junseok kim wireless networking lab (winlab) konkuk ...junseok/pdf/lecture1.pdf802.15.4 –zigbee...
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Junseok Kim
Wireless Networking Lab (WINLAB)
Konkuk University, South Korea
http://usn.konkuk.ac.kr/~jskim
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IEEE 802.x Standards 802.11 for Wireless Local Area Network
802.15 for Wireless Personal Area Network
802.16 for Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
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1997 1999 2003 2005 2007 2009
802.11 legacyreleased
802.11 legacyclarified
802.11a&breleased
802.11greleased
Amendmentscombined
802.11nreleased
802.11ereleased
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IEEE 802.x Standards 802.11 for Wireless Local Area Network
802.15 for Wireless Personal Area Network
Task Group (TG) 1 (WPAN / Bluetooth)
Released in 2002 Revised in 2005 / max. 1Mbps / 2.4GHz / freq. hopping (Bluetooth 2.0+EDR supports 3Mbps)
TG 2 (Coexistence)
TG 3 (high rate WPAN)
Released in 2003 / max. 55Mbps / 2.4GHz / no spreading code
TG 4 (low rate WPAN / ZigBee)
Released in 2003 / max. 250kbps / 2.4GHz / DSSS
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Home Network with IEEE Standards
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802.11 802.11
802.15.4
802.15.1
Not determined
802.15.1
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CSMA-CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access – Collision Avoidance
5
DATA
ACK
silent...
silent...
S
R
DATA
R S
R
S1
S2
DATA
DATA
ACK
ACK ACK
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CSMA-CA (Cont.) Collision Avoidance
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DATA
collision
DATA
RS1 S2
collisionR
S1
S2
DATA
DATA
DATA
silent...
No ACK
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CSMA-CA (Cont.) RTS-CTS handshaking
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collisionR
S1
S2
DATA
DATA
DATA
silent...
collisionR
S1
S2
DATA
silent...
No ACK
RTS
RTS
No CTS
RTS
CTS ACK
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CSMA-CA (Cont.) Hidden node
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DATADATA DATA
collision
RTSCTS
CTSsilent
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3
Hidden node
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NAV
CSMA-CA (Cont.) Random back-off (BO)
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DIFS
BO 8 slot
BO 3 slot
BO 10 slot
BO 6 slot
BO 5 slot
BO 7 slot
BO 3 slot
0
1
2
3
RTS
CTS
DATA
ACK
NAV
NAV
RTS
CTS
DATA
NAV
BO = uniform(0, CW) * slotTime
3slots
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CSMA-CA (Cont.) Contention Window (CW)
1015
3163
127
255
511
1023
CW
*Window: An interval of time during which an activity can or must take place
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802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA)
Enhancement of distributed contention function (DCF) in 802.11 legacy
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DATADATA SIFS
PIFS
DIFS
AIFS[i]
Contention Window
Access Class CWmin CWmax AIFSN TXOP limit
BACKGROUND aCWmin (=15) aCWmax (=1023) 7 0
BEST EFFORT aCWmin aCWmax 3 0
VIDEO (aCWmin+1)/2-1 aCWmin 2 3.008ms
VOICE (aCWmin+1)/4-1 (aCWmin+1)/2-1 2 1.504ms
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802.11e (Cont.) Block ACK
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AD
DB
A R
equ
est
AC
K
AD
DB
A R
espo
nse
AC
K
Qo
S D
ata MP
DU
Qo
S D
ata MP
DU
Qo
S D
ata MP
DU
Qo
S D
ata MP
DU
...B
lock
Ack
Req
uest
AC
K
Blo
ckA
ck R
espo
nse
AC
K
DE
LB
A R
equ
est
AC
K
NAV
Originator
time
time
Recipient
Other STAs
Setup Data & Block ACK Tear Down
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802.11n Data rate is up to 600Mbps
802.11g’s max. data rate is 54Mbps
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time
freq
802.11g 802.11 n
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802.11g vs. 802.11n 802.11g
64QAM: 6bits (=log264) per one symbol
OFDM: 48 sub-carriers * 6 = 288bits
3/4FEC: 288 * 3/4 = 216bits
4us symbol duration: 216/4 = 54Mbps
802.11n 64QAM: 6bits
OFDM: 108 sub-carriers * 6 = 648bits
5/6FEC: 648 * 5/6 = 540bits
4 sets of TX/RX antennas: 540 * 4 = 2160bits
3.6us symbol duration: 2160/3.6 = 600Mbps
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MANLAN
Do not Confuse Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is neither Bluetooth,
ZigBee, WiFi, or any IEEE Standard.
