The PEO Missiles and Space providescentralized management for all Army airand missile defense and tactical missileprograms as well as selected Army spaceprograms. The PEO is responsible for thefull life-cycle management of assigned pro-grams.The PEO Missiles and Space reports to

the Army Acquisition Executive and isaligned with the Aviation and Missile LifeCycle Management Command at RedstoneArsenal, Ala. This materiel enterprise rela-tionship enhances the PEO’s ability to pro-vide the world’s finest support to ourArmy, joint service, interagency, and coali-tion warfighters and customers while con-tinuing the Army’s modernization.The portfolio of programs assigned to

the PEO Missiles and Space spans the fullspectrum of the acquisition process fromsystem development to acquisition, testing,production, product improvement, field-ing, sustainment and eventual retirementfrom the force. A number of programs arejoint programs being developed with theother services. Two programs within thePEO are international cooperative develop-ment programs, with other countries shar-ing in the development as full partners.In addition to specific acquisition pro-

grams, the PEO is applying a system-of-systems acquisition approach to meetwarfighters’ needs and obtain the desiredcapabilities of the Army Air and Missile De-fense (AMD) Future Force. This approachrequires the systems to be restructured intocomponents of sensors, launchers, missiles,and Battle Management Command, Con-trol, Communications, Computers and In-telligence (BMC4I), utilizing a standard setof interfaces and networks to communicate.The Army’s Integrated Air and Missile De-

fense (IAMD) acquisition approach will en-sure that the materiel solutions for theArmy’s AMD Future Force will provide thecapabilities required by the warfighter.

Joint Attack Munition Systems(JAMS)The Joint Attack Munition Systems

(JAMS) Project Office manages all Armyaviation rockets and missiles. The currentprograms include the 2.75-inch Hydra 70family of rockets, the Hellfire family ofmissiles and the Joint Air-to-Ground Mis-sile (JAGM).The 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket

Family encompasses variants of the free-flight rocket that has become the standardground-attack rocket. The design includesmultiple warheads that can be used on therocket motor.Rockets equipped with various fuzes

and warhead options include: M261 tacti-cal, M267 practice, M151 (10-pound) anti-personnel or canopy/soft bunker, M229antipersonnel (17-pound), M274 smoke sig-nature, M257 illumination, M264 smoke,M255A1 flechette, and M278 infrared illu-minating.The AGM-114 Hellfire Missile Family

includes the Hellfire II and Longbow Hell-fire missiles. Hellfire II is a precision-strike,semi-active laser (SAL)-guided missile andis the principal air-to-ground weapon forthe Army AH-64 Apache, the U.S. MarineCorps AH-1W Super Cobra and the U.S.Air Force Predator unmanned aircraft sys-tem (UAS). The SAL Hellfire II guides using laser

energy reflected off the target. It has threewarhead variants: a dual warhead, shaped-charge high-explosive antitank (HEAT) forarmored threats (AGM-114K); a blast-frag-mentation warhead (BFWH) for urban, pa-trol boat and other “soft” targets (AGM-

114M); and a metal augmented charge(MAC) warhead (AGM-114N) for urbanstructures, bunk ers, radar and communica-tions installations, and bridges.In 2012, a multipurpose missile (AGM-

114R) began delivery, which allows the pilotto select warhead effects corresponding tothe target. UAS or rotary-wing platformscan deliver the AGM-114R.The Longbow Hellfire (AGM-114L) is also

a precision-strike missile, but uses millime-ter wave (MMW) radar guidance instead ofHellfire II’s SAL. It is the principal antitanksystem for the AH-64D Apache Longbowand uses the same antiarmor warhead asHellfire II. The MMW seeker provides be-yond-line-of-sight fire-and-forget capabilityas well as the ability to operate in adverseweather and battlefield obscurants.During Operation Desert Storm, the Hell-

fire earned a reputation for being one of themilitary’s most formidable tank killers. Itsmultimission capabilities were success-fully demonstrated in combat against awide variety of targets, including radar installations, communications posts, bunk-ers, buildings, antiaircraft emplacements,oil rigs and bridges. Hellfire missiles wereused extensively in Operation Iraqi Free-dom (OIF) and are in continued use in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). TheLongbow Hellfire missile was used success-fully in combat for the first time during OIF.The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM)

