JOINT MILITARY APPRECIATIONJOINT MILITARY APPRECIATION

PROCESSPROCESS

(JMAP)(JMAP)

DEPLOYABLE JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERSDEPLOYABLE JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERSDEPLOYABLE JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERSDEPLOYABLE JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERS

DJFHQ Adaptation and DJFHQ Adaptation and ImplementationImplementation

Why BotherWhy BotherWhy BotherWhy Bother

* I don’t work at this level.I don’t work at this level.

* I’m in a Service or Unit that doesn’t use this I’m in a Service or Unit that doesn’t use this process for very good reasons.process for very good reasons.

* It’s just more bloody theory anyway - only It’s just more bloody theory anyway - only ever used at Training Institutions. ever used at Training Institutions.

Why BotherWhy BotherWhy BotherWhy Bother* Well it isn’t just theory any more. We are in the Well it isn’t just theory any more. We are in the

busiest operational planning period of my career.busiest operational planning period of my career.

* Similar processes are used by Defence Forces around Similar processes are used by Defence Forces around the world.the world.

* You must certainly modify it to suit your purposes but You must certainly modify it to suit your purposes but directions you are likely to receive have been directions you are likely to receive have been formulated using this process so it best to get to grips formulated using this process so it best to get to grips with it.with it.

I promise:I promise:I promise:I promise:

* As little doctrine as possible.As little doctrine as possible.

* Personal views based on either operations Personal views based on either operations or major exercises.or major exercises.

* A joint perspective.A joint perspective.

A lecture is the process by A lecture is the process by which the notes of the lecturer which the notes of the lecturer become the notes of the become the notes of the students, without passing students, without passing through the minds of either.through the minds of either.

R.K. RathburnR.K. Rathburn

An expert is one who knows so An expert is one who knows so much about so little that he can much about so little that he can neither be contradicted, nor is neither be contradicted, nor is worth contradictingworth contradicting

Henry WardHenry Ward

JMAPJMAP

JIPBJIPB

STEP 1:STEP 1: MISSIONMISSIONANALYSISANALYSIS

STEP 2:STEP 2:Course of ActionCourse of ActionDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

STEP 3:STEP 3:

Comd’s Guidance

Course of ActionCourse of ActionANALYSISANALYSIS

STEP 4:STEP 4:DECISION &DECISION &EXECUTIONEXECUTION

Modified COA’s

PreliminaryPreliminary ScopingScoping

Deficiencies/RequirementsDeficiencies/RequirementsDeficiencies/RequirementsDeficiencies/Requirements* Situational Awareness across the staffSituational Awareness across the staff

* Linkages between Components, BOS and staff Linkages between Components, BOS and staff functionsfunctions

* Utility of current products - Inputs/OutputsUtility of current products - Inputs/Outputs

* Gap between Mission Analysis and COA Gap between Mission Analysis and COA DevelopmentDevelopment

* Time ManagementTime Management

I took a speed reading course I took a speed reading course and read and read War and PeaceWar and Peace in in twenty minutes.twenty minutes.

Its about Russia.Its about Russia.

Woody AllenWoody Allen

Planning GroupsPlanning GroupsPlanning GroupsPlanning Groups

* Commander’s Planning GroupCommander’s Planning Group

* Joint Planning GroupJoint Planning Group

* Joint Admin Planning GroupJoint Admin Planning Group

* Joint Intelligence Planning GroupJoint Intelligence Planning Group

* Joint Surveillance and Targeting Planning Joint Surveillance and Targeting Planning Group and Targeting BoardGroup and Targeting Board

JMAPJMAP

JIPBJIPB

STEP 1:STEP 1: MISSIONMISSIONANALYSISANALYSIS

STEP 2:STEP 2:Course of ActionCourse of ActionDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

STEP 3:STEP 3:

Comd’s Guidance

Course of ActionCourse of ActionANALYSISANALYSIS

STEP 4:STEP 4:DECISION &DECISION &EXECUTIONEXECUTION

Modified COA’s

PreliminaryPreliminary ScopingScoping

PRELIMINARY SCOPINGPRELIMINARY SCOPINGPRELIMINARY SCOPINGPRELIMINARY SCOPING* Situation update/Forces Available - Situation update/Forces Available - a need for the a need for the

reintroduction of relative strengths.reintroduction of relative strengths.

