jtcvs techniques

JTCVS Techniques

Editor-in-Chief G. Alexander Patterson, MD Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA

ASSOCIATE EDITORSAdult Congenital

Education

Stephen C. Yang, MD Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD, USA

James I. Fann, MDStanford University Stanford, CA, USA

Perioperative

Rakesh C. Arora, MD, PhD, FRCSCUniversity of Manitoba College of Medicine/ St. Boniface Hospital Winnipeg, Canada

Thoracic

Stephanie Fuller, MDChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Abelardo DeAnda, Jr., MD University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Galveston, TX, USA

Leora B. Balsam, MDUmass Memorial Medical CenterWorcester, MA, USA

James S. Tweddell, MDCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Heart Institute Cincinnati, OH, USA

Gaetano Rocco, MD Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer InstituteNew York, NY, USA

Francis D. Pagani, MD, PhD University of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Robert Douglas B. Jaquiss, MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

Sudish Murthy, MD, PhDCleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA

Thomas A. D’Amico, MD Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA

Vinay Badhwar, MD West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA

Scott M. Bradley, MDMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestown, SC, USA

Victor A. Ferraris, MD, PhD University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, KY, USA

Pavan Atluri, MD University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA

Ronald K. Woods, MD, PhD Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA

Robert B. Cameron, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA, USA

Dawn S. Hui, MD University of Texas Health Science CenterSan Antonio, TX, USA

Adult

Congenital

Thoracic

Biniam Kidane, MD, MSc Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Canada

Tara Karamlou, MDCleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH, USA

Stephen E. Fremes, MD, MScSunny brook Health Science CenterToronto, Canada

Farhood Farjah, MD, MPH, FACSUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA

Osman O. Al-Radi, MBBCh, MSc, FRCSCKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Umberto Benedetto, MD, PhD Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol Bristol, United Kingdom

Charles M. Wojnarski, MD, MSDuke UniversityDurham, NC, USA

ASSOCIATE STATISTICAL EDITORS

J. Hunter Mehaffey, MD, MScUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA

David Zurakowski, MSc, PhDBoston Children’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Varun Puri, MD, MSCI Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA

Paul A. Kurlansky, MD Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA

Travis J. Wilder, MD University of Utah HospitalSalt Lake City, UT, USA

Lisa M. Brown, MD, MASUniversity of California DavisSacramento, CA, USA

Daniel J.P. Burns, MD, MPhil Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA

Robert Bruce Hawkins, MD, MSc University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Elliot Wakeam, MD, MPHUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Ethics

Susan Moffatt-Bruce, MD, PhD,MBARoyal College of Surgeons and Physicians of Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Eugene H. Blackstone, MD Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA

Statistics

Vito Domenico Bruno, MD, PhD University of Bristol Bristol, United Kingdom

Mark Onaitis, MD, MSUniversity of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA

Anusha Jegatheeswaran, MD, PhD, FRCSCHospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, Canada

Adin-Cristian Andrei, PhDNorthwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA

Derrick Tam, MD, PhDUniversity of Toronto Toronto, Canada

Perioperative

DEPUTY STATISTICAL EDITORS

Emilia Bagiella, PhDIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA

Andrew D. Althouse, PhDUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA

Federico Ambrogi, PhDUniversity of MilanMilano, Italy

Richard Lee, MD, MBAAugusta UniversityAugusta, GA, USA

Carl L. Backer, MDUniversity of KentuckyKentucky Children’s HospitalLexington, KY, USA

Leonard N. Girardi, MDWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA

Igor E. Konstantinov, MD, PhD, FRACSUniveristy of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Australia

Jules Lin, MD University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Michael Lanuti, MDMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Mario F.L. Gaudino, MD Weill Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA

Thomas Ng, MDThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, TN, USA

Can Yerebakan, MD Children’s National Heart Institute Washington, DC, USA

Juan Nicholas Pulido, MD Swedish Medical Center Seattle, WA, USA

Mariya Geube, MD, FASE Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OH, USA

Adult Congenital

Bryan M. Burt, MDBaylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA

ThoracicFEATURE EDITORS

Bahaaldin Alsoufi, MD University of Louisville and Norton Children’s HospitalLouisville, KY, USA

