JMA/WMO Workshop on Quality Management in Surface, JMA/WMO Workshop on Quality Management in Surface, p Q y g ,p Q y g ,Climate and UpperClimate and Upper--Air Observations in RA II (ASIA)Air Observations in RA II (ASIA)

Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 2727--30 30 July July 20102010

Rajendra P. ShresthaRajendra P. ShresthajjMeteorological Forecasting DivisionMeteorological Forecasting Division

Department of Hydrology and MeteorologyDepartment of Hydrology and MeteorologyNepalNepalNepalNepal

Location of NepalLocation of NepalLocation of NepalLocation of Nepal

South Asian landlocked South Asian landlocked country with fascinating country with fascinating t h d li tt h d li ttopography and climate.topography and climate.

It lies betweenIt lies between2626002222’to’to3030002727’N lat and’N lat and2626002222 toto3030002727 N lat and N lat and 8484000404’to ’to 8888001212’E long.’E long.

Area:Area: 11 4141 741741 sq kmsq km Area: Area: 11,,4141,,741 741 sq km.sq km.

Highest elevation: Highest elevation: 8848 8848 m m Lowest Elevation:Lowest Elevation: 6464 mmLowest Elevation: Lowest Elevation: 64 64 m m

ChinaChina

Ph i hi i f N lPh i hi i f N lPhysiographic view of NepalPhysiographic view of Nepal India

Mt. Everest 8848m

60 m

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Established Established --19621962 WMO Member WMO Member --19661966

U d d t d t tU d d t d t t 19881988

Scope of WorkScope of Work River HydrologyRiver Hydrology ClimateClimate

Upgraded to department Upgraded to department --19881988 AgroAgro--meteorologymeteorology SedimentSediment Air Quality & Water QualityAir Quality & Water Quality LimnologyLimnology Snow HydrologySnow Hydrology GlaciologyGlaciology

Wi d & S l EWi d & S l E Wind & Solar EnergyWind & Solar Energy Aviation & General ForecastAviation & General Forecast Look upon network of observation Look upon network of observation

stationsstationsstationsstations Global Exchange of Meteorological Global Exchange of Meteorological

DataData

The Principal Activities of DHMThe Principal Activities of DHM Collect and disseminate hydrological and meteorological Collect and disseminate hydrological and meteorological

information for water resources, agriculture, energy and other information for water resources, agriculture, energy and other development activities.development activities.pp

Issue hydrological and meteorological forecast for public, Issue hydrological and meteorological forecast for public, mountaineering expedition civil aviation and for the mitigationmountaineering expedition civil aviation and for the mitigationmountaineering expedition, civil aviation and for the mitigation mountaineering expedition, civil aviation and for the mitigation of natural disasters.of natural disasters.

To provide meteorological support for flood warning and flood To provide meteorological support for flood warning and flood control operations.control operations.

Conduct special studies required for the policy maker and for Conduct special studies required for the policy maker and for the development of hydrological and meteorological sciences in the development of hydrological and meteorological sciences in th ith ithe region.the region.

Promote relationship with national and internationalPromote relationship with national and international Promote relationship with national and international Promote relationship with national and international organization in the field of hydrology and meteorology.organization in the field of hydrology and meteorology.

HydroHydro--MeteorologicalMeteorological Observation Observation Network in DHMNetwork in DHM

Terai (60Terai (60--

Physiographic Regions based on Topography and Physiographic Regions based on Topography and 15 15 Synoptic StationsSynoptic Stations

((200)M ,17%,200)M ,17%,

Churia, ( Siwalik Churia, ( Siwalik Range) (200Range) (200--1500)M1500)M

JUMLADADELDHURA

Middle Mountain Middle Mountain (Mahabharat range) (Mahabharat range) (1200(1200--2500)M,68%2500)M,68%

JUMLADIPAYAL (DOTI)

DHANGADHI (ATARIYA)

SURKHET (BIRENDRA NAGAR)

High Mountain High Mountain (2500(2500--4000)M4000)M

High Himalayas High Himalayas (4000(4000 8848)M 15%8848)M 15%

GHORAI (DANG)

POKHARA AIRPORT

KATHMANDU AIRPORT

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT

BHAIRAHAWA AIRPORT

(4000(4000--8848)M 15%8848)M 15%

LegendHigh Himal

DHANKUTA

TAPLEJUNGOKHALDHUNGA

SIMARA AIRPORT

BHAIRAHAWA AIRPORT

High HimalHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)