* Strategic/Higher direction - Strategic/Higher direction - clarity and focus are the essential clarity and focus are the essential requirements.requirements.

* Commander’s initial guidanceCommander’s initial guidance

* Planning timelinePlanning timeline

* Division of responsibilitiesDivision of responsibilities

Preliminary ScopingPreliminary ScopingPreliminary ScopingPreliminary Scoping* The initial CPG MeetingThe initial CPG Meeting

Incorporating the componentsIncorporating the components

Set the focus for IPB Set the focus for IPB

Determine the initial staff effortDetermine the initial staff effort

Establish the time managementEstablish the time management

Time ManagementTime ManagementTime ManagementTime Management

Time ManagementTime ManagementTime ManagementTime Management

MISSION ANALYSIS 20%

MISSION ANALYSIS 50%

COG / DE CONSTRUCT 10%MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF 30%COMD GUIDANCE 10%

COA DEV 30%

BROAD COA DEV 20%SCHEME OF MANOUEVRE 50%COA DEV BRIEF 20%COMD GUIDANCE 10%

COA ANALYSIS 30%

PREP FOR WARGAMING 20%WARGAMING 60%PROD OF SYNCH / DSM 10%COMD GUIDANCE 10%

DECISION / EXECUTION 10%

COA COMPARISON 10%DECISION BRIEF 70%COMD GUIDANCE 20%

ORDERS PRODUCTION 10%

WRITE ORDER 60%EDIT BY J5 / J3 15%EDIT BY COFS 10%EDIT BY COMD 5%REPRODUCTION / DISTR 10%

Intelligence Preparation of the Intelligence Preparation of the BattlespaceBattlespaceIntelligence Preparation of the Intelligence Preparation of the BattlespaceBattlespace

* Getting the composition of the JIPG right.Getting the composition of the JIPG right. For example - the need for joint logisticians For example - the need for joint logisticians

* The utility of higher level product. Country The utility of higher level product. Country studies vs the need for an analysis of strategic studies vs the need for an analysis of strategic and operational level COG.and operational level COG.

* The ability to analyse and articulate the The ability to analyse and articulate the intangible.intangible.

Mission AnalysisMission AnalysisMission AnalysisMission Analysis

* COG Construct considered earlier than COA DevCOG Construct considered earlier than COA Dev

* Proposed Decisive Events and Draft Comd’s Proposed Decisive Events and Draft Comd’s Intent (Method Statement)Intent (Method Statement)

* Improved Situational AwarenessImproved Situational Awareness

* Preparation for COA DevelopmentPreparation for COA Development Decisive Event linkagesDecisive Event linkages

And a chance for the staff to And a chance for the staff to think on their feet under think on their feet under pressurepressure

And a chance for the staff to And a chance for the staff to think on their feet under think on their feet under pressurepressure

Did they pass the Charles De Gaulle Did they pass the Charles De Gaulle test?test?

Charles De Gaulle looked like a Charles De Gaulle looked like a female llama surprised in her female llama surprised in her bath.bath.

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

Charles De Gaulle looked like a Charles De Gaulle looked like a female llama surprised in her female llama surprised in her bath.bath.

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

CRITICAL VULNERABILITY CRITICAL VULNERABILITY ANALYSISANALYSIS

CRITICAL VULNERABILITY CRITICAL VULNERABILITY ANALYSISANALYSIS

The enemy COG is his ability to generate combat power. I intend to negate this COG through disruption of the enemy’s ability to observe and direct fire by the denial of key terrain suitable for OPs. I will dislocate the enemy combined arms team by a combination of tactical obstacles and the siting of positions to maximise the constraining effects of the ground and the range advantage of my anti-armour weapons. Finally, I will disrupt his ability to fight dismounted by encouraging an attack at night over terrain suitable for concentrated direct and indirect fire.

