john rolfe (1585-1622) pgs. 31-32

John Rolfe (1585-1622) pgs. 31-32

• Began cultivating tobacco in Virginia in 1612• Tobacco increased due to him, Jamestown thrived• Married Pocahontas in 1614– Pocahontas was daughter of nearby chief leader, Powhatan– Strengthens relationship with Indians– Provides accessible trade partner

• Killed in surprise attack from Opechancanough with 346 of his fellow men

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=john+rolfe+tobacco&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=aFwOI3LDe6VuGM&tbnid=hYLzS2_bZLV8pM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_Rolfe&ei=6A2cUeiTPK-q4APUgoGwCg&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNHFdDC13uPBuW4B1jvl4Mxy1KIRPQ&ust=1369268073367100

John Smith (1580-1631)pg. 29

• Helped Jamestown to survive• Imposed work and order on the community• Organized raids on neighboring Indian villages– Stole food and supplies– Kidnaps natives

• Only 12 people die in second winter• Colony showing promise of survival in summer of 1609• Sent home to England due to gunpowder accident

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=john+smith&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=iuJ7Uh7IOtjUoM&tbnid=h-U4gQ0jlY4myM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apva.org%2Fhistory%2Fjsmith.html&ei=fQ-cUYzWAcrE0QG3iICoAQ&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFwnh34hwW2Crj7hLzKLBtxuMU8Pg&ust=1369268473978519

Jamestown (est. 1607-1624)pg. 29

• First permanent English settlement in the New World• Named after James I on England• Poor site– Low altitude, swampy– Surrounded by thick woods– Bordered powerful Indian tribes

• For 17 years, wave after wave came to help, but they all failed

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=jamestown&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oHBoldftUNZO3M&tbnid=kdeKnGkrDCl_SM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmrnussbaum.com%2Fhistory-2-2%2Fjamestown%2F&ei=ORqcUcSWG5ey4AOq64GIDQ&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNE03IGDSt2c5nxlnOl-5ToGEc2YyA&ust=1369271180404952

Plymouth (est. 1620)pg. 36

• Founded December 21, 1620 at Plymouth Rock• 35 saints (Puritan separatists)• 67 strangers (not part of congregation)• Half died in the first bitter winter• Traded with Indians

– Great relationships– Traded fur – Learned to grow food and fish– Did not last long

• 13 years later smallpox virus wipes most of Indian population around Plymouth

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=plymouth+colony+1620&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=C9lhaPTSPXSiFM&tbnid=0TCwOuI0aEfqeM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblescripture.net%2FPilgrims.html&ei=FRycUYTeEOuA0AGtwYGQCQ&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNHzw1Iu3vlNTIBtu_gxLuvb6DkNeA&ust=1369271674810719

King Philip’s War (1637-1676)pgs. 40-42

• Hostilities broke out between Wampanoag and white settlers in Massachusetts

• Leader of Wampanoag know as Metacomet by Indians and King Philip by English

• Whites win war after Mohawks kill Metacomet• Significance

– Indians used English technology– Flintlock rifles– Large casualties– Indians were adaptable and utilized new technologyhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lWjJafnAies/TWFWc3gKfdI/AAAAAAAAB0Q/7WkE8mtCusg/s1600/

King_Philips_War.jpg&imgrefurl=http://algonkianchurchhistory.blogspot.com/2011/02/king-philips-war-one-of-bloodiest-in.html&usg=__aizvM5-wWQ5zLYKZdin7VtrBRtI=&h=477&w=440&sz=88&hl=en&start=3&zoom=1&tbnid=wa-R8M0EbWTxPM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=119&ei=8bWcUfnzKPjK4APmkYDYCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dking%2Bphilip%2527s%2Bwar%26um%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address%26hl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDAQrQMwAg

Navigation Acts (1659-1673)pgs. 54-55

• English government tries to regulate colonial trade, passes three navigation acts– 1. Closed the colonies to all trade except that carried by English ships and

required goods be exported only to England or English colonies (1659)– 2. Required all goods sent from Europe to the colonies pass through

England and subject to English taxation (1663)– 3. Imposed duties on the coastal trade among the English colonies (1673)

• Acts formed legal formed legal basis of England’s regulation of the colonies for a century• Colonists become frustrated with these acts

