johan gaume and chenfanfu jiang...wsl institute for snow and avalanche research slf johan gaume and...
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![Page 1: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF
Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang
A Material Point Method
for snow and avalanche mechanics
GRAPHYS, Grenoble, 26-27 October 2019
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Acknowledgments
Dr. Ted Gast
Prof. Joseph Teran
Prof. Chenfanfu Jiang
Dr. Alec van Herwijnen
Stephanie Wang
Dr. Xingyue Li
Lars Blatny
Bertil Trottet
Princess Elsa of
Arendelle
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ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
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ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
DEM
FBM
FEM FEM
FV
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
DEM
FEM
DEM
CAM
?
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ContextProcesses of dry-snow slab avalanche release
Flow
Adapted from Schweizer et al., (2016)
NO UNIFIED APPROACH
DEM
FBM
FEM
FV
DEM
FEM
DEM
CAM
?
FEM
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Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
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Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
2D DEM modeling: onset and
dynamics of crack propagation
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
Gaume et al. (2015) – Gaume et al. (2017). The Cryosphere
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
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Context: Another challengeVolumetric collapse of the weak layer
2D DEM modeling: onset and
dynamics of crack propagation
Field experiments:
The Propagation Saw Test (PST)
Gaume et al. (2015) – Gaume et al. (2017). The Cryosphere
van Herwijnen, Gaume, Bair, Reuter, Birkeland, Schweizer (2016).
Journal of Glaciology
NO RELEVANT CONSTITUTIVE
MODEL INCLUDING “COLLAPSE”
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Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
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How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
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How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
1. A hybrid
numerical method
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How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
2. A snow
model
1. A hybrid
numerical method
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How does it work?We need 3 ingredients:
2. A snow
model
3. A weak layer
model
1. A hybrid
numerical method
© ASARC
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A hybrid numerical methodThe Material Point Method (hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian)
Momentum balance equation
Adapted from Stomakhin et al. (2013), SIGGRAPH and
Gaume et al. (2018). Nature Communications, 9(1), 3047
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A hybrid numerical methodThe Material Point Method (hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian)
Momentum balance equation
Adapted from Stomakhin et al. (2013), SIGGRAPH and
Gaume et al. (2018). Nature Communications, 9(1), 3047
![Page 16: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A snow mechanical modelWhat do we want?
1. A mixed-mode yield surface (tension, shear, compression)
2. Hardening in compression (promoting compaction)
3. Softening in tension (promoting fracture)
► Fracture
(softening)
► Compaction
(hardening)
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A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
q
elastic
non admissible
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
𝝉 = 𝐶: 𝝐
p
Yield surface:
Stress invariants:
Associative flow rule:
Simo and Meschke 1993
elastic right Cauchy-Green
strain tensorLie derivative plastic right Cauchy-Green
strain tensor
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A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
p0
• p0: compressive strength
q
p
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A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
q
p
![Page 20: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A snow mechanical model1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
M
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
• M: slope of the Critical State Line (FRICTION)
q
p
![Page 21: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 22: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 23: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 24: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 25: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A snow mechanical model2. Hardening in compression
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
stress
strain
HARDENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
![Page 26: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 27: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 28: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 29: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A snow mechanical model3. Softening in tension
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING
stress
strain
q
p
![Page 30: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
A good snow mechanical model2. Snow simulations
Ref: Gaume, Gast, Teran, van Herwijnen, Jiang. Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow
using large strain continuum elastoplasticity. Under review
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A weak layer mechanical modelWhat do we want?
1. A mixed-mode yield surface (tension, shear, compression)
2. Softening and collapse under mixed-mode shear-compression loading
3. Frictional behavior after collapse
© ASARC
![Page 32: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1. A mixed-mode yield surface: our model
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
-bp0 p0
M
• p0: compressive strength
• bp0: tensile strength (COHESION)
• M: slope of the Critical State Line (FRICTION)
A weak layer mechanical model
q
p
![Page 33: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
A weak layer mechanical model
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 34: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A weak layer mechanical model
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 35: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A good weak layer mechanical model
SOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
q
p
Hardening rule:
![Page 36: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2. Softening
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
A good weak layer mechanical model
stress
strainSOFTENING IN
COMPRESSION
![Page 37: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model
q
p
![Page 38: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 39: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 40: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Gaume et al., (2018). Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow.
Nature Communications. 9(1), 3047
HARDENING
WITHOUT COHESION
stress
strain
A good weak layer mechanical model3. Collapse and frictional behaviour
q
p
![Page 41: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test on a 37°slope
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Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test on the flat
![Page 43: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Application to avalanche releasePropagation Saw Test with crack branching
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2D remote avalanche triggering
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2D remote avalanche triggering
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slab fractures
crack tip in
the weak layer
« shooting cracks »
2D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
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3D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
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3D remote avalanche triggering
Crack propagation speed
![Page 49: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
MPM simulations of snow microstructure
PhD Thesis of
Lars Blatny
![Page 50: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Crack propagation
PhD Thesis of
Bertil Trottet
![Page 51: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Crack propagation
PhD Thesis of
Bertil Trottet
![Page 52: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
PostDoc
research of
Dr. Xingyue Li
More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
M(1+b) = 0.5
M(1+b) = 0.65
M(1+b) = 1.95
M(1+b) = 3
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More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamicsM(1+b) = 0.225 M(1+b) = 0.75 M(1+b) = 0.945
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More recent – preliminary work
Avalanche dynamics
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ConclusionFlow
Avalanche
dynamics
4
Slab releaseCrack propagationFailure initiation
Sliding of the
slab
Dynamic crack
propagation
Onset of crack
propagationCrack
formationDamage
process
microscale (mm – dm) mesoscale (dm – 1 m) macroscale (10 m – 100 m) scale
adapted from Schweizer et al. (2016)
![Page 56: Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang...WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Johan Gaume and Chenfanfu Jiang A Material Point Method for snow and avalanche mechanics GRAPHYS,](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022043009/5f9a9454e8179a13b13bdcf0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
OutlookCurrent work
Snow-tire
interaction by Stephanie Wang
(collab. SLAB x UCLA x UPenn)
Glacier calving
(collab SLAB x UPenn x UZH)
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Do you have any questions?
Thanks for your attention!