DEPUTY STATISTICAL EDITORS

James Michael Meza, MD, MScDuke UniversityDurham, NC, USA

Carlos M. Mery, MD, MPHTexas Children’s HospitalHouston, TX, USA

Brian W. McCrindle, MD, MPH Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoToronto, Canada

Lingeng Lu, MD, PhDYale School of Public HealthNew Haven, CT, USA

David B. Nelson, MD, MScMD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA

Samantha Nemeth, MS, MA, MPHColumbia University New York, NY, USA

Mauro Lo Rito, MDIRCCS Policlinico San DonatoMilano, Italy

Benjamin D. Kozower, MD, MPHWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA

Kevin F. Kennedy, MSMid America Heart InstituteKansas City, MO, USA

Oliver K. Jawitz, MD, MHSDuke University Durham, NC, USA

Craig Jarrett, MD, MBABringham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA

Penny Houghtaling, MSCleveland Clinic, Heart and Vascular InstituteCleveland, OH, USA

Christoph P. Hornik, MD, MPH Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA

Elizabeth David, MDKeck School of Medicine,University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA

Marnie Bertolet, PhDUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA

Marcelo Cerullo, MD, MPHDuke UniversityDurham, NC, USA

Sari D. Holmes, PhDWest Virginia University MedicineMorgantown, WV, USA

Adrian Hernandez-Diaz, MD, PhDUniversity of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA

Vaibhav Gupta, MD, PhDUniversity of TorontoToronto, Canada

Ali Hage, MD, MPHWestern UniversityLondon, Ontario, Canada

William M. DeCampli, MD, PhD The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children Orlando, FL, USA

Paul J. Devlin, MD, MSc Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA

Alvise Guariento, MDHospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto, Canada

Asvin M. Ganapathi MDThe Ohio State UniversityWexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, USA

Jocelyn Beach, MD, MS Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OH, USA

Fabio Barili, MD, PhDS. Croce HospitalCuneo, Italy

Mark Berry, MDStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA

Xiaoting Wu, PhD, MSUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Mohamed Rahouma, MDWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY, USA

Vignesh Raman, MD, MHSDuke UniversityDurham, NC, USA

Jeevantham Rajeswaran, PhDCleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH, USA

Thomas J. Richards, PhD University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Paul Sergeant, MD, PhDGasthuisberg University HospitalLeuven, Belgium

Melanie Subramanian, MD, MPHSWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA

Xiaofei Wang, PhDDuke University School of Medicine Durham, NC, USA

Paul Visintainer, PhDUMass Medical School BaystateSpringfield, MA, USA

Monisha Sudarshan, MD, MPHCleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, Ohio, USA

Mary Plomondon, MSPH, PhD Colorado School of Public Health Aurora, CO, USA

Jacquelyn Quin, MDVA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury, MA, USA

Seo Young Park, PhDUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Niv Ad, MD West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute Morgantown, WV, USA

Iki Adachi, MDTexas Children’s Hospital Houston, TX, USA

Ibrahim Abdullah, MD Banner Children’s Cardon Children’s Medical Center Mesa, AZ, USA

Abbas Abbas, MDTemple University Philadelphia, PA, USA

Petros Anagnostopoulos, MD, MBA University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA

Hossein Almassi, MD Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA

Nicholas D. Andersen, MD Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC, USA

Manuel J. Antunes, MD, PhD, DScUniversity Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Coimbra, Portugal

Amedeo Anselmi, MD, PhD Potchaillou University Hospital Rennes, France

Mara B. Antonoff, MD, FACSUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA

Usman Ahmad, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA

Gabriel S. Aldea, MDUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle, WA, USA

Helen Parise, ScDBiostatistics and Clinical Trials ConsultantLas Vegas, NV, USA


Thomas M. Beaver, MD, MPH University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA

Jay Bhama, MD University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA

Ko Bando, MD, PhDJikei University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan

David James Barron, MDThe Hospital for Sick KidsToronto, Canada

Matthew J. Bott, MD Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY, USA

Erle H. Austin III, MD University of Louisville, Norton Children’s Hospital Louisville, KY, USA

John Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHAUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA

Awais Ashfaq, MDJohns Hopkins All Children’s HospitalSt Petersburg, FL, USA

Frank A. Baciewicz, Jr., MD Wayne State University/ Harper University Hospital/ Sinai-Grace HospitalDetroit, MI, USA

Faisal G. Bakaeen, MDCleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, Ohio, USA

Emile A. Bacha, MDColumbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA

Jean Bachet, MD, FEBTCS (retired)Institut Mutualiste Montsouris Paris, France

Thierry Bove, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital of GhentGhent, Belgium

John Bozinovski, MD, MSc The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, USA

David P. Bichell, MDChildren’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA

Sary F. Aranki, MDBringham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Anelechi C. Anyanwu, MD, FRCSIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA

Tohru Asai, MD, PhDJuntendo UniversityTokyo, Japan

Andrea Carpenter, MD, PhD University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA

Thierry-Piere Carrel, MD University Hospital Berne Berne, Switzerland

Sergio A. Carrillo, MD, FACS, FACCThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA

Harold M. Burkhart, MDUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK, USA

John Butterworth, MDVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, VA, USA

Duke E. Cameron, MD Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA

Stephen R. Broderick, MD, MPHSJohn Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA

Alessandro Brunelli, MD St. James’s University Hospital Leeds, United Kingdom

Roosevelt Bryant III, MDUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, OH, USA


Edward P. Chen, MDDuke University Durham, NC, USA

Haiquan Chen, MD, PhDFudan University, Shanghai, China

Jonathan M. Chen, MDChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA

Ke-Neng Chen, MD, PhDBeijing Cancer Hospital Beijing, China

Toyofumi F. Chen-Yoshikawa, MD, PhDNagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan

Michael N. D’Ambra, MD Bringham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Hiroshi Date, MD, PhDKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto, Japan

Tirone E. David, MD University of TorontoToronto, Canada

Francois Dagenais, MDLaval HospitalQuebec City, Canada

Mark A. Chaney, MD University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA

Paul Checchia, MDBaylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA

Subhasis Chatterjee, MD, FACS, FACC, FCCPBaylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA

Andrew C. Chang, MD University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Paul J. Chai, MDColumbia University Medical Center, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital - NYPNew York, NY, USA

Robert J. Cerfolio, MD, MBANew York University-Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Juan A. Crestanello, MDThe Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA

Joseph S. Coselli, MDBaylor College of Medicine; Texas Heart InstituteHouston, TX, USA

Francisco Diniz Affonso da Costa, MDINC-CardioCuritiba, Brazil

Joseph Brian Clark, MDPenn State Children’s HospitalHershey, PA, USA

Joanna Chikwe, MD, FRCSIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA

Ryan R. Davies, MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA

Joseph A. Dearani, MDMayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA

Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD Universita degli Studi Gabriele d’Annunzio Chieti e PescarChieti, Italy

Chadrick Denlinger, MD Medial University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA

Todd Demmy, MD University of BuffaloBuffalo, NY, USA

Victor Dayan, MD, PhD, FACCCentro Cardiovascular UniversitarioMontevideo, Uruguay

Jonathan D’Cunha, MD, PhD Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenix, AZ, USA


Christoph Haller, MD The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, Canada

Arnar Geirsson, MD, FACS, FAHAYale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA

Charles Fraser, MD, FACSThe University of TexasAustin, TX, USA

David Faraoni, MD, PhD, FAHA Texas Children’s HospitalHouston, TX, USA

Jonathan W. Haft, MD University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA

James Hammel, MDChildren’s Hospital and Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA

Waël C. Hanna, MDCM, MBA, FRCSCMcMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healhcare Hamilton, Canada

Ravi Kiran Ghanta, MDBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Donald D. Glower, Jr., MDDuke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA

Eugene A. Grossi, MD New York University-Langone Medical Center New York, NY, USA

Kevin L. Greason, MDMayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA

Camille L. Hancock Friesen, MDUT Southwestern, Children’s HealthDallas, TX, USA

J. William Gaynor, MDChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA

Francesco Formica, MDSan Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-BicoccaMonza, Italy