program will provide a rotary-wing, fixed-wing and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-launched missile system that provides line-of-sight capabilities, including precisionpoint targeting (both active and passive)and fire-and-forget seeker technologies; in-creased range; and increased lethality againstsoft and hardened moving and stationarytargets. When fielded, the JAGM will re-place aviation-launched TOW, the Hellfirefamily of missiles and the Navy’s Maverickfamily of missiles. The JAGM will increasethe warfighter’s operational flexibility by effectively engaging a variety of station -ary and mobile targets on the battlefield, in-cluding advanced heavy/light armored ve-hicles, bunkers, buildings, patrol craft, com-mand-and-control vehicles, trans porter/erector launchers, artillery sys tems andradar/air defense systems. Its multimodeseeker will provide robust capability in ad-verse weather, day or night, and in an ob-scured/countermeasure environment, againstboth stationary and moving targets.

Cruise Missile Defense Systems(CMDS)The CMDS Project Office is equipping

the transformation of the current force ma-neuver air and missile defense capabilityinto an integrated air and missile defensecapability.Programs include Stinger-based Avenger

and Manportable Air Defense System

326 ARMY � October 2012

A Hellfire Missile is loaded onto an AH-64D Apache helicopter.

MISSILES AND SPACE PROGRAMS

(MAN PADS), the Sentinel radar and theJoint Land Attack Cruise Missile DefenseElevated Netted Sensor System (JLENS).Stinger-based Avenger and MANPADS

provide the only air defense weapon cur-rently in the forward area through Stinger, afire-and-forget infrared/ultraviolet (IR/UV)missile system. Stinger-based Avenger ishighly mobile and provides shoot-on-the-move capabilities in day, night, and adverseweather operations, and is designed tocounter hostile, low-flying unmanned aerialvehicles (UAVs), cruise missiles, rotary-wing aircraft and high-performance fixed-wing aircraft.Stinger provides low-altitude defense for

ground forces against aerial observation orattack by smaller threat aircraft. Stingermissiles have extensive counter-counter-measure capabilities, can engage targetsfrom any aspect including head-on, and uti-lize a high-explosive, hit-to-kill warhead.The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is an ad-

vanced, three dimensional, battlefield X-band air defense phased-array radar withan acquisition range of 40 kilometers. Sen-tinel transmits its radar imagery to the for-ward area air defense command and con-trol (FAAD C2) via radio frequency link.Sentinel is being upgraded to the im-proved Sentinel configuration that doublesits range and will integrate with futureAMD BMC4I via SLAMRAAM.

The Joint Land Attack Cruise MissileDefense Elevated Netted Sensor System(JLENS) uses advanced sensor and net-working technologies to provide 360-de-gree, wide-area surveillance and precisiontracking of land attack cruise missiles.JLENS detects stressing, terrain-maskedcruise missiles and other air-breathingthreats, permitting extended engagementranges for current air defense systems.

Lower Tier Project OfficeThe Lower Tier Project Office consists of

the Patriot, PAC-3 and Joint TacticalGround Station (JTAGS).The Patriot Missile System provides de-

fense of critical assets and maneuver forcesbelonging to corps and to echelons abovecorps against aircraft, cruise missiles andtactical ballistic missiles (TBMs). The PAC-2system upgrade, modified PAC-2 guidance

October 2012 � ARMY 327

Stinger-based Avenger mounted on a Humvee

enhancement missiles (GEM) and the PAC-3missile provide the Patriot missile systemwith an advanced antitactical missile capa-bility. The combat element of the Patriotmissile system is the fire unit, which con-sists of a phased-array radar set (RS), an en-gagement control station (ECS), an electricpower plant, an antenna mast group, a com-munications relay group and up to eight re-motely located launching stations (LSs). The RS provides all tactical functions of

airspace surveillance, target detection andtracking, and missile guidance and engage-ment support. The ECS provides the hu-man interface for command and control ofoperations. Each LS contains four ready-to-fire missiles sealed in canisters that serve asboth shipping containers and launch tubes.The Patriot’s fast-reaction capability, highfirepower and ability to track numeroustargets simultaneously and operate in a se-vere electronic countermeasures environ-ment are significant improvements overprevious air defense systems.The Patriot Advanced Capability-3