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.mises.org/6131/NavigationActs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mises.org/daily/6131/&usg=__MioFphhRFzlSH-94S2wmM0mlClo=&h=225&w=300&sz=54&hl=en&start=5&zoom=1&tbnid=pX6nKRKeWH9JtM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=116&ei=7ricUbeNItSv4AOP3oDoAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dnavigation%2Bacts%26um%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address%26hl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDQQrQMwBA

Glorious Revolution (1688)pg. 55

• James II overthrown, Mary and William of Orange come to power

• They are not nearly as strict towards colonies as James II was

• William of Orange and Mary left colonies alone• Led to colonies feeling sense of independence• Start of the “hands-off” policyhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=glorious+revolution+in+england&source=images&cd=&docid=soBwz8iBpj-t8M&tbnid=Wxt0R2z0ofbjXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fcivil_war_revolution%2Fglorious_revolution_01.shtml&ei=cludUYnQB6iw0QHw8IBQ&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNHDyuPu5e1O47_PMosUGtDvoXKnqw&ust=1369353425058353

Triangular Trade (1760s)pgs. 72-73

• Described trade among Europe Africa and Americas• Goods traveled among these nations in triangle pattern• Each nation had its own importance• Europe

– Export: manufactured goods, rum, textiles, – Import: raw materials, sugar

• Americas, Caribbean– Export: rum, livestock grain, raw goods, sugar, molasses– Import: manufactured goods, slaves

• Africa– Export: slaves (middle passage)– Import: rum, textiles, manufactured goods

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=triangular+trade&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=TAcFu7WFeiKHGM&tbnid=YFN7iM-PAT_UaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ADetailed_Triangle_Trade.jpg&ei=3VqdUdebG4bH0QHtg4Ao&bvm=bv.46751780,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNHZQyyfJ14b6wn21PtrGXZK7GqDkA&ust=1369353299034062

P82 Great Awakening 1730s-40sReligious piety in decline, colonial America saw the need to renew American spirituality. The Great Awakening resulted from this. This movement stressed that anyone could start anew with God regardless of their background. Being so, it appealed to sons who would not typically receive inheritance and women. This was the first spiritual revival in American history, and led to a more questioning mindset that would spark revolution.

http://www.peterheck.com/libtree/liberty_tree/view/2374/great_awakening_leads_to_liberty

A Great Awakening Sermon

P83 Enlightenment 18th Century• A response to the Great

Awakening, the Enlightenment emphasized the importance of the use of God given intellect over blindly following religious sentiments. Through this, people began to challenge, even more than before, tradition, providing fertile ground for the seed of revolution. Diderot, an Enlightenment writer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Denis_Diderot_111.PNG

P94 French and Indian War 1754-63• Also known as the seven years war, this was

the major French vs. British conflict in pre-revolutionary America. This war was waged over the disputed, strategically located Ohio River Valley. The French allied with most all Native American tribes, while the British and Iroquois joined forces. Britain won, driving the French into Canada, yet incurring a huge war debt. They banned colonists from settling the newly won land, causing tension between the colonies and their motherland. This, in tandem with the debt imposed onto the colonists in the form of taxes, served as major rising action for the revolutionary War.

Washington in French & Indian War

http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=Km1W3C6YBF1XdM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/stories/0301_0116.html&docid=NttJ93pg2WzdIM&imgurl=http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/media/0301_011601.jpg&w=400&h=272&ei=wz3mUNDsPKS30gGmz4CADw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=558&vpy=169&dur=3498&hovh=185&hovw=272&tx=222&ty=110&sig=116476802370610111589&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=223&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:165&biw=1280&bih=651

P100 Proclamation of 1763• Having won the Ohio river valley in the

French and Indian War, Britain was in massive debt and feared another such entanglement. To avoid this, they simply would not let the colonists move west of the Appalachians into the new land. This was stated in the Proclamation of 1763. This caused resentment of British rule in the colonies, colonists thinking that they had won a major war for the homeland but were denied access to the spoils of their victory. This mindset was conducive to revolutionary attitude.

