腕腭膂 腖腜腑腦腊膏膟腮 topicalization腢膅膴膧腩 left-dislocation腗腛腵膾腞腒腜膝膶膋腛膈膻腢膦膖 definiteness腛膹膟腙腘腗腵 膾腏腕膐腤膆膜腎腦腕腋腒腞腒膡臀腗腵膾腏腒腼腸腚腈腅腕腜ana- phoricgivenold 腙腘腗膶膚腧膲腇腕膈膻腎腦腕腋腒膽膉腊腄腥腍腛膽膉腛腳腻腙膙膷腊 Prince +32/ 腚腄腥 +膇腺腖腜腀腂膡臀膮膎 discourse marker膂膻膮膎 prag- matic marker腗腅腆腴膨腉腣膛腌腛膯腾腊膰膘腎腦腑腛膙膷腛腪 膠腚 腹膺腗腅腆腰膫膄腇膴膻膂腊腽腇腬腦腐腥腗腅腆腍腗腚腡 腙腓腕腅腥腏腉腏膊腽腖腜腀腂腹膺腗腅腆腰膫腊膀膂膰膘膀膂腱 腚腈腅腕膍腔膞腋腙腯膬膖腛腲腚腜腑腛膣膸膩腜膥腌腞腒腑腛膁腚 腰膫腊膑膰膗膼腎腦腕腍腙腉腓腒腗腅腆腫膓腊腄腥 ,膵膿膱腜膔膒腛 膂膻膮膎腛腴膨腉腣 腹膺腗腅腆腰膫腧腽膤 腑腍腉腣膀膂腚腵腐腥腄腣腒腙膢腽腧膪腥腒腠腛膌腟腛腝腗腔腗腏 ῍ῌ

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Page 1: Kanagawa U

������ ��� �������

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Page 2: Kanagawa U

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Page 5: Kanagawa U

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Page 6: Kanagawa U

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Page 7: Kanagawa U

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Page 8: Kanagawa U

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Page 9: Kanagawa U

Approximation

Explanation

Quotative you know

“Imagine the scene”

“See the implication”

Reference to shared knowledge

Appeal to understanding

Appeal to acknowledge that the speaker is right

Various �+23����

�������� ����������

�+/�… On the certainty side, you know may be used to “introduce

what s/he regards as incontestable mutual knowledge” or con-

joint knowledge �Holmes +320 : 2�. Even though Östman �+32+�

found that the use of you know does not necessarily mean

that the hearer knows, and even though Biber et al �+333 :

+*11� claim that you know sometimes imparts new informa-

tion, it can also be the case that the information introduced

by you know is indeed known to the hearer �cf. Jucker and

Smith +332 : +3-�. This information may either be knowledge

specifically between speaker and hearer �cf. Stubbe and Hol-

mes +33/ : 03�, or general knowledge �cf. Schiffrin +321 : ,1.�.

�+.2�+.3����

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Page 10: Kanagawa U

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Page 11: Kanagawa U

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