(PAC-3) missile program incorporates sig-nificant upgrades to the RS and ECS andthe battle-proven PAC-3 missile, which useshit-to-kill technology for greater lethalityagainst TBMs armed with weapons of massdestruction. The PAC-3 missile is the firstoperationally deployed hit-to-kill weaponsystem capable of defeating all known airand missile defense threats. In addition, it ispossible to have up to 16 PAC-3 missilesper launcher, thereby increasing firepowerand missile defense capabilities. The PAC-3missile’s primary mission is to kill maneu-vering and nonmaneuvering TBMs whileremaining able to counter advanced cruisemissiles and aircraft. The PAC-3 missile up-grade program adds system improvements

to increase performance against an evolvingthreat, meets user needs and enhances jointinteroperability.The Joint Tactical Ground Station (JTAGS)

is a transportable information processingsystem that supports combatant comman-ders and forward-deployed forces withearly warning data on ballistic missilelaunches. The Missile Defense Agency-managed

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense(THAAD) system, a critical element of theballistic missile defense system (BMDS),will provide rapidly deployable ground-based missile defense components thatdeepen, extend and complement the BMDSto any combatant commander to defeatballistic missiles of all types and rangeswhile in all phases of flight.THAAD’s combination of high-altitude,

long-range capability and hit-to-kill lethalityenables it to negate the effects of weapons ofmass destruction at intercept ranges well be-yond the defended area. These attributes,along with THAAD’s unique endo- andexo-atmospheric capability, enlarge the bat-tlespace to allow multiple intercept oppor-tunities in both the late-midcourse and ter-minal phases of ballistic missile trajectories.THAAD can accept cues from Aegis, satel-lites and other external sensors to furtherextend the battlespace and defended areacoverage. THAAD will operate in concertwith the lower-tier Patriot/PAC-3 missilesystem to provide increased levels of effec-tiveness.THAAD is a rapid-response weapon

system that can be deployed quickly toprotect critical assets worldwide. TheTHAAD element consists of five majorcomponents: missiles; launchers; radars;command, control, battle management and

communications (C2BMC); and THAAD-specific support equipment. All compo-nents were successfully integrated, testedand demonstrated during the first pro-gram phase that concluded in 2000.The THAAD development program

flight testing resumed in 2005 with the first15 flight tests. In May 2006, Lockheed Mar-tin and the U.S. Missile Defense Agencysuccessfully conducted the first develop-mental flight test to engage the entireTHAAD weapon system, including THAADinterceptor, launcher, radar and fire-controlsystem. Following repeated flight test suc-cesses, the U.S. Army “stood up” the first offour planned THAAD firing batteries atFort Bliss, Texas, in mid-2008.

Close Combat Weapon Systems(CCWS)The Close Combat Weapon Systems

(CCWS) Project Office manages a range ofantiarmor missile and target acquisitionsystems. Current programs include thetube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided (TOW 2)/TOW 2A/TOW 2B, Jave-lin, improved target acquisition system(ITAS) and Improved Bradley AcquisitionSystem (IBAS). The office is also coordinat-ing preliminary work on future TOW mis-sile improvements.The BGM-71 Tube-launched, Optically

Tracked, Wire-guided (TOW) Missile Sys-tem, with the multimission TOW 2A, TOW2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW bunker bustermissile, is a long-range, multimission, preci-sion-attack weapon system used through outthe world today. TOW is in service in morethan 40 international armed forces and inte-grated on more than 15,000 ground, vehicleand helicopter platforms worldwide. TOWis also the preferred heavy assault weaponsystem for NATO, coalition, United Nationsand peacekeeping operations worldwide.The TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero andTOW bunker buster missiles can be firedfrom all TOW launchers, including the im-proved target acquisition systems, Strykerantitank guided missile (ATGM) vehicle(modified ITAS), and Bradley fighting ve-hicles (IBAS).The Improved Target Acquisition Sys-

tem includes a second-generation FLIRthat uses standard advanced dewar assem-bly (SADA II) technology, an eyesafe laserrangefinder. The TOW ITAS provides ahighly mobile, adverse weather, day-or-night capability needed by early entryforces to destroy advanced threat armor atgreater standoff ranges in the main battlearea. The ITAS features an automatic bore-sighting capability, aided target tracking,embedded training, BIT/BITE and travers-ing unit modifications. These features en-sure crew survivability through increasedstandoff range and improved performancein the battlefield environment.The TOW weapon system, with its ex-