Proclamation of 1763

http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=o60NBWpWZUmgtM:&imgrefurl=http://www.in.gov/history/2997.htm&docid=OjutHMnXFU9KvM&imgurl=http://www.in.gov/history/images/1proclamation.gif&w=450&h=796&ei=skXmUKOANpHK0AHr6IDABA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=361&sig=116476802370610111589&page=1&tbnh=136&tbnw=77&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:174&tx=40&ty=44&biw=1280&bih=651

P100-3 Sugar, Stamp, and Currency Taxes 1764-5

• In order to pay off the massive war debts, Britain imposed a myriad of taxes upon the colonies. These came to everyday items like sugar, through the Sugar Act, and printed paper, in the form of the Stamp Act. These raised the sugar duty, while decreasing the molasses duty and taxed all printed documents, respectively. Colonists were also banned from using their own currency through the Currency Act. All of this greatly angered colonists and made them push for a revolution against the oppressive British.

www.crath.pvt.k12.ia.us/lasalle/Resources/Rev%20War%20Websites/courtney%20allison%20marisa%20rev.%20war/Allison%20S.%20Rev.%20War/stamp%20act.html

A stamp used for the Stamp Act

P103-4 Boston Massacre 1770

• The Townshend Act recently having been passed, the citizens of Boston were in a rage over new taxes placed upon everyday goods, and the presence of armed British soldiers in their city. On March 5, 1770 this all erupted when the “liberty boys” attacked British soldiers with shards of glass, ice, snowballs, and rocks. Those attacked opened fire upon their attackers, killing five. Samuel Adams and other revolutionaries used this to fuel propaganda for a revolution. The Committee of Correspondence also arose from this.

http://www.history.com/photos/american-revolution-events-and-battles/photo1

An example of the propaganda used

P111-2 Lexington and Concord 1775• These two battles served as the first conflict in the

American Revolution. During the night of April 18, 1775, 1,000 British soldiers were sent to seize revolutionaries’ stores of gunpowder and other munitions, stored at Concord. They arrived, however, to find that Dawes and Revere had spread the news of their coming, warning townspeople and that militia men had prepared for an attack. Here, the “Shots Heard Around the World” were fired. Upon discovering that the munitions were no longer at Concord, the British attempted to march back, they were, however, ambushed by some 4,000 militia men hiding in the forests and buildings. Once the fighting had ended, British casualties outnumbered those of the revolutionaries 3 to 1. This battle showed that the Americans, when using the proper tactics could easily defeat the British. It also was the first of the war.

A painting of the battle of Lexington and Concord.

http://www.answers.com/topic/battles-of-lexington-and-concord




P116 The Declaration of Independence 1776

• Continental congress having seen the atrocities committed by the British in the forms of taxes and massacres, on July 2, 1776 it stated that the colonies were henceforth free of British rule. On the fourth, two days later, this was approved by congress. Written by Jefferson and Franklin, the declaration summarized American sentiment toward British rule, using ideas of those like John Locke to justify it. It did, however, leave the issue of slavery out. The Declaration of Independence was the culmination of all the ill will experienced for Britain over the years and started the Revolutionary War. http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/images/trumbull-large1.jpg

Different prominent figures signing the Declaration

George Washington (p. 94, 117-118, 120-122, 125, 134, 144, 148,150, 154, 165)

• Feb. 22nd, 1732- Dec. 14th, 1799

• Fought with the British in the French & Indian War

• General of Continental Army– Brought experience to an

otherwise inexperienced army• 1st President of the US– Regarded as one of the greatest

presidents in history http://www.deism.com/images1/georgewashington.jpg

Thomas Jefferson (p. 130, 132-135, 153, 156-159, 166, 176-186)

• April 13th, 1743- July 4th, 1826• Wrote the Declaration of

Independence – Put the colonies’ complaints

into words• 3rd President of the US• Louisiana Purchase– Doubled the size of America

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/J/Thomas-Jefferson-9353715-1-402.jpg

Battle of Bunker Hill (p. 119)• June 17th, 1775• British defeat colonial forces

at Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill– British control Boston skyline– British suffer heavy losses,

moral victory for colonial forces– British General Thomas Gage

resigned in the aftermath• Gen. Prescott: “Don’t fire until

you see the whites of their eyes!”

