JointsJointsThe place where two bones meet

Fibrous Joints of the skull

JointsJoints►Are classified according to the degree Are classified according to the degree

of movement.of movement.►ImmovableImmovable►Slightly movableSlightly movable►Freely movableFreely movable

► Joints can also be grouped by the type Joints can also be grouped by the type of tissueof tissue

►Fibrous, cartilaginous, & synovialFibrous, cartilaginous, & synovial

Fibrous JointsFibrous Joints

► A thin layer of A thin layer of dense dense connective tissueconnective tissue joins joins the bones.the bones.

► No appreciable No appreciable movement, limited movement, limited flexibility.flexibility.

EX. Sutures of the skull.EX. Sutures of the skull.

Cartilaginous JointsCartilaginous Joints

► Disks of Disks of fibrocartilagefibrocartilage or or hyalinehyaline cartilage. cartilage.

► Slightly flexibleSlightly flexible and allows and allows limited movement.limited movement.

► Disks help absorb shock and Disks help absorb shock and helps to equalize pressure helps to equalize pressure between adjacent vertebrae.between adjacent vertebrae.

Ex. Intervertebral disk, Ex. Intervertebral disk, symphysis pubis, & first rib symphysis pubis, & first rib of the sternumof the sternum

disks

Synovial JointsSynovial Joints► Synovial joints allow Synovial joints allow

for for free movementfree movement..► Articular ends are Articular ends are

covered with hyaline covered with hyaline cartilage and a cartilage and a tubular capsule tubular capsule holding them in holding them in place.place.

► The synovial The synovial membrane secretes membrane secretes synovial fluidsynovial fluid which which helps lubricate the helps lubricate the joints.joints.

Synovial fluid

Spongy bone

Joint capsule

Articular cartilage

Synovial membrane

Types of Synovial JointsTypes of Synovial Joints

►Ball & Socket, allows a wider range of motion Ball & Socket, allows a wider range of motion than does any other kind. Permits movement than does any other kind. Permits movement in all planes.in all planes.

►Shoulder and Hip (movement in more than one plane)Shoulder and Hip (movement in more than one plane)

►Gliding, nearly flatGliding, nearly flat►Wrist, ankle, & adjacent vertebraeWrist, ankle, & adjacent vertebrae

►Hinge, convex surface fits into a concave oneHinge, convex surface fits into a concave one►Elbow and Phalanges (permits movement in one planeElbow and Phalanges (permits movement in one plane))

Types of Synovial JointsTypes of Synovial Joints►Pivot Joint, movement is limited to the Pivot Joint, movement is limited to the

rotation around a central axis.rotation around a central axis.►neck and proximal ends of the radius & ulna.neck and proximal ends of the radius & ulna.

►Saddle Joint, allows movement in two Saddle Joint, allows movement in two directions, but without rotation.directions, but without rotation.

►thumbthumb

►Condyloid, movement in all planes, but Condyloid, movement in all planes, but no rotation.no rotation.

►Metacarpals and phalangesMetacarpals and phalanges

Synovial JointSynovial Joint

► Ball & Socket JointBall & Socket Joint Freely movable in all Freely movable in all

planesplanes

► Movement in all Movement in all planesplanes

► Shoulder and hipShoulder and hip

Gliding JointsGliding Joints

► Gliding JointsGliding Joints Nearly FlatNearly Flat Wrist and AnkleWrist and Ankle

► Sliding or twistingSliding or twisting► Wrist and ankleWrist and ankle

Hinge JointHinge Joint

► Convex surface Convex surface articulates with a articulates with a convex surfaceconvex surface

► Flexion & ExtensionFlexion & Extension► EX: Elbow, Knee EX: Elbow, Knee

and Phalangesand Phalanges

Pivot JointPivot Joint

► Cylindrical surface Cylindrical surface of one bone of one bone articulates with articulates with ring of anotherring of another

► RotationRotation► Proximal end of Proximal end of

the radius and the radius and ulna and neckulna and neck

Saddle JointSaddle Joint

► Articulating surfaces Articulating surfaces have both concave have both concave and convex surfacesand convex surfaces

► Variety of Variety of movementsmovements

► thumbthumb

Condyloid JointCondyloid Joint► Oval end articulates Oval end articulates

with an elliptical with an elliptical cavitycavity

► Variety of Variety of movementsmovements

► Joints between the Joints between the metacarpals and metacarpals and phalangesphalanges