john hancock smuggling ship building self-government protection (strongest navy in the world)...
TRANSCRIPT
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John Hancock
Smuggling
Ship building
Self-government
Protection (strongest navy in the world)
Tobacco monopoly
Middle men
Strict manufacturing laws
“economic adolescence”
Lack of banking institutions
A B
AP US HISTORY BELL WORK
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George Grenville… Prime Minister
French & Indian War debt
1763-Enforcement of Navigation Acts
1764-Sugar Act- first law passed to raise revenue from the colonies
1765-Quarting Act (housing of troops)
1765-Stamp Act (requiring stamps on commercial & legal docs- including cards)
STEPS TO REVOLUTION
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Courts used to enforce Sugar and Stamp Acts
No jury
Burden of proof is on the defendants
Why were the Quartering Acts needed? No French and the Pontiac’s Rebellion had been crushed?
ADMIRALTY COURTS & QUARTERING ACTS
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English political tradition… rights of Englishmen (Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights etc.)
Taxation without representation
Only elected representative could tax
Virtual representation?
Legislation vs taxation
Stamp Act Congress
COLONIAL RESPONSES
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Stamp Act Congress 1765- unifying group that states the rights of colonists
Others protests included home spun clothes- boycotts of British goods
Sons & Daughters of Liberty… “Liberty, Property and No Stamps!”
Protests- mob attacks
COLONIAL RESPONSE CONT.
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Non-enforcement- resignation of officials.
Boycotts hurt British trade (1/4 of British goods)
1766- Parliament repeals Stamp Act
But… pass the Declaratory Act- bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever
BRITISH RESPONSE
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An obvious drinker- but still gave speeches in Parliament
1767- Townsend Acts
Taxes were indirect customs taxes (outside of English control)
Suspension of NY legislature- violated the Quartering Act
“CHAMPAGNE CHARLEY” TOWNSEND
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Outcries due to the fact the taxes were used to pay royal governors
Smuggling (especially tea)
Protests met with British troops sent to the colonies- Boston
March 5, 1770- Boston Massacere
11 killed including Cripus Atticks
Trial- John Adams represents the troops (two guilty of manslaughter- the others were branded)
RESPONSES
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Townsend Acts repealed (increasingly due to a loss of revenue)
But… a tea tax remained
Samuel Adams (penman of the Revolution) organizes the Committees of Correspondence
From Boston, more C of C’s sprouted colonially
LORD NORTH
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Facing bankruptcy- needed to sell unsold tea
Awarded a monopoly in the colonies- would be cheaper than smuggled tea
Tea Parties take place all over- most famous is in Boston
BRITISH EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY
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1774- passed a series of Repressive Acts
Boston Port Act
Chartered laws abolished and town meetings banned
Trials for murdered colonists by British officials are held in England
Quebec Act- Canada guaranteed Catholic rights, drew Canadian borders
INTOLERABLE ACTS
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Set a precedent- drawing borders and allowing for Catholics in a predominately Protestant North America
Continental Congress meets for the first time in 1774
COLONIAL RESPONSE
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Created a Declaration of Rights
Appeals to the King
Complete boycott- but not a declaration of Independence… will meet again later
1ST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
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Reject the appeals…
Detachment of troops sent to Lexington & Concord to obtain weapons cache
BRITISH REACTION