k s hakim "an article written in malayalam on the issue of gender inequality in india"

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32 2013 P\p-hcn- 27 tZim`nam\n hm-cn-I- . Ih¿-kv-t‰m-dn- 2012 Unkw-_¿ 16\v cm{Xn U¬ln \K-c-Øns‚ lrZ- b-`m-KØv HmSns°m≠n-cp∂ _ n¬sh®v _em’w-K- Øn\v hnt[-bbmbn ]n®n-®o-¥-s∏´ tPymXn knMv ]m sfi F∂ s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS Poh≥ Unkw-_¿ 29-\v ]pe¿s® 2.15˛\v s]men-™p-. H∂-c-h¿jw- apºv tIc-f-Øn- sI F-kv l°nw enw-K\o-Xn \n-tj[Øn-s‚ C¥y≥- ]m-T߃- ¬- s{Sbn-\n¬sh®v ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´ kuay F∂ s]¨Ip-´n°p≠mb Zpc-\p-`hw A∂v IrXy-ambn ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-ƒ- dnt∏m¿´v sNbv-X-Xp-sIm≠p- am{Xw Ah¿°v acWm-\-¥cw c‡-km-£n ]cn-thjw Nm¿Øn-°n´nbXpw- Hm¿- t°≠Xp- ≠v.- F∂m¬

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Page 1: K S HAKIM "An article Written in Malayalam On the Issue of Gender Inequality in India"

32 2013 P\p-hcn- 27tZim`nam\n hm-cn-I-

.Ih¿-kv-t‰m-dn-

2012 Unkw-_¿ 16\v cmXn U¬ln \K-c-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`m-KØv HmSns°m≠n-cp∂ _ n¬sh®v _em’w-K-Øn\v hnt[-bbmbn ]n®n-®o-¥-s∏´ tPymXn knMv ]msfi F∂ s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS Poh≥ Unkw-_¿ 29-\v]pe¿s® 2.15˛\v s]men-™p-. H∂-c-h¿jw- apºv tIc-f-Øn-

sI F-kv l°nw

enw-K\o-Xn \n-tj[Øn-s‚ C¥y≥- ]m-T߃-¬- sSbn-\n¬sh®v ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´ kuay F∂s]¨Ip-´n°p≠mb Zpc-\p-`hw A∂v IrXy-ambn]X-am-[y-a-ß-ƒ- dnt∏m¿´v sNbv-X-Xp-sIm≠p- amXwAh¿°v acWm-\-¥cw c‡-km-£n ]cn-thjwNm¿Øn-°n´nbXpw- Hm¿-t°≠Xp-≠v.- F∂m¬

Page 2: K S HAKIM "An article Written in Malayalam On the Issue of Gender Inequality in India"

33 2013 P\p-hcn- 27tZim`nam\n hm-cn-I-

tPymXn-sbbpw kuay-sbbpw t]mse am-[y-a i≤In- msX t]mIp∂_em’wKßfpw ]oU\ia-ßfpw cmPyØv ]Xn∑-SßmsW-∂v- IW-°p-IƒkqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-. C¥y-bn¬-Hmtcm 20 an\n-‰n-epw ]etImWp-I-fn-embn Hcp

s]¨Ip-´n-sb-¶nepw _em’w-K-Øn\pw ]oU-\-Øn\pw hnt[-b-bm-Ip-∂ps≠∂p-≈- hnhcw\sΩ sR´n°p-∂p.

U¬-ln- ]o-U-\-t°-kn-se-]-Xn-I-sf- sh-Sn-sh-®p-sIm-√-W-sa-∂v- hm-Zn-°p-∂-h-cpw,- X-√n-s°m-√-W-sa-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cpw- enw-K-tO-Zw- \-S-Øn- C-Ø-cw- Ip-‰-hm-k-\-bp-≈-h-sc- ap-gp-h-≥ `o-Xn-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂v- ap-d-hn-fn- D-b¿-Øp-∂-h-cpw- tI-h-e- hn-Im-c-]-I-S-\-Øn-\v- ap-Xn-cm-sX k-aq-l-Øn¬- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°m-\m-Wv- i-an-t°-≠-Xv.- C-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- ]-iv-\-ß-fn¬- D-S-®p-hm¿-°¬- B-cw- n-t°-≠-Xv- ]p-cp-j- tI-µo-Ir-X-am-b- \-Ωp-sS- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- kv-Xo- hn-cp-≤-am-b- a-t\m-\n-e- Xn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.- ]-tØm- ]-Xn-\-t©m- an-\n-‰v-am-Xw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- ssew-Kn-I- kp-J-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-W-t√m- X-߃-°v- h-g-ßn-Ø-cm-Ø-kv-Xo-sb- H-cp- ]p-cp-j-≥ A-s√-¶n¬- A-t\-Iw- ]p-cp-j-∑m¿- Io-gv-s∏-Sp-Øn- _-em¬-°m-cw- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- \n-an-j-ß-tfm- an-\n-‰p--I-tfm-am-Xw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- im-co-cn-I-kp-J-Øn-\p-th-≠n- ]p-cp-j-≥ kv-Xo-sb- th- -bm-Sp-tºmƒ- A-I-a-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v-- c-£-bv-°p-th-≠n-kv-Xo-Iƒ- kz-¥w- C„-ß-fpw-Xm¬-]-cy-ß-fp-sa-√mw- aq-Sn-sh-®p-sIm-≠v- k-aq-l-Øn¬- F-t∏m-gpw--b-s∏- p-sIm-≠v- Po-hn-°-W-sa-∂v-