BIRATNAGAR AIRPOART

S wa (C u e)TeraiSynoptic_stations (15)

Precipitation Stations (337)Precipitation Stations (337)-Precipitation Stations (337)Precipitation Stations (337)

LegendHigh HimalHi h M t iHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)TeraiTeraiDHM_Precipitation stations (175)

NISP_Precipitations stations (160)

Climate Station (Climate Station (7272)) -Climate Station (Climate Station (7272))

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AgroAgro meteorological Stations (meteorological Stations (2222))-AgroAgro--meteorological Stations (meteorological Stations (2222))

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High HimalHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)

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( )Terai

"6 Agromet_stations (22)

Sunshine Stations (17)Sunshine Stations (17)-

Sunshine Stations (17)Sunshine Stations (17)

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High HimalHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)

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( )Terai

_̂ Sunshine_stations (17)

Wind Stations (Wind Stations (3434))-

Wind Stations (Wind Stations (3434))

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( )Terai

8 Wind_stations (34)

Soil Temperature Stations (7)Soil Temperature Stations (7)-

Soil Temperature Stations (7)Soil Temperature Stations (7)

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&3 &3 &3 &3

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&3 &3

&3

&3High HimalHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)

&3

( )Terai

&3 Soiltemperature_stations (7)

Evaporatation Stations (Evaporatation Stations (1414))-

Evaporatation Stations (Evaporatation Stations (1414))

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( )Terai

") Evaporation_stations (14)

Snow Stations (Snow Stations (77))-x

Snow Stations (Snow Stations (77))

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x

x

x

xx

LegendHigh HimalHigh HimalHigh MountainMiddle MountainSiwalik (Chure)( )Terai

x Snow_stations (7)

Hydrometric Station NetworkHydrometric Station NetworkHydrometric Station NetworkHydrometric Station Network

Flood forecasting section has a network of 45 stations:

•15 hydrometric ystations and

•30 meteorological stations

Synoptic Station KathmanduSynoptic Station Kathmandu

Automatic Weather Stations (Automatic Weather Stations (1515))Automatic Weather Stations (Automatic Weather Stations (1515))

30

D d ldh

29

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

28Dang

Pokhara Airport

Kathmandu Airport

Nepalgunj Airport

Kathmandu Airport

Simara

27

Biratnagar Airport

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

Meteorological Data Communication SystemMeteorological Data Communication System

Surface and upper air data for Surface and upper air data for forecasting is exchanged under GTS forecasting is exchanged under GTS f RTH N D lhi I dif RTH N D lhi I difrom RTH New Delhi, India.from RTH New Delhi, India.

Real time data from Real time data from 15 15 synoptic synoptic Data Receiving from RTH New Delhi y py pstation through ( HFSSB) radio or station through ( HFSSB) radio or Code Division Multiple Access Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless modem used for (CDMA) wireless modem used for

g

weather forecast & internal weather forecast & internal Exchange.Exchange.

Since Since 19981998, MFD receive various , MFD receive various meteorological information through meteorological information through SADIS SADIS by World Area Forecast by World Area Forecast

Real time data receiving from Synoptic Station

yyCentre (WAFS) located Barcknail, Centre (WAFS) located Barcknail, LondonLondon

Met .Information though SADIS

Meteorological Data Communication SystemMeteorological Data Communication System

TCP/IP Communication

Future PlanFuture PlanFuture PlanFuture Plan Installation of AWS in all synoptic stations during Installation of AWS in all synoptic stations during

this year this year 2010 2010 under SAARC_STORM project.under SAARC_STORM project. One Doppler Weather Radar probably next yearOne Doppler Weather Radar probably next year Two GPS Sonde StationsTwo GPS Sonde Stations 16 16 telemetry rainfall stations will be installed in telemetry rainfall stations will be installed in

model basin.model basin. 5 5 telemetry water level stations will also be telemetry water level stations will also be

installed in the same model basin.installed in the same model basin. WRF model are to be run this year for improve WRF model are to be run this year for improve

weather forecast as well as flood forecast weather forecast as well as flood forecast

Th k Y All f Ki d Att tiThank You All for Kind Attention

MFD ForecastMFD Forecast

FYFY--22D SatelliteD Satellite 8686..55°°EE

FYFY--22D Satellite AntennaD Satellite Antenna