328 ARMY � October 2012

Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile

Lockheed Martin

tended-range performance, is the long-range precision heavy antitank/assaultmissile of choice for the U.S. Army Stryker,Bradley, ITAS-Humvee platforms and theU.S. Marine Corps Humvee, light armoredvehicle and AH-1W Cobra platforms. In ad-dition, it can be operated in a dismountedground mode.The TOW weapon system entered its pro-

duction and deployment phase in 1970.Since then, multiple variations of the missileand launcher systems have been fielded. Recent developments include the devel-

opment of the bunker buster missile foruse by the Stryker brigade combat teamsand the introduction of the TOW 2B Aero,an extended-range (4.5-kilometer) versionof the TOW 2B missile. Future improve-ments will include replacing the wireguidance system with a wireless radio fre-quency (RF) guidance system.The Javelin is a shoulder-launched, fire-

and-forget, manportable, antiarmor andassault weapon system optimized for at-tacking and destroying armored tank tar-gets, buildings, bunkers and hovering heli-copters. It replaces the Dragon antiarmormissile system, providing a medium-rangemultipurpose capability for infantry, scoutsand combat engineers. The system is lethalagainst tanks with conventional and reac-tive armor and against a variety of othertargets.

Javelin has been used very successfullyin Iraq and Afghanistan to defeat armoredtargets, bunkers and hard-to-reach targetsin urban terrain, without endangeringfriendly forces or noncombatants.Javelin has two major tactical compo-

nents: a reusable command launch unit(CLU) and a missile sealed in a disposablelaunch tube assembly.The CLU is a compact, lightweight, tar-

get-acquisition device incorporating an in-tegrated day/second-generation thermalsight, launch controls and a gunner’s eye-piece display. It provides target engage-ment capability in adverse weather andcountermeasure environments. The CLU

may also be used in the stand-alone modefor battlefield surveillance and target de-tection; this has proven effective both inAfghanistan and Iraq.The missile is 127 mm in diameter with a

staring, imaging infrared seeker; a feature-based tracker; a lethal warhead; dual in-line eject; a solid-propellant flight motor;gunner-selected direct-attack or top-attackengagement guidance options; and theJavelin launch tube assembly, an expend-able handling launch tube to house themissile, power pack attachment and CLUinterface. The complete round is describedas “wooden,” as it requires no pre-use test-ing or maintenance. Its shelf life is 10 years.

October 2012 � ARMY 329

Javelin missile

The Javelin system weighs 49 pounds,and its maximum range is more than 2,500meters (minimum operational range is 65meters). Javelin’s key technical feature isthe use of fire-and-forget technology thatallows the gunner to fire and immediatelytake cover. Additional special features arethe top-attack and direct-fire modes (fortargets under cover), advanced tandemwarhead, imaging infrared seeker, targetlock-on before launch and soft launch. Softlaunch allows Javelin to be fired safelyfrom enclosures and covered fighting posi-tions, increasing gunner survivability. Thetime required to prepare Javelin for firingis less than 30 seconds, with a reload timeof less than 20 seconds.

Precision Fires Rocket and MissileSystemsThe Precision Fires Rocket and Missile

Systems (PFRMS) Project Office managesthe multiple launch rocket system (MLRS)family of launchers, including the M270A1and High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System(HIMARS) as well as the entire suite ofrockets and missiles for those launchers.The MLRS family of munitions includesthe basic, extended-range and guidedMLRS rockets as well as the Block I/IA andunitary Army Tactical Missile System (AT-ACMS). The M270A1 Multiple Launch Rocket

System (MLRS) is a highly mobile, auto-mated system that fires surface-to-surfacerockets and missiles from a tracked plat-form derived from the same chassis used bythe Bradley fighting vehicle. The MLRS delivers large volumes of firepower in ashort time against critical, time-sensitive tar-gets. From inside the cab, the crew of threecan fire up to 12 MLRS rockets. The basicrocket warhead carries dual-purpose, im-

proved conventional munition submuni-tions. MLRS, however, is capable of sup-porting and delivering all of the MLRS fam-ily of munitions (MFOM), including theArmy tactical missile system (ATACMS)variants.The M142 High Mobility Artillery

Rocket System (HIMARS) Launcher isthe newest launcher variant of the MLRSfamily. HIMARS is a highly mobile artillery

rocket system offering MLRS firepower ona wheeled chassis and is C-130 trans-portable.HIMARS carries a single six-pack of