]-d-bp-∂-Xv- h-√mØ- \o-Xn-tI-Sm-Wv.- Z¬-ln-bn-se- s]-¨-Ip-´n- cm-Xn- 11 a-Wn-°v- kp-lr-Øn-s\m-∏w-kn-\n-a-bv-°v- t]m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-W-t√m- ]o-Un-∏n-°-s∏- -sX-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[-ap-≈- A-Ω-am¿-t]m-epw-F-¥p-sIm-≠v- A-h¿-°pw- A-h-cp-sS- s]- -Ip-™p-߃-°pw- Cu-\m- n¬- ssh-In- v- 6 a-Wn-°p-ti-jw- ho-´n-\p- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn- \-S-°m-\p-≈- kzm-X-¥yw- \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂v- Nn-¥n-°m--≥ X-øm-dm-Ip-∂n-√.-

B¨ ˛ s]¨ _‘-ß-fnse Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kulr-Z-ßfpw klr-Z-b-]-c-amb CS-s]S-epIfpw i‡n-s∏Sp-Øp∂-Xn\p]Icw b-∏m-tSm-Sp-IqSnC√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv kaqlwXm¬]cyw ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.]nXm˛-]pXn, mcym-˛-`¿Xr,ktlm-Z-co- -k-tlm-Zc _‘-Øn\pa∏pdw kvXo°pw ]pcp-j\pw XΩn¬ Cu kaq-l-

kaq-lØn¬- ]p-cp-j∑m-sct∏m-se Xs∂Po-hn-°m-\p-≈ AhIm-iw- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°p-ap-≠v.- Ima-sh-dn-b∑msc -- b∂v Ah¿ Ah-cpsS kz]v\-ßfpw BK-lß-fp-sa√mwAS-°n-sh®v Hcp kzmX-¥y-hp-an-√msX -- b-s∏ v Pohn-t°≠n-h-cp-∂Xv h√msØmcp\oXn-\n-tj-[-at√?

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Øn¬ HcpXc-Øn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-en-\pw- km[yXbns√∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ISpw-]n-Sp-Øß-fn¬\n∂v- \ΩpsS aX-˛-Pm-Xn-˛hn-Zym-`ymk˛[m¿Ωn-I- hyh-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ ]n¥n-cn-tb≠-Xp-≠v. enwKkaXzw (Gender Equality)F∂m¬ ]pcp-j\v hy‡n F∂\ne-bn¬ In´p∂ F√m ]cn-K-W-\-Ifpw kvXobv°pw as‰mcphy‡n F∂ \ne-bn¬ In´-WwF∂pXs∂-bmWv A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ Hcp]pcp-j\v e`n®pt]mcp∂ F√m]cn-K-W-\-Ifpw kuP-\y-ßfpwkvXo°pw e`y-amI-W-sa∂vhmZ-Øn-\p-th≠n D∂-bn-°m-sa-¶nepw AsXm∂pwDƒs°m≈mhp∂ Xc-Øn-te°v]mI-s∏´ kmaq-lnI at\m-\neCu cmPy-Øp-s≠∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an-√.

Hmtcm s]¨Ip-´nbpwB¨Ip- n-I-sf-t∏m-se-Xs∂C„-ßfpw A\n-„-ß-fp-sam-s°-bp≈ as‰mcp hy‡n-bm-sW∂v\ΩpsS B¨Ip-´n-Isf C\n-sb-¶nepw ]d-™p-]-Tn-∏nt°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kvXosb icocw amX-ambn ImWmsX as‰mcp hy‡n-bmbn ]cnK-Wn-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ]pcpj tIµo-Ir-X-amb \ΩpsS kmaq-lnI ÿm]-\-ß-ƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p∂kvXo,- ]pcp-j\v F∂pw Iog-S-ßm≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h-fmWv F∂at\m-`m-hw Hcp ]cn-[n-hscC√m-Xm-°m≥ Ignbpw. sNdp-∏w-ap-X¬ B¨Ip-™n\pws]¨Ip-™n-\p-an-S-bn¬kaqlw \n¿an°p∂ A]-cnNnXXzw ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp∂-Xn¬\n∂pw Dƒs°m-≈p∂Xn¬\n∂pw Ahsc hne-°n-\n¿Øp-∂p. \ΩpsS hnZym-`ym--k- -a-X- -[m¿an-I- -t_m-[\coXn-I-sf√mw Cu coXn-bn¬Nn -s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. kvXoico-c-Øns‚ ]Z¿i-\-]-c-X-amXw I®-hSw sNøp∂ apJy-[mcm kn\n-am-˛-km-lnXy ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fn-sems° am‰-ß-fp-≠m-I-Ww. kvXo ico-cw Ima-˛-emky mh-߃ amXw Xpfp-ºn-\n¬°p∂ amZI hkvXp-hs√∂pw, £Ww Ign-°p-Ibpw ae-˛aqX hnk¿P\w \S-Øp-Ibpw amk-ap-d-sb-Øp-tºmƒ c‡hpw amen-\y-ßfpw]pdw-X-≈p-I-bpw ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw apebq-´p-Ibpsa√mw

