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TRANSCRIPT
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»»»»bbbb::::ZZZZ����ŠŠŠŠÐÐÐЄ„„„JJJJ----Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence
By: Jaswant Singh, Rupa & Company, New Delhi, 2009, Pages:669, Rs:1395/-
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GLyÃÂR[7Sc*YY1Sk1111"While partition can't be undone but its consequence can be undone"! Æ}òûHYYì:
ªÄ0*ÎyìXZ,~»[q-$I»tw�$©o-êGG
GLy‡ìgìÏ1Qk (Consequence) Y'ec�$©o-êGG
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F,¹IÕZzg™Ö»g7À.ïGLiÃQyÅg‡I~ЙC�XZi,f!Zzg¸gC-Eg-VÆZ‚E+{Zzg[ªÄ0*ÎyÃ1zc*bc*QpŠ‡Z+ZWÅtЙäÅ{§™zgÅÃhc*VÑä~zsg;™D¸XZ[Sk¤/z{~¸gC(+ZyÌZq-%ûQá�XSkÅ@*i{F,+Vw¸g]Æ‚.zi%æGLŠÃqZzg‚.zi%æGL{gz
ìX0*Îy~SkÂ[Åi',Š„5+k,Zð» "JINNAH: India-Partition-Independence" q-$IÅÂ[ÚZzgáZF,ZÈxHYg;ìXá¢ÆZq-1geäSkÂ[ê]Z0!~Æ‚BQgŠz~Ìv™Šc*ìXœZ‰Ütì�tÂ[!*ë
E0L0*Îy‡Z+ZW·Z»bŧ]z™ŠZgÃyZ•d7™äÆ·äªÄ0*ÎyÅ
è#Ö~èˆìXq-$Y»Iì�‡Z+ZWÂMyŠxJ-Zô¸g])�{yz*ã8gc(ÆpZ[ÃiY)zä~u¤/Ä¿gì1Z&++D»ôkŪŠ]Zzg!*<mH]1zäQyÅZq-:½Š~Zzg-VH]1zÅ
»³ (Collective Human Folly-p6) tÐ0*Îy‡ìƒŠHXQyÆìw~0*Îy»ªxZ½¦ZKã׉Ü~q-$I6,Ì!*i~ "Secular and Nationalist Jinnah" ìXŠ‹-Eg;Å6,zWZÛAYzh+ÂZKqDÂ[
áIXZ,VätU*"$™äÅÃÒÅì�‡Z+ZWÃZK(Ïi0+Ï»ƒÐ(,Zœ)ªÄ0*ÎyÅßg]~7Mc*åZzg¹¢¸YyCZœ)QyÅzÃ]»!*)0ŠHåX
SkZ+ÑwÆÎZkg™zZßVÅt'.5é GEO7æ{ì�ªÄ0*ÎyÅtÃLLŠg„óóK%',x~ÇsV~ZðÔMiZŠ~Zzgp¥à»Îg`ƒq7ƒYXZKSk'.5é GEOÃ7gZ™äÅ{§Z,ÓxŠZ›gZzg(+Zy@*g]›ëÃ*™äZzgZëF,+(Ï${ð G
OgZ]ZzgzZu]Ã@*gõÐv.s™Š¶6,6g�X~ZKZk’k,~QyÇM�Û,${ð GOgZ]Zzg
zZu]ÆÚø~»[q-$IÅÂ[Ãi%æGLcÑc*ƒVX’&ëGL0*ÎyÆ&ZëF,+�;ñé�XZÍw:0391Y~ZDw»¦gè0*ÎyXŠzx:0491Y~ŒÛZgŠZ›
