johnson seminar project

8/10/2019 Johnson Seminar Project

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GAS HYDRATE FORMATION ANDGAS HYDRATE FORMATION AND

PREVENTIONPREVENTION

MARCH, 2014MARCH, 2014

IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, FACULTY OFIN THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF

ENGINEERING, RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING, RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY NKPOLU-OROWORUKWO, PORT HARCOURT.TECHNOLOGY NKPOLU-OROWORUKWO, PORT HARCOURT.

Presented ByPresented By

COURSE TITLE:

SEMINAR/RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE

PTE 511

SEMINAR CO-ORDIANTOR

ENGR. NMEGU

AMADI !OHNSONAMADI !OHNSON

DE" 200#/1125DE" 200#/1125


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TALE OF CONTENTTALE OF CONTENT

Abstract

Introduction

Definition of Gas Hydrate

Condition Necessary for the Formation of gas Hydrate

Major effect of gas hydrate

Importance of gas hydrate to the energy industry andsociety

Removing Gas Hydrate !oc"age in a #ystem

$reventing Gas Hydrate Formation

Conc!usion


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ASTRACTASTRACT

Gas hydrate is a so!id substances composed of %ater

and gas mo!ecu!es &main!y methane' and is a!so "no%

as c!athrate it occur %or!d%ide in the oceanic and po!ar

sediments %here temperate is !o% enough and pressure

is sufficient!y high to crysta!!i(e the methane into gas)

hydrates* #ince it discovery+ gas hydrate have attracted

interest as a potentia! energy resources


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Gas hydrate deposits a!ong ocean margin are estimated toe,ceed "no%n petro!eum reserves by a factor of three*-hese hydrate bed !ea" gases into the %ater forming co!dsee page %hich is common on continenta! marginsaround the %or!d* hydrate inf!uence ocean carbon cyc!ing+c!imate change+ and coasta! sediment stabi!ity*

.oca!i(ed me!t do%n can caused geo!ogica! ha(ard forshe!f oi! and gas production faci!ities*


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F$%. 1" S&'( H)*+ '% $ N3+ GF$%. 1" S&'( H)*+ '% $ N3+ G

P+'*3$' F$$$P+'*3$' F$$$


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WHAT ARE GAS HYDRATEWHAT ARE GAS HYDRATE

Gas hydrate is a so!id ice)!i"e form of %ater thatcontain gas mo!ecu!es in its mo!ecu!ar cavities in

nature+ this gas is most!y methane+

-hey are formed as a resu!t of physica!

combination of %ater and gas mo!ecu!es*

/n!i"e inorganic Hydrate &e*g C/#01* 2H30' the

ratio bet%een %ater and gas is not constant*


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F$% 2 S&'( & G H)*+ S+33+ ' D$+ GF$% 2 S&'( & G H)*+ S+33+ ' D$+ G


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CONDITION NECESSARY FOR THECONDITION NECESSARY FOR THE

FORMATION OF GAS HYDRATEFORMATION OF GAS HYDRATE

Four condition for the hydrate formation

Ade4uate gas mo!ecu!es to stabi!i(e most of the

hydrate cavities

#ufficient %ater mo!ecu!e to form the cavityA temperature %ithin the hydrate phase

e4ui!ibrium region*

A pressure %ithin the hydrate phase e4ui!ibriumregion*


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GEOLOGICAL SETTING WHERE GASGEOLOGICAL SETTING WHERE GAS

HYDRATE OCCURHYDRATE OCCUR

Gas hydrate occur in t%o discrete geo!ogica!

situation

5 Marine she!f sediment

5 $ermafrost region

Hydrate occur in these types of setting

because the pressure+ temperature condition

are %ithin the hydrate stabi!ity fie!d*


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F$% 6 S&'( G H)*+ $ M+$ S*$7F$% 6 S&'( G H)*+ $ M+$ S*$7

F$% 4 S&'( G H)*+ $ P+7+' 8'F$% 4 S&'( G H)*+ $ P+7+' 8'..


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MA!OR EFFECT OF GAS HYDRATE IN THE OILMA!OR EFFECT OF GAS HYDRATE IN THE OIL

AND GAS SECTOR.AND GAS SECTOR.

Gas hydrate cause !ot of damage to the oi! andgas sector and a!so to our environment %hich

inc!ude6

$ipe!ine b!oc"ageG!oba! c!imate change

#ubsea !and s!ides

Deep %ater dri!!ing and production


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F$% 5" S&'( & D7% ' D9 (+ 9+'*3$'.

F$% :" S&'( & 3; L*$*


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F$%


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IMPORTANCE OF GAS HYDRATE TO THEIMPORTANCE OF GAS HYDRATE TO THE

ENERGY INDUSTRY AND SOCIETYENERGY INDUSTRY AND SOCIETY

1= G H)*+ A+ P'$ E+%)R'3+.

the 4uantity of natura! gas in sedimentary gas hydratee,ceeds the conventiona! natura! gas resources* As aresu!t numerous studies have discussed the energypotentia! of gas hydrate &Co!!ett+ 7889+ 3003+ #assenand Mi!"ov+ 3009'+ /ti!i(ation of gas hydrate as anenergy resource has been hinder by !ac" of economic

method for producing the hydrate


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2=2= G H)*+ ' P) R' $ P * F33+G H)*+ ' P) R' $ P * F33+

C$7 C&%C$7 C&%

If these marine gas hydrate begin to rapid!y dissociate

into gas : %ater+ then the methane trapped in the

gas hydrate can be re!eased to the atmosphere* If

the inf!u, of methane to the atmosphere from

dissociating hydrate is sufficient in 4uantity+ this

methane can cause g!oba!+ %arming* -his process is

be!ieved to have inf!uence past c!imate changes*


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REMOVING GAS HYDRATE LOCKAGE IN AREMOVING GAS HYDRATE LOCKAGE IN A

SYSTEMSYSTEM

T&+'3%& H$%"Heat must be supp!ied %ith caution

beginning from the end and progressing to%ard the

midd!e of the p!ug* If hydrate p!ug is dissociated in the

midd!e+ the pressure might increase sudden!yT&+'3%& $&$;$'+ I>$'" Inhibitor injection %i!!shift the hydrate phase boundary to the !eft+ %hichcou!d resu!t in gas hydrate dissociation*


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PREVENTING GAS HYDRATEPREVENTING GAS HYDRATE

FOUR METHODS OF HYDRATE PREVENTION

5 Reducing the pressure be!o% that of the hydrate

formation for the given temperature;5 Maintaining the temperature of the gas f!o% above the

hydrate formation temperature for the given pressure;5 Reducing the de% point of %ater vapor in the gas f!o%

be!o% the operating temperature &drying the gas'5 Introducing various substance &a!coho!s+ e!ectro!ytes'

into gas f!o%+ %hich !o%er the hydrate formationpressure*


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Gas hydrates are formed as a resu!t of physica!combination of %ater and suitab!y si(ed

mo!ecu!es*

-here are huge amount of methane hydrates in

subsea sediments and permafrost regions*

-hey have very interesting properties+ %ith many

potentia! industria! app!ications*

-hey had significant impact on the past c!imate


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THANK YOU

johnson seminar project

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