sNøp∂ ssPhnI mhßfp≈ ico-cwIq-Sn-bm-sW∂pw- Adn-™n´pw A\p-`hn-®n´pw,c‡-Øn¬ Ima-ckw ]S-cp-tºmƒ F√mwad∂v kvXosb _e-]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsSt`mKn-°p∂ ]pcp-js\ Ahs‚ sX‰p-I-sf-°p-dn®v Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿an-∏n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kvXosb shdpw ico-c-ambpw Nc-°mbpw ssewKnI D]-I-c-W-ambpw Icp-Xp∂ kmaq-ln-I-˛-kmw-kvImcnI \n¿Ωn-Xn-I-sfbm-sI FXn¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kn\n-aI-fnepwkocn-b-ep-I-fn-ep-w NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂kvXo _nw_-ß-sf√mw Xo¿Øpw kvXohn-cp-≤-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Chn-SpsØkvXoIƒs°-¶nepw Ign-b-Ww. ta¬∏-d™kmaq-lnI,- kmwkvIm-cnI \n¿an-Xn-I-fpsSsb√mw Hcp ]Xn-^-e\w amX-amWv\ΩpsS s]mXphnZym-`ymk coXn-I-fnepwImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv. sa®-s∏´ ssewKnIhnZym -`ymkw (Sex Education) sNdp -∏w-ap-Xte ]mTy]≤-Xn-I-fpsS mK-am-tI-≠-Xm-sW-¶nepw cmPyØv Hcn-SØpw e-]-Z-ambnCXv \S-∏m-°-n-b-Xmbn I≠n-´n-√. tIc-f-Øn-e-S°w D∂X hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\ßfn¬hsc ssewKnI hnZym-`ymk hnj-b-

߃ ssIImcyw sNøp∂¢mkvapdn-Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpw Ahn-S-Ø-s∂-bp-≈ s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ°vt\sc ssewKnI Nph-bp≈t\m´-ß-ƒ-°pw Ia‚p-Iƒ°p-a-∏p-dtØ°v C°m-eØpw hnI-kn-®n-´n-√. kvIq-fpIfn-epwtImtf-Pp-I-fn-epw ]Tn-°p∂B¨˛-s]¨ Ip´n-Iƒ°n-S-bnse kZp-t±-i-]-c-amb kulr-Z-ß-sf-t∏mepw apf-bnte \p≈n-s°m≠mWv kaq-l-Øn¬B¨Ip-´n-I-fn¬\n∂v- s]¨Ip-´n-Isf kwc-£n-t°≠sX∂m-Wv-]e hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B¨Ip-´n-I-fp-ambn Iptd-tbsd kwkm-cn-°pIbpw CS-s]-Sp-IbpwsNøp∂ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ tami-°m-cm-sW∂ Nn¥m-K-Xnbpwkaq-l-Øn-\p-ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n°p-∂p-. s]¨Ip-´nIƒ-]fp-¶p-]m-X-߃t]m-sebmsW-∂mWv BWn-t\bpw s]Æn-

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t\bpw ]d™v ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.AXn-kp-µ-c-amb, tamlw P\n-∏n-°p∂ F∂m¬ s]m´n-t∏m-bm¬F√mw Xocp∂ ]fp-¶p-]m-X-߃. C∂sØ kaq-lØn¬-kvXoI-tfm-Sp≈ at\m- m-hsØA¿Y-h-Ømbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂"sa‰-^¿'- Xs∂-bmWv ]fp-¶p-]m-Xw.- GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep-≈]oU-\-߃t°m _em’w-K-Ønt\m hnt[-b-cmIp∂kvXoIsf H∂n-\pwsIm≈n-s√∂ t_m[w Hmtcm s]Æn-s‚bpw Xe-t®m-dn-te°v kaqlwASn-t®¬∏n-°p-∂p-≠v._em’w-K-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-b-hscbpw NmcnXyw \„-s∏-´-hscbpw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw _m[y-X-bmbn IW-°m-°-p-∂p. Cu t_m[w kaq-l-Øn¬ AXbv°v i‡-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m _em’w-K-Øn\v hnt[-b-cmbn Po-ht\m-sSc£-s∏´ Cc-I-fn-te-sdbpw

Bfl-l-Xy sN-øp-∂-Xv. Hm¿°pI, U¬ln]oU-\-w \S-∂-v- aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°Iw ]©m-_n¬ _em’w-K-Øn\v hnt[-bbmbbphXn sIme-sN-øs∏Sp--I-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√,-Bfl-l-Xy -sN-øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

