Joinder of Parties Permissive Joinder

What Question Does Rule 20 AnswerP1 D1

Can I add P2-3 (or D2-3) if I want

to?

P2

P3

D2

D3

Can I stop P1

from adding them?

P1 D1

Do I have to add P2-3

(or D2-3) even if I do

not want to?

P2

P3

D2

D3

Can I force P1 to

either add them or dismiss

the case?

What Question Does Rule 19 Answer

R 20

R 19

Permissive Joinder

Verbal Standard for Permissive Joinder Under Rule 20

• Claims (by or against) the joined parties• Arise out of the same• Transaction, or• Occurrence, or• Series of Ts or O’s, and

• Share a common question of• Fact or• Law

Comparing Kedra & Insolia

A B C D E F

Various Kedra Family Members

12/2975

12/2275

6/762/77

Is the verbal test satisfied?Why might E & F not want to be in the

same suit with A-D?Why might Kedra’s want them all in the

same suit?What factors should be crucial for an

impartial court?

1934-74 1953-95 1953-95

Tobacco Companies(Tobacco Institute Formed 1958)

Is the verbal test satisfied?Why do the P’s want joinder?Why do the D’s oppose joinder?

Does it make sense to hear the cases together? Why?