ASSESSED OPERATIONALCOG

Transit Focal Area Lodgement Forced Passage

TACTICAL COG

Example CJTF Operational COG

Force Projection

CVBG/ARG

(From GCB until Lodgement)

PHASES

Int Assets

ARG

CRITICAL VULNERABILITIES

Morale Ability to

sustain opsWLS Essex

Ability to detect

deceptionLtd number strike acft

CasualtiesMCM

CAS/CAP WeatherFire spt

AORSLOC

Attack helo

CVBG

COG constructCOG constructCOG constructCOG construct* Threat Targetable Critical VulnerabilitiesThreat Targetable Critical Vulnerabilities

Targeting, Collection Plan, RSITargeting, Collection Plan, RSI IO planningIO planning Templated - matrix approach early in processTemplated - matrix approach early in process Can be qualified byCan be qualified by

BOS to deliver effectBOS to deliver effect Time or PhaseTime or Phase Close, Deep, RearClose, Deep, Rear

* Utility across the whole staff. Basis of the common Utility across the whole staff. Basis of the common understanding of the en and the effect we want to have on understanding of the en and the effect we want to have on himhim

COG constructCOG constructCOG constructCOG construct

* Friendly forcesFriendly forces

Vulnerabilities - Force Protection tasksVulnerabilities - Force Protection tasks

EEFI - OPSEC, CI, and IO planningEEFI - OPSEC, CI, and IO planning

Force ratio comparison in key capabilities, Force ratio comparison in key capabilities, strengths vs weaknesses.strengths vs weaknesses.

Decisive Event PlanningDecisive Event PlanningDecisive Event PlanningDecisive Event Planning

* What events must I successfully What events must I successfully achieve to target the enemy’s achieve to target the enemy’s critical vulnerabilities and achieve critical vulnerabilities and achieve my superior commanders intent ?my superior commanders intent ?

Decisive Event PlanningDecisive Event PlanningDecisive Event PlanningDecisive Event Planning

* Two key elements combined to ensure success Two key elements combined to ensure success (Defeat en and meet Comd’s Intent)(Defeat en and meet Comd’s Intent) Target en weaknesses to get to his COGTarget en weaknesses to get to his COG Complete tasks to meet superior Comd’s IntentComplete tasks to meet superior Comd’s Intent

* Determine which of the CVs we are able to Determine which of the CVs we are able to Target and have an effect onTarget and have an effect on

* Review of the Essential TasksReview of the Essential Tasks

COA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA Development

* Focus shifted to targeting as a “driver”Focus shifted to targeting as a “driver”

* Decisive Events and effects on TCVsDecisive Events and effects on TCVs

* Key input from BOS planners - Key input from BOS planners - effecteffect

COA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA Development

* Lines of operation through Decisive Event Lines of operation through Decisive Event combinationscombinations

COA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA DevelopmentCOA Development

* Time compressed planning - modificationTime compressed planning - modification

* COA Dev ends with Hasty Wargame and COA Dev ends with Hasty Wargame and brief of resultsbrief of results

* Detailed preparation and synchronisation of Detailed preparation and synchronisation of one COA one COA

Targeting at DJFHQTargeting at DJFHQTargeting at DJFHQTargeting at DJFHQ

* Targeting at DJFHQ incorporates lethal and non-Targeting at DJFHQ incorporates lethal and non-lethal targeting. lethal targeting.

* Aims to integrate the RS&I effort with the Aims to integrate the RS&I effort with the exploitation effort and BDA, which in turn exploitation effort and BDA, which in turn informs the continuing targeting effort in support informs the continuing targeting effort in support of the overall plan.of the overall plan.

The Targeting Working Group The Targeting Working Group (TWG)(TWG)The Targeting Working Group The Targeting Working Group (TWG)(TWG)

* The TWG, headed by the J9, integrates the targeting plan The TWG, headed by the J9, integrates the targeting plan with the JMAP and is one of the HQ key working groupswith the JMAP and is one of the HQ key working groups

* The TWG comprises core targeting and TA staff with The TWG comprises core targeting and TA staff with augmentation from SMEs, and LOs for the full gambit of augmentation from SMEs, and LOs for the full gambit of RS&I assets, and lethal and non-lethal exploitation assets.RS&I assets, and lethal and non-lethal exploitation assets.

* The inputs and outputs between the TWG and the JPG The inputs and outputs between the TWG and the JPG during the JMAP are shown in the following slides.during the JMAP are shown in the following slides.