U¬ln kw-`h-Øn\p- tijw Chn-SpsØ kvXoIƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ AI-a-߃ PmXn-˛-a-X-˛-h¿W t`Z-sat\y \ΩpsS]ptcm-lnX h¿Kw ]e Xe-ß-fn¬ hni-I-e-\-Øn-s\-Sp-Øp. \m´n¬ kvXoIƒ°v c£-bn-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ip™pßfpw bph-Xn-Ifpw XpSßn hr≤-Iƒhsc ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. s]¨a-°sf A—-\Ω-am¿Xs∂hy`n-N-cn-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øn¬ [m¿Ωn-IX C√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Cßs\ ]e-]-iv\-ßfpw tZhm-e-b-ß-fnepw]≈n-I-fnepw kXvkwK- th-Zn-I-fnepwCt∏mƒ N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. a\p-jyscZpjn-∏n-°p∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ, kocn-b-ep-Iƒ,aZyw, ab-°p-a-cp∂v Aßs\ hnj-b-߃]eXpw ]utcmlnXyw hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n. ]t£ F√m N¿®-Ifpw \n¿-`m-Ky-h-im¬ kvXoI-fpsS hkvX-[m-c-WØn-emWvsNs∂-Øn-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. kvXoIƒcmsh∂pw ]I-se∂pw t\m°msX Aßm-Sn-bn-en-dßn \S-°p-∂p. IpSpw-_-Øn-ep≈

kvXoIsf Fßs\ ]d™p-a\- n-em-°-W-sa∂pw, AhscDØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-s∏´ ]pcp-j-∑m¿sIm≠p-\-S∂v kwc-£n-t°≠coXn-I-sf-°p-dn-®psa√mw ]ptcm-ln-X¿- hmNm-e-cm-Ip-∂p≠v.F∂m¬ kvXosb Fßs\kzbw ]m]vX-bpw- Bfl-hn-izm-k-ap-≈-h-fp-am--°-W-sa∂v- BcpwH∂pw ]d-™p-tI-´n-√. XnI™kvXo hncp-≤X FX IqSnbAf-hn-emWv \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn-epw aX-˛-PmXn Nn´-I-fnepw,-F¥n\v \mtam-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpwNn¥-I-fn¬hsc Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Hcp s]¨Ip´n_em’wKw sNø-s∏- m¬ PmXn--aX˛A-°m-Z-anI˛cm-jvSob ]cn-

j-I-sfms° Is≠-Øp∂ ]cn-lm-c-am¿K--ß-ƒ AXnhnNn-X-am-Wv. ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hnXzw sImSn-Ip-Øn-hm-gp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ kvXokpc-£n-X-bm-bncn-°-W-sa-¶n¬C°q-´-¿- I¬-∏n-®-Xp-t]m-se- kv-Xo-Iƒ- s]-cp-am-dm-≥ X-øm-dm-bn-s°m-≈-Ww.- h-kv-Xw- [-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- Nn-e- Nn-´-I-fp-≠v.- A-\p-h-Zn-®- k-a-b-Øp-am-Xw- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn- \-S-∂p-sIm-≈-Ww.- A-√m-Ø-h¿- B-I-an-°-s∏-Sp-I-X-s∂- sN-øpw.- ]-≠v- a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-™- ]n-Xm-c-£-Xn- Iu-am-tc,- ¿-Øm- c-£-Xn- bu-∆-t\,- ]p-tXm-c-£-Xn- hm¿-≤-tIy,- \- kv-Xo-kzm-X-¥y-a¿-l-Xn- - F-∂- enw-K-\o-Xn-X-s∂-bm-Wv- Pm-Xn- -a-X- -kw-kv-Im-c- t`-Z-sa-t\y- kv-Xo-I-sf-kw-_-‘n-®v- k-aq-lw- sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂- a-t\m-`m-hw.-

kz¥w aI-tfbpw -mcy-tbbpwAΩtbbpw ktlm-Z-cn-am-tcbpwF√m-Xcw ]oU-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw_em’wK ia-ß-fn¬\n∂pwNqj-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-°m≥ ]m]vX-cmb "\√ ]nXm-°-∑m-tcbpw -¿Øm-°-∑m-tcbpwB¨a-°-tfbpw ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcbpw'- D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv \ap-°n-S-bnse PmXn- -aX˛[m¿ΩnI˛hyh-ÿm-]nXÿm]-\-߃ IqSp-X¬ i≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kZp-t±-iy-]-c-sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ CØcw\S-∏p-co-Xn-Iƒ hna¿in-°-s∏-tS≠ Imew AXn-I-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬- s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ°v ªm°v Iym‰vkn-t\-°mƒsh√p∂ kpc£ Dd∏p-hcp-Øm≥ ian-°p∂ A—∑mscbpw -¿Øm-°-∑m-scbpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-sfbpw Gsd ImWmw. Ie-°-sh-

