1Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D 10.January.2012 Tuesday

Axilla-Plexus brachialisShoulder-Arm

Review in 22 Questions

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THE ANATOMYOF AXILLA

IN

8 QUESTIONS

3

1. What is axilla?

An area of transition between neck & arm

Pyramidal space inferior to shoulder, at the junction of the arm and thorax

Distribution center for the neurovascular structures that serve the upper limb

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2. How does the axilla connect with other regions?Superiorly [cervico-axillary canal] neckAnteriorly [clavipectoral triangle] pectoral Inferiorly & laterally limb itselfPosteriorly quadrangular space scapular

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3. How are the 4 walls of axilla formed?

Anterior wall

Medial wall Lateral wall

Posterior wall

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4. What are the 3 gateways in the posterior wall?

Axillary nervePosterior circumflex humeral artery & vein

Circumflex scapular artery & vein

Radial nerve & profunda brachii artery

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5. ...contents of the axilla?

Axillary veinAxillary arteryBrachial plexus

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6. What is axillary artery?

Pectoralis minor12

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superior thoracic artery

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9

7. What is axillary vein?

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8. ...lymphatics in the axilla?

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THE ANATOMYOF BRACHIAL PLEXUS

IN

3 QUESTIONS

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1. What is brachial plexus?

union of the anterior rami of the last 4 cervical (C5-C8) & first thoracic (T1) nerves

union of the anterior rami of the last 4 cervical (C5-C8) & first thoracic (T1) nerves

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2. How is the brachial plexus formed?The parts of the brachial plexus, from medial to lateralroots, trunks, divisions, & cords.

All major nerves that innervate the upper limb originate from the brachial plexus, mostly from the cords

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3. ...the main branches of the brachial plexus?

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THE ANATOMY

IN

5 QUESTIONS

OF SHOULDER

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1. What are the superficial muscles of the shoulder?

The

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2. What are the EXTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES?

Superficialextrinsicshouldermuscles

Deepextrinsicshouldermuscles

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3. What are the INTRINSIC SHOULDER MUSCLES?

X Deltoid

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4. What is rotator cuff?

Form a musculotendinous rotator cuff around the glenohumeral joint.

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5. .... nerves in the posterior scapular region?Suprascapular nerveSupraspinatus muscle & infraspinatus

Axillary nerveDeltoid & teres minor

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THE ANATOMY

IN

6 QUESTIONS

OF ARM

Arm is the region of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow.

The superior aspect of the arm communicates medially with the axilla.

Inferiorly, a number of important structures pass between arm & forearm through cubital fossa, positioned anterior to the elbow joint.

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2. ...muscles of the anterior compartment?Coracobrachialis

innervated predominantly by musculocutaneous nerve.

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

coracoid process of scapula

Supinates forearmFlexes forearm

Flexes forearm in all positions

Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder

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3. ...muscles of the posterior compartment?

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove

posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna fascia of forearm

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4. ...arteries in the arm?Superior ulnar collateral arteryInferior ulnar collateral arteryProfunda brachii artery Nutrient arteries to the humerus

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5. ....veins in the arm?

TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM

basilicaMedial of the two

inside the church

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6. ....nerves in the arm?Median nerve vertically down the medial

side of the arm in the anterior compartment

no major branches in the arm or in the axilla.

Ulnar nervethe most medial side of the arm in the anterior compartment

Musculocutanous nervePasses through the coracobrachialis

emerges laterally to the tendon of the biceps brachii at the elbow

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6. ....nerves in the arm?Radial nerve

Anterior to the lateral epicondyle, divides into: Deep branch (motor)Superficial branch(sensory)

Cutaneous branches inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm