joshua gurtler 11/19/2011 background to darwinian evolution microevolution vs. macroevolution and...

Joshua Gurtler 11/19/2011 Joshua Gurtler 11/19/2011 www.Extonchurch.orgwww.Extonchurch.org 11

Background to Darwinian EvolutionBackground to Darwinian Evolution

Microevolution vs. Macroevolution and Animal KindsMicroevolution vs. Macroevolution and Animal Kinds

Joshua Gurtler 11/19/2011 Joshua Gurtler 11/19/2011 www.Extonchurch.orgwww.Extonchurch.org

What We Will Learn about What We Will Learn about “Animal Kinds” in This Lesson“Animal Kinds” in This Lesson

A)A) Fixity of Fixity of Animal KindsAnimal Kinds Precludes Precludes (Disproves) Darwinian Evolution(Disproves) Darwinian Evolution

B)B) Animals Can Vary/Change Within Animals Can Vary/Change Within Their Kind (Their Kind (MicroevolutionMicroevolution), But Not ), But Not Outside Their Kind (Outside Their Kind (MacroevolutionMacroevolution). ).

C)C) Similarities in Created Kinds Similarities in Created Kinds Reflects an Reflects an Intelligent DesignerIntelligent Designer

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IntroductionIntroduction



Against EvidentialismAgainst Evidentialism- - HumanismHumanism, , ScientismScientism, , RationalismRationalism, and , and EvidentialismEvidentialism affirm affirm that we can know ultimate eternal truth via human reasoning.that we can know ultimate eternal truth via human reasoning.

- Ultimate eternal truth can only be obtained through an - Ultimate eternal truth can only be obtained through an ultimate and eternal mind: the mind of the creator.ultimate and eternal mind: the mind of the creator.

““My goal is that they may be encouraged in heart and united in My goal is that they may be encouraged in heart and united in love, so that they may have the full riches of love, so that they may have the full riches of complete complete understandingunderstanding, in order that they may know the mystery of , in order that they may know the mystery of God, namely, Christ, in whom are hidden God, namely, Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of all the treasures of wisdom and knowledgewisdom and knowledge.” .” (Col. 2:3)(Col. 2:3)

- Then why study science in the origins debate? - Then why study science in the origins debate? To let science To let science point us BACK to God’s divine revelation – “The Bible Has The point us BACK to God’s divine revelation – “The Bible Has The Answers”Answers”

– – History, geology, archaeology, paleontology, anthropology, History, geology, archaeology, paleontology, anthropology, psychology, sociology, microbiology, biochemistry, anatomy, psychology, sociology, microbiology, biochemistry, anatomy, astronomy all point back to an eternal creator- - - - astronomy all point back to an eternal creator- - - - GEN. 1:1-31GEN. 1:1-31

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What Is Creation Science?What Is Creation Science?"We have no basis on the record to conclude that "We have no basis on the record to conclude that

creation science need be anything other than a creation science need be anything other than a collection of scientific data supporting the theory collection of scientific data supporting the theory that life abruptly appeared on the earth."that life abruptly appeared on the earth."United States Supreme Court Justices Antonin Scalia and William United States Supreme Court Justices Antonin Scalia and William Rehnquist, Rehnquist, Edwards vs. Aguillard, Dissent (1987)Edwards vs. Aguillard, Dissent (1987). .

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A Literal “Day”?A Literal “Day”?If we can’t believe that the word “day” in If we can’t believe that the word “day” in Genesis 1Genesis 1 is a literal 24 is a literal 24 hour day because of humanistic “science” then:hour day because of humanistic “science” then:

1.1. Why is each use of “day” accompanied by the phrase “morning Why is each use of “day” accompanied by the phrase “morning and evening” in and evening” in Gen. 1Gen. 1??