U¬ln kw- h-Øn\p- tijw Chn-SpsØ kvXoIƒ A\p- -hn-°p∂AI-a-߃ PmXn- -a-X- -h¿W t`Z-sat\y \ΩpsS ]ptcm-lnX h¿Kw]e Xe-ß-fn¬ hni-I-e-\-Øn-s\-Sp-Øp. \ΩpsS \m´n¬ kvXoIƒ°vc£-bn-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Ip™pßfpw bph-Xn-Ifpw XpSßnhr≤-Iƒhsc ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.s]¨a-°sf A—-\Ω-am¿Xs∂ hy`n-N-cn-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øn¬ [m¿Ωn-IX C√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

kuay-

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≈-Øn¬ ao≥ -]n-Sn-°p∂ kZm-Nmc s]meo-kp-Im¿IqSn kz¥wPmXn-bn-sebpw aX-Øn-sebpws]¨Ip- n-I-fpsS kpc£mImcy-߃ Gs‰-SpØp-sIm≠vcwK-Øn-d-ßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXm-sS]mhw kvXoIƒ A -n-]m-b-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-Ø-h-cmbn amdn.Ah¿ GXv hkvXw [cn-°-W-sa∂pw Fßs\ \S-°-W-sa∂pw Btcm-sSms° kulr-Z-am-Im-sa∂pw Ft∏mƒho´n¬\n∂v- Cd-ß-W-sa∂pwGXv t\cØv Xncn-®p-I-b-d-W-sa-∂p-sa√mw ]pcpj ]P-IƒXocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp-sIm-≈pw.F√mw \nß-fpsS \∑bv°pw

kpc-£bv°pw th≠n-b-t√.F∂ kvt\l-Øn¬ s]m-Xn™]nXr-\n¿hn-ti-j-amb (Pater-nalism) D]-tZ-i-߃IqSnbmIp-tºmƒ kvXoIƒ°v adp-sØm∂pw ]d-bm-\pw Ign-bn-√.kvXoIƒs°-Xnsc \S-°p∂AI-a-ßsf sNdp-t°-≠XvAhsc IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬A_-e-Ifpw N_-e-Ifpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-an-√m-Ø-hcpam°ns-°m-≠m-h-cp-Xv. adn®v F¥ns‚t]cn-em-bmepw kv-Xo-Ifp-sSkzmX-¥yhpw hnth-N-\-m-[n-Im-c-hpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpwIqSn]cnKWn®m-bn-cn-°-Ww Ah-cpsS kpc-£-sb-°p-dn®vNn¥nt°≠Xv. imco-cn-Ihpwam\-kn-I-hp-amb AI-a-ßsfkz-bw- sNdp-°m≥ ]m]vX-cmIp∂ coXn-bn¬ Bfl-hn-izm-khpw am\-knI ]n¥p-W-bp-amWv ka-Xz-t_m-[ØnepwXp√yXm k¶¬∏-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p∂psh∂v ]d-bp-∂ ]pcp-j-∑m-sc¶n-epw- \¬tI≠Xv.-kaqlw kvXoIsf t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ coXn amdp-I-X-s∂ -th-Ww. Ahsc IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬]cm-i-b-a-Xn-I-fm-°p-∂-Xn\p-]Icw kzmi-b-a-Xn-I-fm°nØo¿°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

U¬ln-bn¬ \S-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ kw`-h-ß-sfms° I≠pwtI´pw A\p-`-hn®pw Ign-bp∂sIm®p s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ ap-X¬-]mb-amb kvXoIƒhscISpØ am\knI kwL¿j-Ønepw -b-Øn-ep-amWv.C∂se tIc-f-Ønsekuaybv°v kw`-hn-®Xv, C∂vU¬ln-bnse tPymXnbv°vkw`-hn-®Xv \msfX߃°m¿s°-¶nepw kw`-hn-

°p-sa∂v Ah¿ -b-s∏-Sp-∂p.U¬ln-bnse ]oU-\-Øns‚\Sp-°p∂ hm¿Ø- tI´v Xcn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°-Iw-Ahn-sS 42 Imcn Iq´ _em’w-K-Øn\v hnt[-b-bmbXm-bn- Adn-bp-∂p.- ]©m-_n¬ _em’wKwsNø-s∏´ bphXn Bfl-l-Xy-sN-bvXXpw kvXoI-fpsS -oXnicn-h-bv°p-∂p. Cu -bw F∂hnIm-c-am-Wt√m 60 h¿j-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn \mw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-hcp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bp∂ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw kvXo˛]p-cpj kaXz k¶¬∏-ß-fpsSbpwBsIØpIsb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ cmPysØ -c-W-Iq-Shpw

kz¥w aI-sfbpw `-mcy-tbbpwAΩtbbpw ktlm-Z-cn-am-scbpwF√m-Xcw ]oU-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw_em-’w-K ia-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Nqj-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-®p-sIm-≈m≥ ]m]vX-cmb \√ ]nXm-°-∑m-scbpw `-¿Øm-°-∑m-scbpw B¨a-°-sfbpw ktlm-Z-c-∑mscbpwD≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv \ap-°n-S-bnse PmXn-˛-aX˛[m¿ΩnI˛hyh-ÿm-]nX ÿm]-\-߃ C∂v IqSp-X¬ i≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

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]uc-k-aq-lhpw Hcp-t]msee÷n-t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw.