0*ÎyXÎx:7491Y~ªÄ0*ÎyXZL6.3ð XEZ(ÏŠZ›gzVc*ŠZ›g(+ZâVÅâ#q-$IYZKÂ[~¦§0*ÎyZzg’&ëGL0*ÎyÃu}Ði%æGLc„7ÑDXz{ èZ™Z]ÅQköƤ/ŠRgT��Zôm,u»gäZL¢ŠZ]ÆDÅ{§yz*yÃ�gppÅ{§wg¿¶XSkÍwöÆSgŠ¤/ŠQàáZzg1%e%ÅZ
gzGZŠzVÃz{ZLºm$©�î EG0Ãл^ù™7™äû°B�X=¢ì�Z¤/z{Qy#zVÐ!*CÙò™˜VL
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014
ÍwöƤ/ŠZzgLöÐfgZ‚?Ø™KƒñßV6,t(ÏèZ™Z]ƒDgì',¤â~yÆi}zM�yÃÌŠÙÂz{QkúZò/g~’&ëGL0*ÎyÃÌŠN0*D�á•çLætZzg!¨¾æ
EL0*Îy´)ZDwƦ§0*ÎyÐYK¶XA$t
|Qy6,gz׃YC�0*Îy:ËZq-yzc*›y7gÅtÐz�Š~Mc*ìZzg:ªÄ0*ÎyLLZ½¦ZKã׉Üóó»o]ìXSkÆ',@0*Îy»ªxZq-Z+/g~’q-»³ìTÅa,',xÆ›âVÅDÙZg‚!@*gõЃCƒð¾{΂w¬Ææ"0î GEGZ#åJ-#ƒð�XM�ªÄ0*ÎyJ-ZL@*g]^ÆQy&�;ñéÃT+ÅÃÒ™,XÐq-$IYä0»™°æ
YNEgYä„~¬sªìXZÍw:8‹0î E
E0Z!M!*ŠX´)ZDwä0391Y~ÐQkz‰Ü0*Îy»¦g7HåZ#ßyÅ«Íwö»Ð÷Zq-Ã�:áyÆ‚B›âVÐ].ZÇ:ZN[»hÌá™�{yz*ã8gcÆMñ�{Æ6,5ƒ_¶XZ,~Z!M!*ŠÆ£x6,›>Æ‚Ñ:Z°k~ZDwätÈ™�',RÆ›yZq-Z¼7ÉZq-x�Ô›âVÅ(„ÃZ¼Åß0+~Ð!*CÙïw™òMiZŠ~»+?ç ELÙZV¯Šc*åXaV�›yZq-x�ÔZq-].ZÇ:Zzg»ŠxSkaZ7ZKZÒe$Æ´V~ZKMiZŠZzgpŠUg›yD‡ì™ä»hqÝìXZq-œ‘:Z+ÑwÆ‚BZ,VäZÒîZÃ(„»¥c$+w™gÄŠc*åXZ[›yZq-Z+"'Z¼:g„¶�yzZÒe$УtZzg
˜]Å„â`6,6gƒXZ[SkZÃ(„6,8ûEL;é™gÄŠc*ŠHåXZ[QyÆ;V].ZÇ:›¸èÅãCŠ6,].ZÇ:›qVƪxÅ(Ï].z4»M¸iƒŠHåXt*(Ï·Z7:Zôm,u»gÃIMc*åZzg:yzZÒe$ÃX',¤6Æzik,ZWäZDwÆSk¦§0*ÎyÃZq-Z+ÑZg]ŒÛZgŠc*åTäQyÆLL‚g}K™Zñ6,0*㢊c*åXóóSk6,´)ZDwä',¤â~zi%æGLZWÃ-V—gZå:
"The Prime Minister of England apparently refuses to see that the
problem of India is international and not national. Obviously he does not
see that the model of British democracy cannot be of any use in a land of
many nations."2222 Šg`!*ÑZ+Ñwä',¤â~yÅ(„Å»c*<™gÄŠ~XZDwä',¤â~yÃZq-7F¸ñV»#ŒÛZg
Šc*X³t�',¤â~y»(ÏXMyÅMy~òÅOñÎZÑZò0ŠHXZDwÆSkñ ä',¤â~‚%Z`ÃZq-¹(,~Â~eZwŠc*XñVÆ8þLpŠZgZŠe$ÆÎZÑZòîg6,0ZßwÅ¥zÐ',¤â~yżŠñV~