2.2. Why did Moses teach that these were 24-hour days in Why did Moses teach that these were 24-hour days in Exodus Exodus 20:1120:11? ? “Six “Six daysdays you shall labor and do all your work, but the you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh seventh dayday is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no work. . . For in six do no work. . . For in six daysdays the Lord made the heavens and the the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh dayday.” .”

3.3. How do we believe the “unscientific” virgin birth of Jesus?How do we believe the “unscientific” virgin birth of Jesus?

4.4. How do we believe the “unscientific” resurrection?How do we believe the “unscientific” resurrection?

5.5. How do we believe the “unscientific” miracles of the O.T. and How do we believe the “unscientific” miracles of the O.T. and N.T.? N.T.?

We can’t believe any of the Bible, if we’ve already established We can’t believe any of the Bible, if we’ve already established from from Gen. 1 Gen. 1 that humanistic science supersedes scripture.that humanistic science supersedes scripture.

- Ultimate and eternal truth can only be obtained through an - Ultimate and eternal truth can only be obtained through an ultimate and eternal mind: the mind of the creator.ultimate and eternal mind: the mind of the creator.

““My goal is that they may be encouraged in heart and united in My goal is that they may be encouraged in heart and united in love, so that they may have the full riches of love, so that they may have the full riches of complete complete understandingunderstanding, in order that they may know the mystery of , in order that they may know the mystery of God, namely, Christ, in whom are hidden God, namely, Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of all the treasures of wisdom and knowledgewisdom and knowledge.” .” (Col. 2:3)(Col. 2:3)

- Then why study science in the origins debate? - Then why study science in the origins debate? To point To point BACK to God’s divine revelation BACK to God’s divine revelation

– – History, geology, archaeology, paleontology, psychology, History, geology, archaeology, paleontology, psychology, microbiology, biochemistry, anatomy, astronomy all point back microbiology, biochemistry, anatomy, astronomy all point back to an eternal creator - - - - - - to an eternal creator - - - - - - GEN. 1:1-31GEN. 1:1-31

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Slandering Creationists ISlandering Creationists I

““When are you going to accept When are you going to accept science and quit trying to create science and quit trying to create a new dark age for humanity?”a new dark age for humanity?”

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Credit: Jason Lisle, Credit: Jason Lisle, Ultimate Proof of Creation. Ultimate Proof of Creation. 2009. 2009. New Leaf Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR. New Leaf Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR.


Slandering Creationists IISlandering Creationists II““Your position is so stiff. If everyone Your position is so stiff. If everyone were like you we would still be without were like you we would still be without cars, mathematics, chemistry, geology, cars, mathematics, chemistry, geology, archaeology and any other science. I archaeology and any other science. I hope some day you can rethink your hope some day you can rethink your position and humanity can walk position and humanity can walk together toward progress, prosperity together toward progress, prosperity and knowledge.”and knowledge.”

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Credit: Jason Lisle, Credit: Jason Lisle, Ultimate Proof of Creation. Ultimate Proof of Creation. 2009. New Leaf 2009. New Leaf Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR. Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR.


Slandering Creationists IIISlandering Creationists III““Your denial of basic science will, in the long run, Your denial of basic science will, in the long run, discredit you and your cause. The empirical discredit you and your cause. The empirical evidence is available for all to consider. Your evidence is available for all to consider. Your message is akin to asking us to believe that the message is akin to asking us to believe that the world is flat or that the sun revolves around the world is flat or that the sun revolves around the earth, despite overwhelming empirical evidence to earth, despite overwhelming empirical evidence to the contrary. How can you honestly deny science the contrary. How can you honestly deny science and be so ignorant to the obvious truth about our and be so ignorant to the obvious truth about our beginnings? . . . stop leading people in nonsense beginnings? . . . stop leading people in nonsense and lies. If anyone has half a brain they’re going to and lies. If anyone has half a brain they’re going to listen to science for truth and not 4,000 year old listen to science for truth and not 4,000 year old stories written by goat herders.”stories written by goat herders.”

2020Credit: Jason Lisle, Credit: Jason Lisle, Ultimate Proof of Creation. Ultimate Proof of Creation. 2009. New Leaf 2009. New Leaf Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR. Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR.


Slandering Creationists IVSlandering Creationists IV““If perchance there is a God and reason behind If perchance there is a God and reason behind this madness they certainly will not be found in a this madness they certainly will not be found in a book as flawed and disgusting as the Bible. The book as flawed and disgusting as the Bible. The claim that T-Rex was a vegetarian prior to the fall claim that T-Rex was a vegetarian prior to the fall is so absurd it scarcely deserves commentary.”is so absurd it scarcely deserves commentary.”

Comment: I remain open to the possibility of pre-flood Comment: I remain open to the possibility of pre-flood vegetarianism of animal-kind. Beyond the possibility of vegetarianism of animal-kind. Beyond the possibility of supernatural intervention, there are vegetarian animals supernatural intervention, there are vegetarian animals today who, by all appearances, would be assumed to be today who, by all appearances, would be assumed to be carnivorous: (e.g. panda bear, fruit bat, case of the lion carnivorous: (e.g. panda bear, fruit bat, case of the lion that wouldn’t eat meat, dogs on corn/soy diets, etc.)that wouldn’t eat meat, dogs on corn/soy diets, etc.)

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Credit: Jason Lisle, Credit: Jason Lisle, Ultimate Proof of Creation. Ultimate Proof of Creation. 2009. New Leaf 2009. New Leaf Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR. Publishing Group: Green Forest, AR.


The philosophy that all life on earth The philosophy that all life on earth graduallygradually evolved from a single-celled evolved from a single-celled organism by means of random mutations organism by means of random mutations and natural selection (i.e., survival of the and natural selection (i.e., survival of the fittest). AKA, “particles to people” or fittest). AKA, “particles to people” or “molecules to man.”“molecules to man.”

What is Evolution?What is Evolution?(AKA, Naturalistic Evolution, Neo-(AKA, Naturalistic Evolution, Neo-

Darwinism, Darwinism, or Darwinism, Darwinism, or The General Theory of Evolution)The General Theory of Evolution)


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I. The History of Darwinian EvolutionI. The History of Darwinian EvolutionMen have been trying to explain God away for

over 3,000 years

1) Psalms 14:1; 53:1

2) Ancient Greeks: Thales (588 B.C.) Anaximander (570 B.C.); Empedocles (455 B.C.); Democritus (420 B.C.); Strato (288 B.C.)

rajama.net

Thales, 588 B.C. Anaximander, 570 B.C.

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Evolution Proposed Prior to Charles DarwinEvolution Proposed Prior to Charles Darwin

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772-1844)Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) Robert Grant (1793-1874)

Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802)Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) Edward Blyth (1810-1873)


Darwin Admitted His WeaknessDarwin Admitted His Weakness

““Why is not every geological Why is not every geological formation and every stratum formation and every stratum full of such intermediate full of such intermediate links? links? Geology assuredly Geology assuredly does not reveal any such does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic finely-graduated organic chain; and chain; and this, perhaps, is this, perhaps, is the most obvious and the most obvious and serious objection which can serious objection which can be urged against the theory”be urged against the theory”

- - The Origin of Species, The Origin of Species, 1872 1872 edition, pp. 264, 265edition, pp. 264, 265


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““The record of evolution is still The record of evolution is still surprisingly jerky and, surprisingly jerky and, ironically, we have even ironically, we have even fewer fewer examples examples of evolutionary of evolutionary transition than we had in transition than we had in Darwin’s time.”Darwin’s time.”--Raup, David M., “Conflicts Between Raup, David M., “Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology,” Darwin and Paleontology,” Bulletin, Field Bulletin, Field Museum of Natural HistoryMuseum of Natural History, vol. 50 , vol. 50 (January 1979), p. 25. Raup is Curator of (January 1979), p. 25. Raup is Curator of Geology at the Field Museum of Natural Geology at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.History, Chicago.