cmPy-X-e-ÿm-\Øv -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS aq°n-\p-Xmsg\n -lm-b-bmb Hcp s]¨Ip´narKo-b-ambn ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´kw`h-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v]m¿e-sa‚n\p- kao]w \S∂bph-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sSbpw ]t£m-`-sØ°pdn®v kwkm-cn-°sh\ΩpsS ][m-\-a¥n At±-lhpw aq∂v s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS]nXm-hm-sW∂p- ]d-™-XmbntI´p. ]oU-\-Øn-\n-c-bmbs]¨Ip- n-tbmSv At±-l-Øn-\p≈ kl-Xm-]-Øn\pw A\p-

I-º-bnepw _lp-am\w ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ΩpsS -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ aXn-bmbi≤ ]I-Sn-∏n-°mØ a‰p Nne hkvXp-X-Iƒ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø. U¬ln bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ tPmen t\m°p∂, Iymºkn-¬-Xs∂ Xma-kn-°p∂ ][m-\-a-¥n-bpsSaIƒ°pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw cmPysØs]meokv kwhn-[m-\w \¬Ip∂ ISpØkpc£ teJ-I-s\-t∏m-ep≈ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒt\cn¬- ImWp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ U¬ln-bnse hnsF]n-Iƒ°v kpc£ \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ ImWn-°p∂ AtX IWn-iX km[m-cW ]uc-∑mcpsS kpc£m Imcy-ß-fn¬U¬ln s]meokv ]pe¿Øp-∂p-t≠m? hnsF ]n-Iƒ°pw hnhnsF]n-Iƒ°pw\¬Ip∂ kpc£bpsS \qdn-sem-cwiwipjvIm¥n km[m-cW ]uc-∑m-cpsSPoh\pw Pohn-°m-\p-≈ Ah-Im-i-Øn\pwI¬∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ cmPyw Ft∂ sa®-s∏-t´-s\. U¬ln-bn¬ tPymXn F∂s]¨Ip-´nsb _em¬°mcw sNbvX Inan-\-ep-Iƒ AXn-\p-- ap-ºv- AtX _ p]-tbm-Kn®vas‰mcp hy‡nsb BI-an-®Xpw ]Ww ]nSn-®p-]-dn-®Xpw \ΩpsS Imh¬`--S-∑m¿ Imcy-am-sb-Sp-Øn-√. B Ip‰-Øn-s\-Xnsc U¬ln -s]m-eokv e-]-Z-amb \S-]Sn FSp-Øn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Hcp ]t£ AtX Inan-\-ep-Iƒho≠pw sXcp-hn-en-dßn Hcp ]mhws]¨Ip´nsb ]n®n-®o¥p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂, aZy-e-l-cn-bn¬ Iq´m-fn-I-fp-samØv Hcp s]¨Ip-´n-sb \mi-am-°n-Øo¿Ø Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fn-semcmƒ, ]nSn-°-s∏´vkzt_m-[-Øn¬ tImS-Xn-bn-seØn Xs∂hnNm-c-W IqSmsX Xq°n-s°m-√m≥ ]d-™p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\v a‰p-Nne A¿Y-߃Iq-Sn-bp-≠v. Cu \m´n¬ a\p-jy¿°v Hcp hnth-N-\hpw \nb-¥-W-ßfpw IqSmsX B¿°pwGXp- t\cØpw C„w t]mse tkhn-°m≥aZy-im-e-Iƒ Xpd-∂n-Sp∂ -c-W-IqS \b-ßfpw hna¿in-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS -c-W-,- cmjvSo-b t\Xr-Xz-߃- \m´n¬kvXoIƒs°-Xn-cmbn h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ AI-a-߃°pw A\o-Xn-Iƒ°psaXnsc XpScp∂HcpXcw ssII-gp-I¬ \bhpw Hgn-™p-am-d¬ ssienbpw I≠n-s√∂p- \Sn°-cp-Xv.U¬ln ]oU\ IY-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS NnecmjvSo-b-°m-cpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ amXwhmbn-®m¬ C°q- ¿s°ms° kvXoI-tfm-Sp≈

at\m- -mhw a\- n-em-°m≥. ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ h\nXmkwh-c-W -_n√ns\ \J-in-Jm¥wFXn¿°p∂ ]e -P\]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw CXp-t]m-ep≈ kw -h-߃Ac-tß-dp-tºmƒ hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏ v kvXoim‡o-Ic-W-Øn-\p-th≠n kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Cc- -Øm∏v k-aqlwXncn-®-dn-bp-I-X-s∂- th-Ww.

C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c -]-ImcwkvXo ]qPn-°-s∏-Sp∂-hfpw_lpam-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-fp-amWvF∂mWv ]mc-º-cy-hm-Zn-Iƒ Ime-ß-fmbn en-∏n-®p-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kvXosb tZhn-bm-bn, -qan-bm-bn, ]Ir-Xn-bmbn, kI-e-Xn\pwAΩ-bmbn Icp-Xp∂p F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ kmwkvIm-cnI \n¿Ωn-Xn-Iƒ°-I-Øp-Xs∂ kvXoIƒG‰hpa[nIw Ak-a-XzhpwA\o-Xnbpw t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂XvXnI-™ hntcm-[m-`-m-kw- X-s∂-bm-Wv. C¥y≥ kaq-l-ØnsekvXo AI-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ G‰hpwhenb sIWn--bmWv CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ I¬∏nX tZho-`-mhhpw]qPyio ]Z-hn-bp-sa-√mw.B¨tImbva kaqlw ]mI-s∏-Sp-Ønb GI-I-߃°IØv Ign-™p-Iq-Sp∂ kvXo ]cn-ip-≤bpw]Xn-h-Xbpw Nmcn-Xy-h-Xn-bp-sam-s°-bmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-tºmƒAXn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v IS-°p-∂-hƒ]m]w sNbvX-hfpw PmXn°pwaX-Øn\pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw If-¶-ap-≠m-°n-b-h-fpambn amdp-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬Ct∏mgpw XpS¿∂p-t]m-cp∂ Zpc--n-am-\-lXy (Honor Killings)Isf