TWG Inputs and Outputs to TWG Inputs and Outputs to the JMAPthe JMAPTWG Inputs and Outputs to TWG Inputs and Outputs to the JMAPthe JMAP

JMAP Step Output From JMAP Input to JMAP

IPB HVTs from tgt relative value analysisVulnerable nodes from COG Construct

MissionAnalysis

Specified and implied tgt tasks and limitationsincluding RS&IRestricted targetsROETargeting asset ORBAT

MissionAnalysis Brief

Recommended Comd’stargeting guidance

Comd’sGuidance

Comd’s targeting guidance(should be conceptual to allow staff FOA)Include any specific tgt guidance for eachCOA

COADevelopment

Targeting plan to spt eachCOA including: HPTL RS&I Plan AGM

TWG Inputs and Outputs to TWG Inputs and Outputs to the JMAP Contd...the JMAP Contd...TWG Inputs and Outputs to TWG Inputs and Outputs to the JMAP Contd...the JMAP Contd...

JMAP Step Output From JMAP Input to JMAP

Wargame Modifications to thetargeting plan from thewargame for each COA

Targeting Plan incorporated into thewargame.This includes a description of anticipatedtargeting results that shape the battlefieldprior to commencing any boxed events.Planned targeting tasks will normally leadeach blue force phase in the wargame, whileconcealed HPTs will be dealt with as areaction or counteraction (depending on whohas the initiative) when they are unmasked.

Decision andExecution

Selection of the COAwith any modifications

The Targeting Plan (with any modifications fromwargaming) for the chosen COA is incorporated intothe orders.Promulgation of the targeting plan includes the AGM,and RS&I Plan as separate annexes as well asspecifying tasks in the groupings and tasksparagraphs.

Course of Action AnalysisCourse of Action AnalysisCourse of Action AnalysisCourse of Action Analysis

* War gaming to endstateWar gaming to endstate

* Throughout the battlespaceThroughout the battlespace

* Identifies adv and disadv of COAIdentifies adv and disadv of COA

* Identifies RiskIdentifies Risk

* Identifies Comd’s DecisionsIdentifies Comd’s Decisions

* Synchronises capabilitiesSynchronises capabilities

* Identifies NAI and TAIIdentifies NAI and TAI

* Establishes the key logistic requirementsEstablishes the key logistic requirements

Course of Action AnalysisCourse of Action AnalysisCourse of Action AnalysisCourse of Action Analysis

* Dry synch and preparations are essentialDry synch and preparations are essential

* Synchronisation and Decision Support Synchronisation and Decision Support MatrixMatrix

* Production of Operational timeline - Battle Production of Operational timeline - Battle ManagementManagement

Decision and ExecutionDecision and ExecutionDecision and ExecutionDecision and Execution* Review of ProductsReview of Products

* Less cumbersome OPORDLess cumbersome OPORD

* Proposed changes to:Proposed changes to: Task Organisation MatrixTask Organisation Matrix Synchronisation MatrixSynchronisation Matrix OPORD bodyOPORD body

* Better use of GraphicsBetter use of Graphics

Hitler’s original title for Hitler’s original title for Mein Mein KampfKampf was was Four and a half Four and a half Years of Struggle against Lies, Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.Stupidity and Cowardice.

Everyone needs an editor.Everyone needs an editor.

Tim FooteTim Foote

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion* DJFHQ has embraced the JMAP and Decisive DJFHQ has embraced the JMAP and Decisive

Event PlanningEvent Planning

* Improving Situational Awareness through using Improving Situational Awareness through using TCVs and Decisive Events is the basis for the TCVs and Decisive Events is the basis for the common understanding of Comd’s Intentcommon understanding of Comd’s Intent

* Linkages between planning groups, Components, Linkages between planning groups, Components, BOS and advisors remains the area for focusBOS and advisors remains the area for focus

And for all that there will be And for all that there will be times when your views about times when your views about the JMAP will be similar to the JMAP will be similar to Mr Thomas’s views about Mr Thomas’s views about Welsh NationalismWelsh Nationalism

And for all that there will be And for all that there will be times when your views about times when your views about the JMAP will be similar to the JMAP will be similar to Mr Thomas’s views about Mr Thomas’s views about Welsh NationalismWelsh Nationalism

When asked his opinion of When asked his opinion of Welsh nationalism, Mr Thomas Welsh nationalism, Mr Thomas replied in three words, two of replied in three words, two of which were “Welsh which were “Welsh nationalism”.nationalism”.

When asked his opinion of When asked his opinion of Welsh nationalism, Mr Thomas Welsh nationalism, Mr Thomas replied in three words, two of replied in three words, two of which were “Welsh which were “Welsh nationalism”.nationalism”.

Dylan ThomasDylan Thomas