judaism, christianity, and islam. early beginnings 1400 bce hebrews move into palestine (modern-day...

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Judaism, Christianity, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and Islam

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Judaism, Christianity, and IslamJudaism, Christianity, and Islam

Early BeginningsEarly Beginnings

1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine 1400 BCE Hebrews move into Palestine (modern-day Israel)(modern-day Israel)

They were shepherds from Mesopotamia They were shepherds from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) searching for water (modern-day Iraq) searching for water

Hebrews were eventually attacked and Hebrews were eventually attacked and scattered across the worldscattered across the world

Diaspora- the movement or Diaspora- the movement or migration of people from their migration of people from their

ancestral homelandancestral homeland

Hebrews + GodHebrews + God

11stst to believe in one god (monotheism) to believe in one god (monotheism)

Others continued to believe in many gods Others continued to believe in many gods (polytheism)(polytheism)

Yahweh was the name given to GodYahweh was the name given to God

AbrahamAbraham

Founder of monotheismFounder of monotheism

Had a wife – Sarah, God promised them Had a wife – Sarah, God promised them childchild

Sarah was too old to have a child so she Sarah was too old to have a child so she told him to have a child w/ Hagar, their told him to have a child w/ Hagar, their servantservant

Abraham had two sons- Ishmael w/ Hagar Abraham had two sons- Ishmael w/ Hagar and Isaac w/ Sarahand Isaac w/ Sarah

Abraham’s family treeAbraham’s family tree

Hagar – Abraham - Sarah

Ishmael

Who is Abraham’s rightful heir?

Isaac

Isaac and IshmaelIsaac and Ishmael

God promised Abraham and his family all God promised Abraham and his family all the land between the Nile and the the land between the Nile and the Euphrates RiversEuphrates Rivers

Arabs claim their ancestry to IshmaelArabs claim their ancestry to Ishmael

Jews claim their ancestry to IsaacJews claim their ancestry to Isaac

This is one of the reasons for the Arab – This is one of the reasons for the Arab – Israeli conflictIsraeli conflict

MosesMoses

10 Commandments10 Commandments

A strict God who demands obedienceA strict God who demands obedience

God as father, protector of his familyGod as father, protector of his family

The dignity of man as opposed to slaves The dignity of man as opposed to slaves of Godof God

These were new conceptsThese were new concepts

TermsTerms

Torah – the old testament, Holy Book of Torah – the old testament, Holy Book of the Jews the Jews

Rabbi – religious teacherRabbi – religious teacher

Talmud – interpretations of the Torah, Talmud – interpretations of the Torah, writings on the Torahwritings on the Torah

Christianity + JesusChristianity + Jesus

Jesus was born a Jew in BethlehemJesus was born a Jew in Bethlehem

Crucified by the Romans, considered a Crucified by the Romans, considered a threat to Rome, a dissidentthreat to Rome, a dissident

Preached about God’s love for the world Preached about God’s love for the world and the need for people to love one and the need for people to love one anotheranother

Christians, unlike Jews and Christians, unlike Jews and Muslims, believe Jesus was the Muslims, believe Jesus was the

son of God.son of God.

TermsTerms

Bible – holy book of Christians, includes Bible – holy book of Christians, includes Old and New TestamentOld and New Testament

Denomination – different kinds of Denomination – different kinds of Christians (i.e. Lutheran, Catholic, Baptist Christians (i.e. Lutheran, Catholic, Baptist etc.)etc.)

IslamIslam

Submission to GodSubmission to God

Muslim-Muslim-

One who submits to GodOne who submits to God

Mohammed – founder of IslamMohammed – founder of Islam

In 622 Mohammed was driven from In 622 Mohammed was driven from Mecca, he fled to MedinaMecca, he fled to Medina

In Medina he was accepted as a prophet, In Medina he was accepted as a prophet, (a messenger from God)(a messenger from God)

He eventually returned to MeccaHe eventually returned to Mecca

Within 100 yrs. Islam had spread through Within 100 yrs. Islam had spread through ArabiaArabia

5 Pillars of Islam5 Pillars of Islam

Pilgrimage to MeccaPilgrimage to Mecca

Charity to the poorCharity to the poor

Prayer five times a dayPrayer five times a day

Recite: there is no god but God and Recite: there is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophetMuhammad is his prophet

Fast during the holy month of RamadanFast during the holy month of Ramadan

Relationship to others…Relationship to others…

Jews + Christians are “people of the book”Jews + Christians are “people of the book”

Moses and Jesus are honored as prophetsMoses and Jesus are honored as prophets

Muslims believe theirs is the only true Muslims believe theirs is the only true religionreligion

Sunnis and ShiitesSunnis and Shiites

85% Sunni 15% Shiite85% Sunni 15% Shiite

Split was caused by a disagreement about Split was caused by a disagreement about who the caliph should bewho the caliph should be

Caliph- successor to Muhammad, also known Caliph- successor to Muhammad, also known as an Imam. as an Imam.

First chosen was Muhammad’s father-in-law, First chosen was Muhammad’s father-in-law, leaving out his bloodline and upsetting leaving out his bloodline and upsetting which group?which group?

DifferencesDifferences

Leadership: Leadership: – Shiite – the imam is descended from Ali, Shiite – the imam is descended from Ali,

Muhammad’s son in law, (who Muhammad declared Muhammad’s son in law, (who Muhammad declared would lead after him). Ali was assassinated and so would lead after him). Ali was assassinated and so was his son Hussein. (Hereditary leadership)was his son Hussein. (Hereditary leadership)

– Sunnis do not believe their imams are divine and can Sunnis do not believe their imams are divine and can be elected or come to power in other waysbe elected or come to power in other ways

According to Shiite, humans have option either According to Shiite, humans have option either to obey God's rules, or disobey.to obey God's rules, or disobey.The Sunni scholars on the other hand say that The Sunni scholars on the other hand say that Allah is the Creator of all of our acts Allah is the Creator of all of our acts

JihadJihad

As with any idea in religion the idea of As with any idea in religion the idea of jihad is open to interpretationjihad is open to interpretation

Holy struggle is a more correct translation Holy struggle is a more correct translation than holy warthan holy war

This could be interpreted as an inner-This could be interpreted as an inner-struggle to be a better Muslimstruggle to be a better Muslim

Also could have a violent interpretation as Also could have a violent interpretation as wellwell

Crusades-Crusades-

Military expedition to “rescue” Military expedition to “rescue” Jerusalem and the Holy Land Jerusalem and the Holy Land

from the Muslim Turks.from the Muslim Turks.

CrusaderCrusader

Someone who fights on behalf Someone who fights on behalf of a religious causeof a religious cause

1st Crusade1st Crusade

In 1097 three armies of knights began the In 1097 three armies of knights began the journey to take back the Holy Landjourney to take back the Holy Land

They slaughtered Muslim men and women They slaughtered Muslim men and women in Jerusalemin Jerusalem

The Crusades were a turning The Crusades were a turning point. They lead to extreme point. They lead to extreme distrust between religious distrust between religious

groupsgroups