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv hn-ebn-cp-tØ-≠Xv. Hcp kvXo PmXnbpwaXhpw Ahƒ°v I¬∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø ]c-º-cm-KX coXn-I-fn¬\n∂pw Nn´-I-fn¬\n∂pw hgn-am-dp-∂-tXmsS PmXn°pw aX-Øn\pw IpSpw-_-Øn\pw If-¶ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Womenare the gateways not only to castebut also religion, family, honor etc.-AXm-bXv P\n-®p-hoW PmXn-bp-sSbpw aX-Øn-s‚bpw IpSpw-_-Øn¬]n-d∂ BWp-ß-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw A`-n-am\w (Honor)kwcw-£n-t°-≠Xv s]Æns‚ IS-a-bm-sW∂v ]mc-º-cy-hm-Zn-Iƒhniz-kn-°p-∂p. A`-n-am-\-£-X-ap-≠m-°nb s]Æv _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-tS-≠-htfm ]qPn-°-s∏-tS-≠-htfm A√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.Ahƒ sIm√-s∏-tS-≠-h-fmW,v

]m¿e-sa‚n¬ h\nXmkwh-c-W-_n√ns\ \J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿°p∂]e -P\]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw CXp-t]m-ep≈ kw`-h-߃ Ac-tß-dp-tºmƒhm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´v kvXo im‡o-Ic-W-Øn-\p-th≠n kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Cc-´-Øm∏v s]mXp-k-aqlw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-X-s∂-th-Ww.

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A√-mØ-]£w Bflm-lp-Xn h-cn-®p-sIm-≈Ww. DØ-tc-¥y-bnsePmXn-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ A\y-Pm-Xn-bntem aX-Øn-tem -s]´ ]pcp-j-∑msc kz¥w C„-]-Imcw hcn-°m≥ Xømdmb kzPm-Xn-bn¬s∏´ kvXoIsf A -n-am-\-£Xw Btcm-]n®v sIme-sN-øp-∂-Xv CØcw \ymb-ß-ƒap≥\n¿Øn-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Xt‚-X-√mØ Ip‰w-sIm≠v _em’w-K-Ønt\m ]oU-\-Ønt\m hnt[-bbmb kvXoI-sf-t∏mepw A -n-am-\-£Xw hcp-Øn-sh-®-hcpw If-¶-s∏- -h-cp-ambn Icp-Xp∂ ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Xncphh-ti-jn-∏p-IƒC∂pw \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øns‚s]mXp-t_m-[-Øns‚ -mK-am-Wv.U¬lnbn¬- _em’w-K-Øn\n-c-bmb s]¨Ip´n acn-®p-t]m-bXv\∂m-sb∂pw Ahƒ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-h-∂n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Hcp-]mSv Ah-tl-fn-°-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw kam-[m-\-ap≈ Hcp`mhn Ahƒ°v- D≠m-In-s√∂pwIcp-Xp∂ hen-b -hn -mKwkvXoIƒ tIc-f-Øn¬t]mepap≠v.- kaq-l-Øns‚ ]mc-º-cybp‡n-°p-apºn¬,- Hcn-°¬ "]ng-®p'--t]m-b-hƒ AXv- F¥p-- Imc-W-Ømem-bmepw F∂pw ]ng-®-hƒX-s∂-bm-Wv.

cm-Py-Øv- dn-t∏m¿- v- sN-ø-p-∂-_-em’w-K- tI-kp-I-fn-se- ]-Xn-I-fn-e-[n-I-hpw- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- Xm-tg-°n-S-bn-ep-≈- hn-Zym- ym-k -c-ln-X-cpw- sa-®-s∏- - Po-hn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-sW-∂v- Im-Wm-w.- C-h-cp-sS- B-I-a-W-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-bm-Ip-∂- kv-Xo-I-fn-te-sd-bpw- s]m-Xp-sh- t -Z-s∏- -Po-hn-X- co-Xn-Iƒ- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-h-cpw- a-[y-h¿K-sØ- (MiddleClass)- ]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-sW-∂v- H-cp- ]-£-ap-≠v-.- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- km-aq-ln-I -I-a-Øn¬-hn-hm-l-apƒ-s∏-sS- Hcp-hn-t[-\-bpw- ]m-]y-a-√m-Ø- D-]-cn-h¿-K-Øn-se- kv-Xo-Iƒ-°v- X-ß-fp-sS-Iq- -Øn¬-s∏- - kv-Xo-Iƒ-°n-√m-Ø- ]-e-Kp-W-ß-fpw- C-°q- ¿- k-¶¬-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂p-t≠m-sb-∂-Xv-km-aq-ln-I- im-kv-X-⁄-cpw- a-\-im-kv-X-⁄-cpw ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.-