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PAN
802.15
802.11
802.16
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802.15.1 IEEE Standard for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
For wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices within a personal operating space.
1600 hops/sec across 79 frequencies Class 1: +20 dBm (100 mW), 50-100 meters Class 2: +4 dBm (2.5 mW), 20 meters Class 3: 0 dBm (1 mW), 10 meters
.
16
625us
3-slot packet 5-slot packet
fk fk+1 fk+2 fk+3 fk+4 fk+5 fk+6 fk+7 fk+8 fk+9 fk+10 fk+11 fk+12 fk+13 fk+14 fk+15 fk+27-1
…
max. length
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802.15.1 (Cont.) Master establishes a piconet with up-to 7 slaves
Master determines piconet’s frequency hopping pattern
17
M
S1 S1 S6 S7….
M
S1 S1 S6 S7….either
PICONETSCATTERNET
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802.15.4 IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area
Network (LR-WPAN) For communication devices using low data rate
low power
low complicate
short range radio
Do not Confuse 802.15.4 is not ZigBee
ZigBee is not WSN
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802.15.4 - Low Power Most LR-WPAN devices operates with small batteries
Turn off the radio periodically to save the energy
19
S
RPower On
Power On
DATA
ACK
S
RPower On
Power On
DATA
ACK
Power Off
Power Off
Energy Efficiency
<
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802.15.4 – Super-frame Structure Most LR-WPAN devices operates with small batteries
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CONTENTION ACCESSPERIOD
CONTENTIONFREE PERIOD
INACTIVE
Super-frame
active
beacon beacon
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802.15.4 – ZigBee vs. Bluetooth ZigBee defines network, security, application layers
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PHY
MAC
Application Support Sublayer Zig
Bee
80
2.15.4 RF (Radio transceiver)
Baseband Controller (timing, framing, flow control . . .)
Link Manager (managing slaves, connections, power . . .)
Host Controller Interface
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
Profiles
Applications
RFCOMMTCP/IP
Audio
Service Discovery ProtocolReflectorManagement
APS MessageBroker
APS SecurityManagement
Network Layer
SecurityManage.
NWK Message
RoutingManage.
NetworkManage.
ApplicationFramework
ZigBee Device Object
Blu
etoo
th
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Home Network with IEEE Standards
22
802.11 802.11
802.15.4
802.15.1
Not determined
802.15.1
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Large Ad-hoc Network consists of numerous sensors
(which have RF transmitter)
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WSN applications But, very few commercial success. Why?
In addition, research interests on WSN decline.
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Home Networking Structure Health Monitoring Disaster Monitoring
low power MCU
low capacity Memory
low power low rate Transceiver
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Maybe. It’s Future direction A few leading research centers started these kinds of
projects
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Future WSN device?
Integrated & Cognitive Wireless Connection
More features (e.g. camera, GPS)
Pedestrian navigationLocation-based servicesIntelligent Transportation Systems Smart shopping assistantEntertainment integrationEnvironment Monitoring in City by iPhones
Powerful MCU
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Research topics on WPAN and WSN
Application
Transport
Network
MAC
PHY
Topology control
Routing
Localization
Coverage
Transmit power control
Duty cycle
Channel Modeling
Multi rate / multi channel
Energy-aware routing
Traffic-aware routing
Data aggregation
Geographical routing
Network connectivity
Reduce energy consumption
Traffic-aware duty cycle
Power-aware duty cycle
RSSI based localization
GPS-free localization
TOA based localizationMonitoring system
Increase network capacity
Interference impact
Link quality estimation
Congestion control
Fast recovery
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