kakia chatsiou modern greek non-restrictive relative clauses 03.10.20086th lac day1 modern greek...

Kakia Chatsiou Modern Greek Non-restrictive Relative Clauses

03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 1

Modern Greek Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses : an LFG analysis

Kakia [email protected]

Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex

This research is funded by the ESRC (award number PTA-031-2004-00112).


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 2

Outline of the talk

• Introduction• Characteristics of NRCs• Distribution of resumption in NRCS

– Resumptive Pronouns– Local Dependencies– Long Distance Dependencies

• A first sketch of an LFG Analysis• Conclusions and Directions for future work


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 3

Introduction

(1)Kim saved the man who loves her. (Restrictive)(2)Kim saved Mark, who loves her. (non-Restrictive)


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 4

Introduction


• NRCs:– can be omitted without (major) loss of information – are normally enclosed between commas (in written

speech) or pauses (in oral speech)


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 5

Introduction


(3)I Kiki esose ton andra pu (tin) agapai. (Restrictive)the Kiki saved the man that her lovesKiki saved the man who loves her.

(4) I Kiki esose to Marko, pu ton/*Ø agapai i Eleni. the Kiki saved the Mark that him loves the EleniKiki saved Mark, whom Eleni love. (non-Restrictive)


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I Kiki esose to Marko, pu t0n/*Ø agapai I Eleni. (non-Restrictive)the Kiki saved the Mark that him loves the EleniKiki saved Mark, whom Eleni loves.

• Similarly to RRCs, NRCs can be introduced by either:– pu (που): [=that] indeclinable complementizer, unmarked for

case, gender and number• Obligatory

Characteristics of NRCs


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I Kiki esose to Marko, ton opi0 ton/*Ø agapai i Eleni. the Kiki saved the Mark.MSG.NOM the.MSG.ACC who.MSG.ACC him loves the EleniKiki saved Mark, whom Eleni loves. (non-Restrictive)

• Similarly to RRCs, NRCs can be introduced by either:– pu (που): [=that] indeclinable complementizer, unmarked for

case, gender and number• Obligatory

– o opios (ο οποίος): [=who] relative pronoun, declinable for case, gender and number.

• agrees in gender and number with the modifying head• gets its case from the grammatical function it fulfils

within the relative clause.• Obligatory



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• The internal NRC internal constituent order is relatively fixed:

pu/o opios (Neg.marker) (RP) V S O

(VSO is the unmarked constituent order of subordinate clauses)


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• NRCs occur after their antecedent


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I Kiki esose to Marko, ton opi0 ton/*Ø agapai i Eleni. the Kiki saved the Mark.MSG.NOM the.MSG.ACC who.MSG.ACC him loves the EleniKiki saved Mark, whom Eleni loves. (non-Restrictive)

• NRCs occur after their antecedent • The antecedent can be

– Nominal (pu, o opios). [resumption available]


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 11


I Kiki esose to Marko, (pragma) pu ekane tin Eleni na zilepsi.

the Kiki saved the Mark (something) that made the Eleni to be.jealousKiki saved Mark, which made Eleni jealous.


– Nominal (pu, o opios). [resumption available]– sentential (pu, o opios). [No resumption]


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 12


I Kiki esose to Marko, (pragma) pu ekane tin Eleni na zilepsi.

the Kiki saved the Mark (something) that made the Eleni to be.jealousKiki saved Mark, which made Eleni jealous.


– Nominal (pu, o opios). [resumption available]– sentential (pu, o opios). [No resumption]

I Kiki esose to Marko, (pragma) to opio ekane tin Eleni na zilepsi.the Kiki saved the Mark (something) the which made the Eleni to be.jealousKiki saved Mark, which made Eleni jealous.


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 13


Avrio, pu tha figis, pare ta klidia su.

Tomorrow that will go.2sg take.2sg the keys your.sgTomorrow when you go, take your keys with you.


– Nominal (pu, o opios). [resumption available]– sentential (pu, o opios). [No resumption]– Adverbial (pu). [No resumption]


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Outline of the talk





03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 15

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) NRCs

• Modern Greek Resumptive pronouns:– Same form as the ordinary weak personal pronouns of

the language (form of the unstressed monosyllabic clitic form of the personal pronoun)

1.pers

2pers

3pers

sg nom - - (tos) (ti) (to)

acc me se ton ti(n) to

gen mu su tu tis tu

pl acc mas sas tus tis ta

gen mas sas tus tis ta


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 16

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) NRCs

• Modern Greek Resumptive pronouns:– Same form as the ordinary weak personal pronouns of

the language (form of the unstressed monosyllabic clitic form of the personal pronoun)

– Fixed position

pu/o opios (Neg.marker) (RP) V S O

1.pers

2pers

3pers

sg nom - - (tos) (ti) (to)

acc me se ton ti(n) to

gen mu su tu tis tu

pl acc mas sas tus tis ta

gen mas sas tus tis ta


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 17

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) pu-NRCs• Local Dependencies ( 0-level of embedding )