Shawn Spencer Groth, MD, MS, FACSBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Raja M. Flores, MD Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Paul W.M. Fedak, MD, PhD University of Calgary Calgary, Canada

Anthony L. Estrera, MD, FACS McGovern Medical School at UTHealth and Memorial Hermann Heart & Vascular InstituteHouston, TX, USA

Sitaram M. Emani, MDBoston Children’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA

Aaron Eckhauser, MD, MSCIUniversity of Utah/Primary Children’s HospitalSalt Lake City, UT, USA

Daniel T. Engelman, MDBaystate Medical CenterSpringfield, MA, USA

Michele Di Mauro, MD, PhD University of ChietiChieti, Italy

James A. DiNardo, MD Children’s Hospital Boston Boston, MA, USA

Yves d’Udekem, MD, PhDRoyal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Australia

Matthew Hartwig, MD, MHS, FACSDuke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA

J.W. Hayanga, MD, MPH, FACSWest Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA

Meghana Helder, MDNorth Central Heart InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA

George Leslie Hicks, Jr., MD University of Rochester Medical Center, Strong Memorial HospitalRochester, NY, USA

Chuong D. Hoang, MDNational Institutes of Health - National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer ResearchBethesda, MD, USA

Konrad Hoetzenecker, MD, PhD Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria


Richard Lazzaro, MDLenox Hill HospitalNorthwell HealthNew York, NY, USA

Jerrold Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCMDuke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA

Harold L. Lazar, MDBoston Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA

Oliver J. Liakopoulos, MDHeart Center University of CologneCologne, Germany

Natalie Lui, MD, MASStanford University Stanford, CA, USA

Jennifer S. Lawton, MDJohns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA

Damien J. LaPar, MD, MScColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Kevin P. Landolfo, MD, MScMayo ClinicJacksonville, FL, USA

Michael Hsin, MDQueen Mary HospitalHong Kong

Charles Huddleston, MD St. Louis University St. Louis, MO, USA

Joon Bum Kim, MD, PhD Asan Medical Center Seoul, South Korea

Anthony W. Kim, MDKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA

James K. Kirklin, MDUniversity of Alabama in BirminghamBirmingham, AL, USA

Jacob Klapper, MDDuke University Durham, NC, USA

Irving L. Kron, MD University of Arizona Sarver Heart CenterTucson, AZ, USA

David L. Joyce, MD, MBAMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA

S. Adil Husain, MDUniversity of Utah Health/Primary Children’s HospitalSalt Lake City, UT, USA

S. Ram Kumar, MD, PhD, FACSKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California / Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA

Minoo N. Kavarana, MD, FACS Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA

Robert S. Kramer, MD, FACS Maine Medical CenterPortland, ME, USA

Nicholas Kouchoukos, MD Washington UniversitySt. Louis, MO, USA

David Kalfa, MD, PhDColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

David Kalfa, MD, PhDColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Arman Kilic, MDMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA

TK Susheel Kumar, MDNew York University-Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Katsuhide Maeda, MD, PhDStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA

Richard D. Mainwaring, MDStanford University Stanford, CA, USA


P. Michael McFadden, MD University of Sourthern California, Keck School of Medincine Los Angeles, CA, USA

Patrick M. McCarthy, MD Northwestern University / Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicago, IL, USA

Rizwan A. Manji MD, PhD, FRCSC, MBA University of ManitobaWinnipeg, Canada

M. Blair Marshall, MD Brigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Antonio Miceli, MD, PhD Istituto Clinico Sant’Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Milano, Italy

Ari A. Mennander, MD, PhD Tampere University Hospital Tampere, Finland

Carlos A. Mestres, MD, PhD FETCSUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland

R. Scott Mitchell, MDStanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA

Daniela Molena, MDMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY, USA

Marc R. Moon, MD Washington University School MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA

David L.S. Morales, MD Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA

Ralph S. Mosca, MDNew York University- Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Katie S. Nason, MD, MPHBaystate Medical Center Springfield, MA, USA

Brian Mitzman, MDUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA

K. Annette Mizuguchi, MD, PhD, MMSc, FASE Brigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Siamak Mohammadi, MD, FRCSCQuebec Heart and Lung InstituteQuebec City, Canada