MLRS rockets, or one Army tactical missilesystem (ATACMS) missile, on the Army’snew family of medium tactical vehicles(FMTV) 5-ton truck. HIMARS is designedto launch the entire MLRS family of muni-tions. A platoon of HIMARS advancedconcept technology demonstration proto-types were successfully used during OIF,exclusively firing ATACMS missiles insupport of ground forces.The MFOM munition systems have

proven to be highly effective and reliableduring combat operations.The ATACMS Blocks I and IA Missiles

provide long-range, surface-to-surface firesupport for Army corps and division oper-ations. Both ATACMS Blocks I and IA aresurface-to-surface guided missile systemswith antipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM)warheads. The ATACMS with an APAM warhead

attacks soft-area targets at ranges well be-yond the capability of existing cannonsand rockets. Targets include surface-to-sur-face missile and multiple rocket launcherunits; air defense systems; logistics ele-ments; and command, control and commu-nications complexes.

The ATACMS Block IA, with enhancedaccuracy enabled by GPS augmentation toits inertial guidance capability, has a 300-kilometer reach. Block IA began fielding in FY 1998, and

retrofit of selected launchers to Block IA ca-pability occurred simultaneously with mis-sile fielding. Fired from M270A1 and HI-MARS launchers, it was highly effective inOIF. The ATACMS Unitary Missile is a U.S.

Army requirement developed from lessonslearned in Kosovo. It was clear that battle-field commanders needed a weapon withprecise guidance and lower lethal radii tominimize collateral damage. The Army TACMS Quick-Reaction Uni-

tary (QRU) Missile is a responsive all-weather, long-range missile with a high-ex-plosive, single-burst warhead fired fromthe multiple-launch rocket system familyof launchers. The Army TACMS QRU is converted to

the unitary configuration by replacing theantipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM) sub-munitions in Block IA missiles and integrat-ing a proven government-furnished unitarywarhead (470-pound SLAM/HARPOON)and fuze into the warhead section. The missile has a range of 270 kilome-

ters and provides the Army the interim ca-pability to attack high-payoff, time-sensi-tive targets without placing combat orsupport aircraft and crews at risk. Its precision accuracy, the absence of po-

tential submunition duds and reducedlethal radii overcome collateral damageconcerns. The Army TACMS QRU was used effec-

tively in OIF and continues to be highly ef-fective in destroying high-payoff targets in OEF. The Army TACMS QRU evolved into

the TACMS 2000 (T2K) variant with up-graded vertical impact capability to mini-mize target altitude error. This vertical im-pact capability maximizes warhead effectsin complex urban and mountain terrain.The Extended-Range Multiple Launch

Rocket System (ER-MLRS), which extendsthe 31.8-kilometer range of the basic rocketto approximately 45 kilometers, provideslonger-range rocket capability. The pro-gram emerged from lessons learned duringOperation Desert Storm, in which senior-level commanders, while applauding theeffectiveness of the basic rocket, stated a re-quirement for greater range. The ER-MLRSis a free-flight, area-fire artillery rocket de-signed to enhance the capabilities of theMLRS. The Guided Multiple Launch Rocket

System (GMLRS) supports Army trans-formation with increased overmatch capa-bilities and a reduced logistics footprintover current free-flight rockets. GMLRS isused with the M270A1 and the HIMARSlaunchers.

330 ARMY � October 2012

High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)

Lockheed Martin

The rockets incorporate GPS-aided iner-tial navigation systems. A second GMLRS variant is the GMLRS

Unitary. GMLRS unitary integrates a 200-pound class unitary warhead into theGMLRS. This munition has a range up to 70kilometers and is effective against multipletargets. Its multimode warhead fuze (im-pact, delay and airburst) greatly enhancesits employment options against many typesof targets in various combat environments. The GMLRS unitary proved its effective-

ness in OIF and has become the indirect-fire weapon of choice in urban areas.

GMLRS Alternative Warhead (AW)The GMLRS AW program will replace

the GMLRS DPICM with the mission to at-tack, neutralize, suppress and destroy tar-gets using rocket-delivered indirect preci-sion fires while decreasing the probabilityof unexploded ordnance. GMLRS AW provides field artillery

units with medium- and long-range fireswhile supporting brigade, division, corps,Army, theater, joint/coalition forces andMarine Corps air-ground task forces infull, limited or expeditionary operations.The GMLRS AW rocket is a solid pro-

pellant artillery rocket deployed from ei-ther the M270A1 or HIMARS. GMLRS AW uses an inertial measuring

unit (IMU) with global positioning sys-tem assistance to guide the rocket to aspecific point to deliver effects on a tar-get. GMLRS AW is transported and firedfrom a launch pod container (LPC) thatholds six rockets.