““What the ‘record’ shows is nearly a What the ‘record’ shows is nearly a century of fudging and finagling by century of fudging and finagling by scientists attempting to force scientists attempting to force various fossil morsels and various fossil morsels and fragments to conform with Darwin’s fragments to conform with Darwin’s notions, all to no avail. Today the notions, all to no avail. Today the millions of fossils stand as very millions of fossils stand as very visible, ever-present reminders of visible, ever-present reminders of the paltriness of the arguments and the paltriness of the arguments and the overall shabbiness of the the overall shabbiness of the theory theory that marches under the banner of that marches under the banner of evolution.”evolution.”

- Jeremy Rifkin, - Jeremy Rifkin, AlgenyAlgeny, p. 125; (New York: , p. 125; (New York: Viking Press, 1983) [Evolutionist, advisor to Viking Press, 1983) [Evolutionist, advisor to France, Germany, Portugal, Slovenia, 17 France, Germany, Portugal, Slovenia, 17 best-selling books on economics and the best-selling books on economics and the environment. environment. The National Journal The National Journal named named Rifkin as one of 150 people in the U.S. most Rifkin as one of 150 people in the U.S. most influence in shaping federal government influence in shaping federal government policy.policy. ]]


a.a. Change (microevolution) occurs Change (microevolution) occurs within animal kinds (i.e., groups or within animal kinds (i.e., groups or types, within phylogentic boundaries, types, within phylogentic boundaries, aka variation within a kind)aka variation within a kind)

b.b. Microevolution does not cross Microevolution does not cross phylogenetic boundaries into phylogenetic boundaries into macroevolution (i.e., animals do not macroevolution (i.e., animals do not change outside their kind)change outside their kind)

II. The Microevolution MaximII. The Microevolution Maxim


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Gen. 1:21, 24, 25Gen. 1:21, 24, 25 “ “So God created great sea creatures and every So God created great sea creatures and every

living thing that moves, with which the waters living thing that moves, with which the waters abounded, according to their abounded, according to their kindkind, and every , and every winged bird according to its winged bird according to its kindkind. And God saw . And God saw

that it was good.”that it was good.” “ “Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the

living creature according to its living creature according to its kindkind: cattle and : cattle and creeping thing and beast of the earth, each creeping thing and beast of the earth, each according to its according to its kindkind; and it was so. And God ; and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth according to its made the beast of the earth according to its kindkind, cattle according to its , cattle according to its kindkind, and everything , and everything that creeps on the earth according to its that creeps on the earth according to its kindkind. . And God saw that it was good.”And God saw that it was good.”

Note: “Min” is the Note: “Min” is the Hebrew Hebrew word for “kind.”word for “kind.”


What Is Baraminology?What Is Baraminology?““Baraminology is a creationist taxonomic Baraminology is a creationist taxonomic

system that classifies animals into groups system that classifies animals into groups called "created kinds" or "baramins” called "created kinds" or "baramins” according to the account of creation in the according to the account of creation in the book of Genesis. It claims that differing book of Genesis. It claims that differing kinds cannot interbreed, and have no kinds cannot interbreed, and have no evolutionary relationship to one another.” evolutionary relationship to one another.” First Proposed by Frank Marsh in 1941. First Proposed by Frank Marsh in 1941.

