Judaism

Judaism Over the Centuries

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Revolt, Defeat, and Migration

After Romans conquer, Israelites argue amongst themselves

Many Jews are sick of foreign rulers

Attempt to regain control of themselves

Trying to rebuild the Kingdom of Israel

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Revolt Against Rome

Zealots spring up

Zealots – most rebellious people

Zealots felt they should answer to God only

Not Romans

66CE – Zealots lead Jews in a Revolt

Not successful

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End of Revolt

70CE – Romans destroy Second Temple

Jews lose will to fight and surrender

73CE – Romans capture Zealots at Masada, which officially ends Revolt

Romans killed many Jews

Took many surviving Jews to Rome to be slaves

Romans took over Jerusalem

Jewish Migration - Many Jews moving out of Jerusalem

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/images/masada.jpg

A Second Revolt

130sCE – Jews launch a second revolt

Romans defeat them again

After 2nd revolt, all Jews banned in Jerusalem

Leads to more intense migration

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History Textbook

Rabbis

Now synagogues are more important

Rabbis become more important

Rabbi – Jewish Religious Teacher

Responsible for interpreting and teaching the Torah

One of the most important Rabbis was Yohanan ben Zaccai

Taught and influenced other Rabbis

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Discrimination

Many Jews moved all over the world

Not always by choice

They moved to Asia and Europe

Jews all over the world

Rather than concentrated in their homeland

Jews found themselves discriminated against

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Cultural Traditions

Jews everywhere share the same basic beliefs

However, there are differences some places

Eastern Europe – Ashkenazim

Developed their own language (Yiddish)

Separated from their non-Jewish neighbors

Western Europe – Sephardim

Developed their own language (Ladino)

Mixed with non-Jewish neighbors

Golden Age of Jewish Culture (1000-1100CE)

Hanukkah Hanukkah falls in December

Honors rededication of Second Temple

During time of Maccabees

Story of Hanukkah They wanted to celebrate a great victory about being allowed to keep

their religion. During the ceremony, there was not enough oil to perform the entire ritual. Miraculously, the oil they had (enough for only one day) burned for 8 days!

Jews celebrate this day by lighting a Menorah

They also exchange gifts on those eight days

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Passover

Passover is a very important Jewish holiday

Falls in either March or April

Passover is a celebration of the Exodus

A legend of Passover:

The Hebrews left Egypt so fast that the bakers did not have enough time to let their bread rise. Therefore, Jews eat a flat bread known as matzo. They also eat a Seder meal, which is a traditional meal when they remember the Exodus.

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High Holy Days

High Holy Days are the two most sacred days of the Jewish year

Take place in either September or October

Rosh Hashanah celebrates Jewish New Year

Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year

Jews ask God to forgive them of their sins

Sin – something you did that was wrong

They fast all day – no food or drink

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