kvXoIƒ Nc°ph¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]pXnb kmaq-lnIkmº-ØnI Ia-Øn¬ D]-cn-h¿KØnse kvXo PohnXcoXn-sIm≠pw hkvX-[m-c-Ww- -

sIm≠pw Cw•ojv kwkm-cn-°m-\p≈ tijn-sIm≠pw hne-Iq-Snb Nc°pw,- AtX ka-bØv Xmsg-°n-S-bnse kvXo ta¬∏-d™KpW-K-W-ßsfm∂p-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ hne-Ip-d™ Nc-°p-ambn \ap-°n-S-bn¬ HcpIq´¿k¶¬∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ CXn-s\ms° aqe-Im-c-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂ apX-em-fnØ temI-Iahpw AXp-b¿Øn∏nSn-°p∂ kmaq-lnI˛kmwkvIm-cnI˛kmº-ØnI _‘-ßfpw Ak-a-Xz-ßfpsa√mw Im-cWam-bn- Nq-≠n-°m-t´≠Xp-≠v.-

Hcp ]pcp-j\v kvXotbmSv ssewKnIBk‡n tXm∂p-∂-Xn¬ Akzm--- -m-hn-I-X-sbm∂pw B¿°pw ImWm≥ ]-‰n-√. AX-ß-

s\-Øs∂ kvXobv°v ]pcp-jt\mSpw tXm∂m-w. kv-Xo-°pw-]pcp-j\pw ]c-kv]cw Icp-tX-≠Xpw tXmt∂-≠-Xp-amb hnIm-c-߃ \nb-¥n-°p-∂n-SØpw Nn -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-S-Øp-amWv kaq-l-Ønse hnhn[ ÿm]\-߃(Social Institutions) Ahapt∂m- p-h-bv°p∂ \S∏p-co-Xn-Ifpw \n_-‘-\-Ifpw \n„I-fp-sam-s°-bmbnh-cp-∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øn¬ kvXotbbpw ]pcp-j-t\bpw ]c-kv]cw ]m]n-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v- hne-°n-\n¿Øp∂Nne sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fp-≠v. AΩ,A—≥, ktlm-Zcn, ktlm-Z-c≥XpSßn Cßs\ ]e-Xpw CXn¬s]Spw. F√m kaq-l-ßfpw aX-ßfpw PmXn-I-a-ß-fp-sa√mwAh-c-h-cpsS Iq -Øn¬s∏´kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cn¬ BscB¿s°ms° ssewKn-I-ambn]m]n-°m-sa∂v \njv°¿jn-°p-∂p-≠v. s]mXpsh F√m kaq-l-ßfpw hnhm-l-sa∂ ÿm]-\-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´ CS-]m-Sn-eq-sS-bmWv kmaq-lnI AwKo-Im-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn kvXotbbpw ]pcp-j-t\bpw CW-Ifpw ssewKnI

U¬-ln-bn¬ \-S-∂-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- kw-`-h-ß-sfm-s°- I-≠pw- tI-´pw- A-\p-`-hn-®pw- I-gn-bp-∂- Cu- cm-Py-sØ-sIm-®p- s]-¨-Ip-´n-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn ]m-b-am-b- kv-Xo-Iƒ-h-sc I-Sp-Ø- am-\-kn-I- kw-L¿-j-Øn-epw- `-b-Øn-ep-am-Wv.- C-∂-se- tI-c-f-Øn-se- ku-ay-bv-°v- kw-`-hn-®-Xv,- C-∂v- U¬-ln-bn-se-tPym-Xn-bv-°v- kw- -hn-®-Xv- \m-sf- X-߃-°m¿-s°-¶n-epw- kw- -hn-°p-sa-∂v-A-h¿- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

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39 2013 P\p-hcn- 27tZim`nam\n hm-cn-I-

]¶m-fn-I-fp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øn¬ Hcp LS\bpw(Structure) Iahpw(Order) \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv hnhm-lw (Marriage) -t]m-se-bp≈ kmaqlnI ÿm]-\-߃ \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ F√m-bn-S-ß-fnepw hnhm-l-]q¿h,hnhm-lm-\-¥c, hnhm-tl-Xc ssewKnI _‘-߃ F√m-Im-eØpap≠m-bn- p-≠v.kaq-l-Ønse an°[m¿ΩnI kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw ]pdsa CØcwAhn-lnX _‘-ßsfFXn¿°m-dmWv ]Xnhv.F∂m¬ ta¬ kqNn-∏n®Ahn-lnX _‘-ß-sf-√mw- ]mb-]q¿Øn-bmbkvXo ]pcp-j-∑m¿ X-Ωn¬ ]c-kv]c [mc-W-tbm-sSbpw kΩ-X-tØm-sSbpw \S-°p∂ CS-]m-Sp-I-fm-Ip-∂n-S-tØmfw AXvkvXobp-sSbpw ]pcp-j-

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