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> 1,300 Varieties of Roses> 1,300 Varieties of Roses

www.mr-roses.com

Carl Linne’s (Carolus Linnaeus) Carl Linne’s (Carolus Linnaeus) Taxonomic Classification SchemeTaxonomic Classification Scheme

KingdomKingdomPhylumPhylumClassClassOrderOrderFamilyFamilyGenusGenus

speciesspecies


1707-17781707-1778


CanidaeCanidae Canis Canis

CoyoteCoyote JackalJackal

Sdsnake.com animals.nationalgeographic.com daveparsons.com

WolfWolf



CoywolfCoywolfSciencetrio.wordpress.com

Wikipedia.com


CanidaeCanidae Canis lupus rufus Canis lupus rufus

Red WolfRed WolfWikipedia.com Audobon North American Field Guide to Mammals



CoyoteCoyote JackalJackal

Sdsnake.com animals.nationalgeographic.com daveparsons.com

WolfWolf

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Great Dane vs. ChihuahuaGreat Dane vs. Chihuahua

http://chweetpics.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Great-Dane-and-Chihuahua-small.jpg


FelidaeFelidae Panthera Panthera

TigerTiger

animals.nationalgeographic.com animals.nationalgeographic.com

LionLion


LigerLiger

TigonTigonLiger.com

news.nationalgeographic.com


Domestic Cat Domestic Cat

CaracalCaracal

www.petpeoplesplace.com/resources/gallery/images/uploads/Abyssinian_802904131.jpg

www.zooinstitutes.com/animals/1385.jpg


CaracatCaracat


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www.filebrothers.com/screenshot/horse-running-beach.jpg

Equidae Equidae Equus zebra Equus zebra Equidae Equidae Equus ferus Equus ferus

http://thequickanddirtydirty.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/zebra.jpg


ZebroidZebroid

www.oddee.com/item_96640.aspx

Equidae Equidae Equus zebra + Equus zebra + Equidae Equidae Equus ferus = Equus ferus =


What We Don’t SeeWhat We Don’t See


What We Don’t See: A RhinebraWhat We Don’t See: A Rhinebra

www.worth1000.com/hosted/tutorials/151216_copy_57200524520PM_1c_finished.jpg


What We Don’t See: A Bird DogWhat We Don’t See: A Bird Dog



What We Don’t See: A Fox BirdWhat We Don’t See: A Fox Bird


What We Don’t See: A Spider BearWhat We Don’t See: A Spider Bear



What We Don’t See: Giraffe TurtleWhat We Don’t See: Giraffe Turtle


What We Don’t See: A ZebrantWhat We Don’t See: A Zebrant



www.livingwilderness.com/wildlife/bison-standing.html

Bovidae Bovidae Bos primigeniusBos primigenius (aka, Domesticated Cattle)(aka, Domesticated Cattle)

Bovidae Bovidae Bison bison Bison bison (>800 breeds)(>800 breeds)

http://kenfuchs42.net/lonestar2008_01.html


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http://cdmi.cesr.fr/pub/Sandbox/ANewCamel/camel.jpg

Camelidae Camelidae Camelus bactrianus Camelus bactrianus Camelidae Camelidae Lama glamaLama glama

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Domestic_Lama.jpg


CamaCama

www.hemmy.net/2006/06/19/top-10-hybrid-animals/

Camelidae Camelidae Camelus bactrianus + Camelus bactrianus + Camelidae Camelidae Lama glama = Lama glama =


Gen. 1:21, 24, 25Gen. 1:21, 24, 25 “ “So God created great sea creatures and every So God created great sea creatures and every

living thing that moves, with which the waters living thing that moves, with which the waters abounded, according to their abounded, according to their kindkind, and every , and every winged bird according to its winged bird according to its kindkind. And God saw . And God saw

that it was good.”that it was good.” “ “Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the

living creature according to its living creature according to its kindkind: cattle and : cattle and creeping thing and beast of the earth, each creeping thing and beast of the earth, each according to its according to its kindkind; and it was so. And God ; and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth according to its made the beast of the earth according to its kindkind, cattle according to its , cattle according to its kindkind, and everything , and everything that creeps on the earth according to its that creeps on the earth according to its kindkind. . And God saw that it was good.”And God saw that it was good.”