Antecedent GF

in main GF of clause pronoun in RC

SUBJ OBJ Ind OBJ

OBJ of PREP

SUBJ gap gap gap gap

OBJ rp rp rp rp

Ind OBJ rp rp rp rp

OBJ of PREP rp rp rp rp

POSSESSIVES rp rp rp rp


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 18

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) pu-NRCs• Long Distance Dependencies ( 1&2-levels of

embedding )Antecedent

GFin main

GF of clause pronoun in RC

SUBJ OBJ Ind OBJ

OBJ of PREP


OBJ rp rp rp rp

Ind OBJ rp rp rp rp

OBJ of PREP rp rp rp rp

POSSESSIVES rp rp rp rp


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 19

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) o opios-NRCs• Local Dependencies ( 0-level of embedding )

Antecedent GF

in main GF of clause pronoun in RC

SUBJ OBJ Ind OBJ

OBJ of PREP


OBJ rp rp rp rp

Ind OBJ gap gap gap gap

OBJ of PREP gap gap gap gap

POSSESSIVES gap gap gap gap


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 20

Distribution of Resumption in (nominal) o opios-NRCs• Long Distance Dependencies ( 1&2-levels of

embedding )Antecedent

GFin main

GF of clause pronoun in RC

SUBJ OBJ Ind OBJ OBJ of PREP


OBJ rp rp rp rp

Ind OBJ

1: rp/gap2: rp

1: gap/?rp

2: ?gap/rp

1: gap/?rp

2: rp

gap/rp

OBJ of PREP gap gap gap gap

POSSESSIVES rp rp gap/rp gap

03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 21


Pu-NRCs

Antecedent GF

SUBJOBJ

Ind OBJ

OBJofPREPPosition

in RCEmbed.

SUBJ

0

gapgap

gap gap1

2

OBJ

0

rp rp rp rp1

2

IO

0

rp rp rp rp1

2

OBJ of PREP

0

rp rp rp rp1

2

POSSESSIVES

0

rp rp rp rp1

2

O opios-NRCs

SUBJ OBJ Ind OBJOBJ

ofPREP

gap gap gap gap

rp rp rp Rp

gap gap gap gap

rp/gap gap/?rp gap/?rpGap/rp

rp ?gap/rp rp

gap gap gap gap

Gap Gap Gap Gap

rp rp Rp/gap gap


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 22

First sketch of an LFG analysis

• Work in progress • captures the distribution of resumption in NRCs• Does not differentiate between RRCs and NRCs

(except for the feature RESTRICTIVE[+,-] on the CP rule

• Have not made my mind on the most suitable place for the CP (NRC) node to attach


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First sketch of an LFG analysis – CP Rule€

CP { ε | { DP | PP }

} C

{ ( TOPIC PRED) = ‘pro’ ( TOPIC PRED) = ‘pro’ =

( COMPFORM) =C pu { ( TOPIC) = ( {COMP* SUBJ | ( ADJUNCT € ) COMP OBJ2 | GFPOSS})

( RESTRICTIVE) = - |{ ( TOPIC) = ( COMP* SUBJ) ( COMP* {OBJ | OBJ2 | GFPOSS} = %nrc-

PATH }| ( RELPRO) = %opios-PATH

( COMP* {OBJ | OBJ2 | {ADJUNCT € | OBL} | ( PRONTYPE) = C REL

GFPOSS}) = %nrc-RELPATH (%opios-PATH NUM) = ( ( ADJUNCT € ) NUM)(%nrc-RELPATH PRONTYPE)= C RP (%opios-PATH GEND) = ( ( ADJUNCT € )

GEND)(%nrc-RELPATH PRED) = ‘pro’ (%opios-PATH PERS) = ( ( ADJUNCT € ) PERS)(%nrc-RELPATH GEND) = ( ( ADJUNCT € ) GEND) ( RESTRICTIVE) = -(%nrc-RELPATH NUM) = ( ( ADJUNCT € ) NUM)(%nrc-RELPATH PERS) = ( ( ADJUNCT € ) PERS) } |(COMP ) }


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 24

Outline of the talk





03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 25

• Presented an overview of the data on Modern Greek Non-restrictive Relative Clauses, and the patterns of occurrence of resumptive pronouns in both local and long distance dependencies

• A sketch of an LFG analysis that captures the distribution of resumption in MG NRCs

• Room for a lot of improvement and consideration of further phenomena


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 26

Conclusions and Directions for future work

• NRCs and subjunctive*Vrike to Yianni pu na kseri ti ora ineFound the John that to know what time is*He found the John that knew what the time was..(restrictive interpretation only)

Vrike ena mathiti pu na kseri ti ora ine.Found a student that to know what time isHe found a student who knew what the time was.


03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 27

Conclusions and Directions for future work

• NRCs and Ellipsis• Relationship between Adverbial NRCs and Free

RCsEki pu piga horepsa…There that went.1sg danced.1sgI danced at the place that I went.

Opu piga horepsa…Whereever went.1sg danced.1sgWherever I went, I danced.

03.10.2008 6th LAC Day 28


Thank you!

kakia chatsiou modern greek non-restrictive relative clauses 03.10.20086th lac day1 modern greek...

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