Integrated Air and Missile Defense(IAMD)In addition to the efforts of its “weapon

system” project offices, the PEO Missilesand Space is applying a system-of-systemsacquisition approach to meet warfighter re-quirements and obtain the desired capabili-ties of the Army Air and Missile DefenseFuture Force. This approach calls for a re-structuring of systems into components ofsensors, weapons and Battle ManagementC4I with a standard set of interfaces amongthe components, using a standard set ofnetworks for communication. The Army’sIntegrated Air and Missile Defense acquisi-tion approach significantly affects the PEOstrategy for materiel development and sys-tems acquisition.The Counter-Rocket, Artillery and Mor-

tar (C-RAM), also referred to as IndirectFire Protection Capability (IFPC) Incre-ment 0, is an evolutionary, nondevelop-mental program initiated by the ArmyChief of Staff in response to the indirect fire(IDF) threat and a validated operationalneeds statement. The primary mission ofthe C-RAM program is to develop, procure,field and maintain a system of systems(SoS) that can detect RAM launches; pro-

vide localized warning to the defended areawith sufficient time for personnel to takeappropriate action; intercept rounds inflight, thus preventing damage to groundforces or facilities; and enhance response toand defeat of enemy forces. The current C-RAM SoS is composed of a combination ofmultiservice fielded and nondevelopmentalitem (NDI) sensors, mission command sys-tems, and a modified U.S. Navy interceptsystem (land-based phalanx weapon sys-tem [LPWS]), with a low-cost, commercialoff-the-shelf (COTS) warning system andlocal area network (LAN). The C-RAM SoScapability is currently fielded at multiplesites in two theaters of operation, providing

correlated air and ground pictures and link-ing units to the Army Battle Command Sys-tem (ABCS) and the Joint Defense Network(JDN), with various forms of communica-tions to provide situational awareness andexchange of timely and accurate informa-tion to synchronize and optimize auto-mated shape, sense, warn, intercept, re-spond and protect decisions.The currently fielded capability uses

existing field artillery and air defense sen-sors (AN/TPQ-36/37 Firefinder, Light-weight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR),and Sentinel), a commercial-industry-pro-duced warning system (Wireless Audio Vi-sual Emergency System [WAVES]), LPWS,

October 2012 � ARMY 331

Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS)

and U.S. Air Force base defense security sys-tems. It is tied to various response systemsvia the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corpsand ABCS. The Forward Area Air DefenseCommand and Control (FAAD C2) system,also under the management of the C-RAMProgram Directorate, has been enhanced tointegrate the sensors, weapons and warningsystems to provide command and controlfor the C-RAM SoS. C-RAM C2 softwarecorrelates RAM sensor data, evaluates thatthreat, provides early warning, directs en-gagements and cues counter-fire systemsand reaction forces. The C-RAM SoS hasbeen fielded to forward operating bases(FOBs) in Iraq and Afghanistan. Sense andwarn (S&W) performance has been ex-tremely successful, providing timely warn-ing for more than 2,000 rocket and mortarattacks against C-RAM FOBs, with a mini-mum of false warnings, saving countlesslives. In addition, intercept systems achievedmore than 160 successful intercepts of rock-ets and mortar rounds fired at high-valueU.S. Forces-Iraq assets. Current, operationalneeds statement-based capability enhance-ments include an improved radar for detec-tion of high/low quadrant elevation (QE)threats, a mobile up-gun LPWS for im-proved mobility and extended range, inte-gration of military spectrum communica-tions, integration with unmanned aerialsystems (UAS) universal ground station(UGS), and dynamic clearance of fires. Fol-lowing the drawdown of efforts in Iraq, C-RAM sense-and-warn assets began support-ing State Department and Office of SecurityCooperation-Iraq (OSC-I) operations. At thistime, it is anticipated that the LPWS assetsin Iraq will be returned to the continentalUnited States for reset/recap, upgraded to amobile up-gun configuration, and fielded toan IFPC intercept battalion.The IFPC is the Army’s acquisition pro-

gram for the transition of C-RAM SoS ca-pability to the modular force and will pro-vide an incremental fielding of all current