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Bird Bird Snake Turtle Snake Turtle

≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ Bat Rat Cat Bat Rat Cat

≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠

Dog Pig Monkey Dog Pig Monkey

≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠

ManMan

5757Infraorder of Related DinosaursInfraorder of Related Dinosaurs


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Humanists have argued Humanists have argued chimpanzees chimpanzees may be our closest living “relative” because 98.5-99.4% may be our closest living “relative” because 98.5-99.4% of our DNA is homologous. of our DNA is homologous. The Journal The Journal Nature, Nature, in 2005, had a special issue dedicated to the chimp genome and in 2005, had a special issue dedicated to the chimp genome and chimp/humanchimp/human relatedness. Some called it “the most dramatic confirmation yet.” One relatedness. Some called it “the most dramatic confirmation yet.” One headline stated, “Charles Darwin was Right and Chimp Gene Map Proves It.” headline stated, “Charles Darwin was Right and Chimp Gene Map Proves It.” What did they find? There was 50% less similarity between What did they find? There was 50% less similarity between chimpchimp and and humanhuman DNA than DNA than previously thought (i.e., 96%)previously thought (i.e., 96%)This seems highly similar, but human genome has This seems highly similar, but human genome has 2.9 billion base pairs2.9 billion base pairs, so this amounts to , so this amounts to 116 million differences116 million differences!!Plus, there are 40-45 million genes in Plus, there are 40-45 million genes in humanshumans missing from missing from chimpschimps and vice versa, or up to and vice versa, or up to 161,000,000 differences 161,000,000 differences in in humanhuman and and chimpchimp DNA. (Sickle cell anemia is only a single base DNA. (Sickle cell anemia is only a single base pair difference!)pair difference!)

III. What Do Similarities in Human III. What Do Similarities in Human and Chimpanzee DNA Indicate?and Chimpanzee DNA Indicate?


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The Point? If The Point? If HumansHumans evolved from evolved from chimp-likechimp-like creatures, it creatures, it would require at least would require at least 150 million beneficial, persistent 150 million beneficial, persistent (accumulating) mutations(accumulating) mutations. . . . But we can’t find one!. . . . But we can’t find one!Further, this evolutionary process supposedly occurred in Further, this evolutionary process supposedly occurred in only 300,000 generations (i.e., 6 million years)only 300,000 generations (i.e., 6 million years)HOWEVER, a bacterium with a 20 min. generation time, goes HOWEVER, a bacterium with a 20 min. generation time, goes through 368,320 generations in only 14 years and, yet we don’t through 368,320 generations in only 14 years and, yet we don’t see ONE positive, persistent (accumulating) mutation, much see ONE positive, persistent (accumulating) mutation, much less less 150 million150 million!!Finally, although Finally, although chimpschimps and and humanshumans are supposed to be are supposed to be more closely related, sharing a common ancestor that came more closely related, sharing a common ancestor that came after the after the gorillasgorillas, guess what was found when comparing their , guess what was found when comparing their three genomes?. . . . 18-29% of human genetic markers are three genomes?. . . . 18-29% of human genetic markers are more similar to more similar to gorillasgorillas than to than to chimpschimps – (which disproves – (which disproves evolution) reflects an intelligent designer making mix-and-evolution) reflects an intelligent designer making mix-and-match mosaics in creation (cf. match mosaics in creation (cf. duck billed platypusduck billed platypus, , red pandared panda, , humanhuman and and octopus eyesoctopus eyes, etc.)., etc.).

What Do Similarities in Human and Chimpanzee DNA What Do Similarities in Human and Chimpanzee DNA Indicate?Indicate?


Common AncestorCommon AncestorOrOr

COMMON DESIGNER?COMMON DESIGNER?


Animals can vary/change Animals can vary/change ((microevolutionmicroevolution) within their kind, ) within their kind, but not outside their kind but not outside their kind ((macroevolutionmacroevolution).).

ConclusionConclusion

joshua gurtler 11/19/2011 background to darwinian evolution microevolution vs. macroevolution and...

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