june 21, 2011 michael hartner, reinhard haas. june 21, 2011 michael hartner, reinhard haas assessing...

June 21, 2011Michael Hartner, Reinhard Haas


Assessing embedded energy with

Input-Output Analysis

…understanding energy demand from a consumption perspective


Content

1. Introduction and objectives

2. Input-Output methodology

3. Results for Austria

4. Further steps


Definition

„Embedded energy is the commercial energy that was used in the work to make any product, bring it to the market and dispose of it“


Introduction and Objectives

• Consumption based and product oriented view

Total demand for energy can be traced back to the consumption of goods and services

• Understanding drivers from a consumption perspective

• Identifying reduction potentials for emissions

n

iiitotal YeE

1


- What is the energy requirement for the consumption of goods and services?




Literature:

- Miller Ronald E., Blair Peter D.(2009): Input-Output Analysis – Foundations and Extensions; Cambridge University Press; Cambridge

- Manfred Lenzen, University of Sydney

- Tukker Arnold et al (2006): Environmental Impact of Products – Analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts related to the final consumption oft he EU-25, Main report; Joint Research Centre; European Commission

- Bednar-Friedl Birgit, Munoz Jaramillo Pablo, Schinko Thomas, Steininger Karl (2010): The Carbon Content of Austrian Trade Flows in the European and International Trade Context; FIW Research Reports 2009/2010 N°5


Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Demand Total Output

Sector 1 Zd Zd Zd Yd X



Wage L L L

Profit N N N

Total Output X X X

Domestic economy

Y)AI(X

YAXX

X

ZA

YZX

j

ij

1

i

id X

sectorof useEnergy e

d-1dd Y)A-(IeE

Input

Output

Input Output model

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

Energy intensity of sectors in kWh/€kW

h/€


Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Demand Total Output




Wage L L L

Profit N N N

Total Output X X X

Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Demand Total ImportsSector 1 Zi Zi Zi Yi MSector 2 Zi Zi Zi Yi MSector 3 Zi Zi Zi Yi M

Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Demand Total OutputSector 1 Zf Zf Zf Yf XfSector 2 Zf Zf Zf Yf XfSector 3 Zf Zf Zf Yf Xf

Wage Lf Lf LfProfit Nf Nf Nf

Total Output Xf Xf Xf

Domestic economy

Imports from Rest of the World to domestic economy.

ROW - economy

Input

Output

Input Output model


domestic production imported intermediates imported final goods

Input Output model


Results for Austria

- Embedded energy in final demand components

- Embedded vs. Direct energy use of private consumption

- Product groups and composition of Embedded Energy

- Change in private consumption spending


Results for Austria

Private consumption60%

Governement consumption

15%

Residential buildings

6%

Other buildings10%

Equipment/machines5%

Vehicles2%

Others2%

Composition of Embedded Energy in final demand


Embedded Energy 2000 2005 2006 2007GWh 103,871 126,276 134,589 137,260kWh/cap 12,965 15,352 16,278 16,536

020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000

2000 2005 2006 2007

Embedded Energy of private consumption in Austria [GWh]

Direct vs. Embedded Energy



020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000

2000 2005 2006 2007


Direct Energy 2000 2005 2006 2007GWh 106,256 119,692 114,755 108,619kWh/cap 13,263 14,552 13,879 13,085

Embedded/direct 49.4% 51.3% 54.0% 55.8%

020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000

2000 2005 2006 2007

Direct vs. Embedded of private consumption in Austria [GWh]

kwh per capita 2000 - 2007Embedded Energy + 27.5%Direct Energy - 1.3%





020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000

2000 2005 2006 2007


Direct Energy 2000 2005 2006 2007GWh 106,256 119,692 114,755 108,619kWh/cap 13,263 14,552 13,879 13,085

Embedded/direct 49.4% 51.3% 54.0% 55.8%

020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000

2000 2005 2006 2007

Direct vs. Embedded of private consumption in Austria [GWh]

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

2000 2005 2006 2007

Total demand per capita [kWh]

Total consumption 2000 2005 2006 2007total GWh 210,127 245,969 249,343 245,880kWh/cap 26,228 29,904 30,158 29,621




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800Electricity

District/Ambient heat

Biomass

Diesel/Petrol/Kerosene

Gas

Crude Oil/Byproducts

Coal/Coke/Fuel peat

kWh/

capi

ta

Per capita Embedded Energy of Austrian private consumption in 2007

Includes intermediate goods:- construction work- sewage and disposal

services- water distribution

Results for Austria


Example: Sector insurance and pension funding

Energy intensity of consumption: 0.32 kWh/€

Intensity form sector data:0.016 kWh/€

Results for Austria


Air transport services

17%

Pulp, paper products

15% Insurance and pension funding

6%

Land transport services

4%

Others58%

Composition of energy demand for 1€ final demand of "Insurance and pension funding"

Results for Austria


Changing consumption patterns and energy demand

10% leeway leads to 6.5% reduction in embedded energy of private consumption

Total output of sectors change less than p

Construction work and related sectors hardly affected


Further research steps

• Process analysis for relevant products

• Assessing reduction potentials along the process chain and related costs

• Translate major changes in process chains into new input coefficients to assess economic effects of measures to reduce energy demand

• Hybrid model for embedded energy


Thanks for your attention!!!Contact: [email protected]

june 21, 2011 michael hartner, reinhard haas. june 21, 2011 michael hartner, reinhard haas assessing...

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