Shuab Omer, MD Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA

Tom C. Nguyen, MD, FACS, FACCUniversity of TexasHouston, TX, USA

Muralidhar Padala, PhDEmory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA

Davide Pacini, MD, PhDUniversity of BolognaBologna, Italy

Ikenna Okereke, MD, FACSHenry Ford Health SystemDetroit, MI, USA

Ashok Muniappan, MDMassachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Bryan F. Meyers, MD, MPHWashington University School of MedicineSaint Louis, MO, USA

Christopher Mascio, MDWest Virginia University Medicine Children’s Heart CenterMorgantown, WV, USA

Gaetano Paone, MD, MHSAEmory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA

Subroto Paul, MD, MPHRJWBarnabas Health West Orange, NJ, USA

Christian Pizarro, MDAlfred I. DuPont Hospital for ChildrenThomas Jefferson UniversityWilmington, DE, USA


Hans-Joachim Schäfers, MD Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg/Saar, Germany

Oz M. Shapira, MD Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem, Israel

Richard J. Shemin, MDUniversity of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA

Tomas A. Salerno, MD University of Miami / Jackson Memorial HospitalMiami, FL, USA

Ming-Sing Si, MDC.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA

Smita Sihag, MD, MPHMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY, USA

Edward Y. Sako, MD, PhD University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA

Fraser D. Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSCUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Canada

Harold Roberts, MD Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA

Daniel Raymond, MD Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA

Michael J. Reardon, MDHouston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular CenterHouston, TX, USA

Siva Raja, MD, PhD, FACSCleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OH, USA

Scott I. Reznik, MDUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA

R. Taylor Ripley, MDNational Institutes of Health - National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer ResearchBethesda, MD, USA

T. Brett Reece, MDUniversity of ColoradoAurora, CO, USA

Jack Shanewise, MD, FASE Columbia University New York, NY, USA

Ourania Preventza, MD, MBA, FACS Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA

Alan M. Speir, MDInova Health SystemFalls Church, VA, USA

Louis Stein, MD, PhD Albany Medical CollegeAlbany, NY, USA

James St. Louis, MD Children’s Mercy HospitalKansas City, MO, USA

Ashish S. Shah, MDVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA

Keshava Rajagopal, MD, PhDUniversity of Houston College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Danny Ramzy, MD, PhDCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA, USA

Neel R. Sodha, MDBrown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA

Elizabeth Stephens, MD, PhDMayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA

Ibrahim Sultan, MD University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA

Rakesh M. Suri, MD, D.Phil Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA


Grayson H. Wheatley III, MD, FACS, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Bryan A. Whitson, MD, PhD The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, USA

David D. Yuh, MD Stamford Hospital Stamford, CT, USA

Michael H. Yamashita, MDCM, MPH, CPH, FRCSCUniversity of ManitobaCollege of Medicine/St. Boniface HospitalWinnipeg, Canada

David Scott Winlaw, MBBS, MD, FRACSCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA

Sai Yendamuri, MBBSRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY, USA

Jakob Vinten-Johansen, PhD Emory UniversityGrayson, GA, USA

Benjamin Wei, MDUniversity of Alabama– BirminghamBirmingham, AL, USA

Nirmal Veeramachaneni, MD University of KansasKansas City, KS, USA

Benny Weksler, MBA, MD Allegheny Health Network/Allegheny General HospitalPittsburgh, PA, USA

Song Wan, MD, FRCS, FACC The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China

Aaron J. Weiss, MD Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OH, USA

Chi-Fu Yang, MD Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA

Betty Caroline Tong, MD, MS, MHSDuke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA

Joseph Turek, MD, PhD Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA

Hiroo Takayama, MD, PhD Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, NY, USA

Vinod H. Thourani, MD Piedmont Heart InstituteAtlanta, GA, USA

Nicholas R. Teman, MD University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA, USA

Lars G. Svensson, MD, PhD Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH, USA

Frederick A. Tibayan, MDOregon Health & Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA

Dirk Van Raemdonck, MDUZ LeuvenLeuven, Belgium

Tomasz A. Timek, MD Spectrum Health GroupGrand Rapids, MI, USA

Victor van Berkel, MD, PhD Univeristy of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA

jtcvs techniques

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