C-RAM capabilities (sense, warn, inter-cept, respond, command and control (C2),shape and protect). IFPC Increment 1fields a warn capability as a horizontaltechnology insertion, using current C-RAM warning equipment to provide early,localized warning to the brigade combatteams (BCTs). It will employ the Air De-fense Airspace Management (ADAM) cellalready resident in the BCT headquartersas the C2 element, use the Firefinders andLCMRs already in the target acquisitionplatoon of the Fires battalion as the senseelement, and add existing C-RAM warn-ing devices, controller, and dedicated com-munications devices between the radarsand the ADAM cell. IFPC Increment 1 ad-ditional equipment (for example, speakersand masts) will warn localized affected ar-eas, and a wireless LAN, along with theFAAD C2 system, already existing in theBCT’s ADAM cell, will integrate the sen-sors and warning equipment, thus provid-ing real-time situational awareness andunderstanding. The Air and Missile De-fense Workstation (AMDWS) is also or-ganic to the BCT’s ADAM cell and willpass the RAM events and data to the BattleCommand/Mission Command Data Dis-semination Service/Publish and SubscribeServices (DDS/PASS) servers to providesituational awareness and understandingat all BCT units/echelons. The IFPC Incre-ment 1 Capability Production Documentwas approved in August 2010. The Air and Missile Defense Planning

and Control System (AMDPCS) providescommand-and-control capability for air de-fense artillery (ADA) brigades, Army airand missile defense commands (AAMDCs),and maneuver brigade combat team andjoint force command-and-control elementssuch as the battlefield coordination detach-ments (BCDs). Shelter Systems-AMDPCSprovides various air defense shelter sys-tems for all echelons built on a baselineknown as the air defense and airspace man-

agement shelter. The Air and Missile De-fense Workstation (AMDWS) is a commondefense/staff planning and situationalawareness/situational understanding soft-ware tool. AMDWS is deployed with airand missile defense units at all echelonsand is also a component of the ADAM. TheAMDWS performs all aspects of AMD forceoperations. It assists in the automated de-velopment of the intelligence preparation ofthe battlefield, provides situational aware-ness, and is capable of planning, coordinat-ing, and synchronizing the air, land, andsea battle. AMDWS is the interoperabilitylink for AMD forces with the ABCS andprovides the air situational input to thecommon operational picture.Forward Area Air Defense Command

and Control (FAAD C2). The FAAD C2system consists of common hardware, soft-ware and communications equipment tomeet the command-and-control and target-ing needs of C-RAM units and AMD bat-talions. FAAD supports the air and missiledefense battalion mission by providing C2Iinformation to higher, adjacent and lowerunits. Computer displays allow comman-ders access to databases for the air picture,situation reports, enemy assessments andfriendly forces. The FAAD C2 system canprocess information classified up to secret.The system provides an embedded train-ing capability that will replicate those situ-ations encountered in actual mission oper-ation. Evolving software capabilities areadded with each new version throughoutthe FAAD C2 development cycle. TheFAAD C2 system also has the capability tointerface with joint and NATO C2 systems.To accomplish its mission, FAAD C2 is in-tegrated into and interoperates with boththe ABCS and AMDWS. The AMDWS isintegrated in FAAD C2-equipped battal-ions at the ADA battery and battalion com-mand posts and is a product under theAMDPCS program. The FAAD C2 engage-ment operations subsystem provides thejoint air picture via implementation of two-way TADIL-A, -B and -J links. The FAADC2 system is the backbone for the C-RAMsystem and assists with digitization of thebattlefield by providing air situationalawareness to the supported force, alertingand cueing to C-RAM systems and FAADweapons. The FAAD C2 system supportsC-RAM by receiving and correlating sensorinputs, then alerting the intercept systemand the sense and warn elements of a mor-tar, artillery and/or rocket attack. TheFAAD C2’s ever-expanding mission en-compasses the detection, acquisition, andidentification of enemy mortar and rocketprojectiles, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft,and unmanned aerial vehicles; the distrib-ution and dissemination of C2I data amongthe air and missile defense units and com-bined arms elements; the provision of earlywarning; and alerting the supported forces.

332 ARMY � October 2012

Counter-Rocket, Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM)

U.S. A

ir Force