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/The_death_of_general_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg/300px-The_death_of_general_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg

Saratoga (p. 121)• October, 1777• British plan: gain control of Hudson

River to isolate New England• American plan: delay link-up of

British generals• Gen. Arnold and Gen. Gates lead

Americans to decisive victory over British army led by Gen. Burgoyne– Turning point in the war– Convinced French to side with

Americans http://battle1777.saratoga.org/images-page/map_sep17.jpg

Battle of Yorktown (p. 125)

• October, 1781• Washington leads combined American and French

forces to decisive victory over British– French alliance proves to be key to American victory

• October 19th- Gen. Cornwallis surrenders, officially ending the war– Americans win independence

http://www.patriotresource.com/amerrev/battles/graphics/yorktown.jpg

Articles of Confederation (p. 116, 134)

• Ratified March 1st, 1781• First set of written laws and

regulations drafted in America• Set up America’s first formal

government– No executive branch

• Eventually proved to weak and incomplete for the country to survive

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Articles_page1.jpg/190px-Articles_page1.jpg

Shay’s Rebellion (p. 139)

• August, 1786- June, 1787• Revolt of about 1,200

farmers led by Daniel Shays– Farmers were unhappy with

debt and lack of paper money• Put down by Massachusetts

militia• Showed that the Articles of

Confederation needed to be revised http://www.shays2.org/memorial-sm.jpg

Alexander Hamilton (p. 138, 142-143, 147, 150-151, 181)

• January 11th, 1755- July 12th, 1804

• 1st US Secretary of Treasury– Established 1st National Bank

• Founder/Leader of Federalist Party

• Helped Jefferson defeat Burr in election of 1800– Burr challenged Hamilton to a

duel in which he killed Hamilton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg/220px-Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg

James Madison (1751-1836)• Enlightenment thinker from Virginia who

proposed the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. This plan was in favor for larger states and his idea was to have two separate houses. The lower house where states would be represented by the population and upper house that was elected by the lower house. Madison was not in favor of larger government and wants the power be in the states. Member of the Republican party in opposition to Federalists. Created the Non- Intercourse Act and fought against Marbury in court case Marbury v. Madison.

• Textbook pgs. 83, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 153, 158-159, 177, 185, 187, 188-192

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg

Checks and Balances (1787)• Checks and Balances is a

system created to check the power of the three branches of government, judicial, executive, and legislative. This was created so none of the branches could become more powerful than the other. This system was important because without it a branch of government could try and take over the whole government.

• Textbook pgs. 146-147

http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/checks_and_balances_flow_chart.htm

Bill of Rights (1791)

• First 10 amendments to the Constitution. Theses rights protected freedoms like speech, press, and right to a jury. The significance of the Bill of Rights is that without them the government would have much more power over the people and the people would not have their given rights.

• This was added as a compromise to ensure that the new federal government would still protect the natural rights of its citizens.

• Textbook pg. 150

http://www.stevehargadon.com/2013/05/a-student-bill-of-rights.html

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)• In Pennsylvania, farmers refused to

pay the whiskey tax. The farmers terrorized tax collectors. Alexander Hamilton took recognition to this and sent an army of 15,000 to put down the rebellion. The significance of the Whiskey Rebellion was that it showed the power of the government and led people to have more trust in the government.


http://www.ttb.gov/public_info/whisky_rebellion.shtml

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

• The Alien Act instituted new obstacles for foreigners when trying to enter into the US. The Sedition Act allowed the government to prosecute people who engage in sedition. The significance of the Alien and Seditions Acts is that it gave the government more power over the people.


http://www.docstoc.com/docs/123334496/Alien-and-Sedition-acts

Election of 1800 • The Election of 1800 or the “Revolution”

of 1800 was between John Adams for the Federalists and Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr for the Republicans. After Jefferson defeated Adams he tied with Burr. This led to the House of Representatives voting on the president and with the help of Hamilton talking badly about Burr, Jefferson won the election. The significance of the Election of 1800 is that the only part of the government the Federalists now controlled was the judiciary.


http://ushistory-stempien.blogspot.com/2010/11/election-of-1800.html

Marbury v. Madison (1803)• This was a court case that was

between Marbury and Madison. Adams appointed Marbury in his midnight appointments but Madison wouldn’t give him his commission so Marbury took him to court. The court ruled in Madison’s favor and disproved the Judiciary Act of 1789. This court case was so significant because it established Judicial Review which allowed the court to declare an act unconstitutional.


http://americanlibertymagazine.com/magazine/2011/11/marbury-vs-madison/

Louisiana Purchase (1803) • This was a purchase Jefferson

made from the Frenchman, Napoleon. Jefferson made this purchase without the consent of the Congress but tried justifying it. The purchase was made of 828,000 acres for 15 million dollars. This was so significant because now the US can expand farther and fulfill some of manifest destiny.

• Textbook pgs. 49, 92-93, 178-182, 205-206

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/history/us/1800/louisianapurchase/

Lewis and Clarke• President Jefferson had just bought the Louisiana territory and he

organized an expedition to help explore it. To lead the expedition he chose Meriwether Lewis, who was a veteran of the Indian wars and skilled in the ways of the wilderness. Lewis chose William Clarke and experienced outdoorsman and Indian fighter as his colleague. In the spring of 1804, Lewis, Clarke, and 4 dozen other men set out on the Missouri river from St. Louis. They crossed the rocky mountains and descended along the snake until they camped on the pacific coast. The goal of the expedition was to gather geographical facts and investigate trade prospect with the Indians. This was such a significant expedition because they were the first to explore the west and they returned with elaborate records of the geography and the Indian civilizations they encountered.

• Pg. 180

War of 1812• Britain was not eager for war with America but after the French

army was on its way to total defeat Britain turned its total military attention toward America. The war began in 1812 and lasted until 1814. The war was caused over the ceaseless westward expansion of the white settlement. America Won the war after the treaty of Ghent was signed but it did nothing significant but end the fighting. However for the Indians the American victory meant a serious blow to their ability to resist white expansion.

• Pg. 188

Battle of New Orleans• A formidable array of British forces landed in new Orleans and

prepared to advance up the Mississippi river. Andrew Jackson was waiting for them with American militiamen and regulars. The British advanced on the well fortified American but were no match. The American beat back several waves of attackers and the British retreated. However this battle was not significant because the treaty of Ghent which ended the war had been signed several weeks prior.

• Pg. 189

Era of Good feelings• There was a large feeling of nationalism because of the expansion of the economy,

the growth of white settlement and trade in the West, and the creation of new states. This new spark in nationalism was called the era of good feelings. It even as reflected in politics for a time with the end of the first party system. It lasted for about seven years from the end of the war of 1812 to the panic of 1819. This was significant because it caused nationalism and it ended the countries first party system.

• Pg. 201

• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ushistory.org/us/images/00007858.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ushistory.org/us/23a.asp&usg=__6xw26cymmUWqkTX79A0kagPSQOU=&h=169&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=8&zoom=1&tbnid=VclODzdgEjk_nM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=111&ei=ECudUZK8FZaq4AOC34DwBg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dera%2Bof%2Bgood%2Bfeelings%26um%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-Address%26hl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDoQrQMwBw

Missouri Compromise • In 1819 when Missouri applied for statehood a debate rose as to weather

the state would be admitted as slave or free. Complicating this question was the possible admission of Maine. The Missouri comprise said that Maine would be admitted as free and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Also slavery would be prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana purchase territory north of the 36,30 parallel. This was significant because it was a happy resolution to a problem witch threatened the union.

• Pg. 205

– http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/tucker/strusky_m/webquests/VUS6_madisonmonroe/MissouriCompromise.html

John Marshall• John Marshall was the chief justice of the supreme court from 1801-1835.

He was significant because he molded the development of the constitution, strengthened the power of the supreme court, increased the power of the federal Government, and advanced the interest of the propertied and commercial classes.

• Pg. 206

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman,_1832.jpg

Monroe Doctrine• In 1832 the Monroe doctrine was a policy of the United states that said, “

The American Continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. The united states would consider any foreign challenge to the sovereignty of existing American countries an unfriendly act. This was so significant because it ended colonization of the Americas and it also said the united states would not interfere in the internal concerns of any European powers.

• Pg. 209

– http://www.nohum.k12.ca.us/tah/learninglabs/MonroeDoc/monroe_doctrine.htm

Corrupt Bargain • This is the term used to describe the 1824 presidential election. In 1824

William Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson were in the running for president. Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other but not a majority. Therefore it was up to the house of representatives to elect the president, by voting on the candidates with the three highest amounts of votes. Henry clay was out of the running but was still in a strong position of influence. Jackson was clays most dangerous political rival in the west. So he used his influence to support Adams, winning Adams the election. Then after Adams made clay his secretary of state. Many saw this as an unfair deal, however there is a very good argument that Henry Clay was the most qualified man. This was significant because for the first time the candidate with the highest percentage of electoral votes did not win the presidency.

• Pg. 210

john rolfe (1585-1622) pgs. 31-32

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