ÐCÙxÃZCwZL;ðV~heZzgZKòi0+ÏÅßg]¤/~pŠ™ä»hi%æGLcMŠHX',xÅŠvZZxÅ!*]°Z߉ܖ~™DƒñëZKò’&ëGLMiZŠ~ÆSkZëF,+_5ëEYLéÅZÌÃKÅÃÒ™,ÂtY'¼Â7gL
�tz{_5ëEYLéì˜VV™',¤â~yÆ›âVäZÃ(„ÅZ0+S‹Ðò™áCÙZÓ0*Îy6,Šxg3åXŠzx:øg~’q-èMiZŠ~»ŠzuZ_5ëEYLéì32âga0491YÅŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyXtz{œìZ#ZsxÈyäZDw
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
114
Ʀ§0*ÎyÃŒÛZgŠZ›0*Îy~eJsƒñÇHå�ë�{yz*ã8gcÆCÙMñ�{ÆÃgŠ™D�ZzgÇ™D��ë',RÆQy´V~˜V›yZÒe$~�ZµÔMiZŠZzgpŠUgD‡ì™,ÐXtz{_5ëEYLéì˜VÐ’&ëGL0*Îy»M¸iƒ@*ìXÍe:~ZDwƦ§0*ÎyÃMwZ&+c*›>Æ(ÏšgÅßg]ŒˆZzg
ÆÄZyÐx Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah ÍÒ:~‡Z+ZWäZDwÆ‚BZK6,ZÇf$ZzgvâzÂ"$ÃÆ‚t7™Šc*XSkÂ[ÆLLw½ZÍwóó~Z,VäSyèoÅ@*g]ZÌ6,gzÝeZsz‰ÜSk|»Z‹Zs�Ûâc*å�ZDwÆÃc*]ÅgzÝ~Z,VäÌ!*ÆHy›yèÅãCŠ6,MiZŠZzgpŠUg›yqVƪxÄgZÓ�]0*c*ì:
"Iqbal's views had finally led me to the same conclusions as a result of
careful examination and study of the constitutional problems facing
India, and found expression in due course in the united will of Muslim
India as adumberated in the Lahore resolution of the All-India Muslim
League, popularly known as the "Pakistan Resolution," passed on 23rd
March, 1940."3
Šg`!*ÑSzV~pŠ‡Z+ZWä0491YÅŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyÃZsxÈyÅZ½¦gZñ»(ÏZÖgÌŒÛZgŠc*ìZzg‚B„tC**ÌZ”¢zg~Œì�›âVÅtZ½¦gZñ´)ZDwÆZ°g»éyìX
Îx:ªÄ0*ÎyXq-$IZzgQyÆ6.3ð XEZªÄ0*ÎyÃtZzg׉ÜU*"$™Dz‰Ü¦§0*ÎyZzg’&ëGL0*ÎyÃZLIt#ÆŠZ],}Ð{g`™Šï�Xz{p[B��0*ÎyZq-�ÛŠä7Zq-xä‡ìHìXøg~SkxäÌV6,Ö™ÔmpgzV6,Qh™ÔZ0+S¸]Ð0*ÎyË6,™7HX0*ÎyQkúZò/g~’q-Å«ì
TŪŠ]›»bä7ɇZ+ZW·Z»bä�Ûâð¶XSk’q-ÆpZ[zìwÃZLŠwzŠâr~ΙÔRyëœÔ"C{ZôgZzg**‡&ÿELh³xzZ4wÆ‚BSk’q-ŪŠ]»hZŠZ™Æ„›»b›âVƇZ+ZWZzg™*Æ"VwZzgÑÃãgÉŒÛZg0*ñ¸XM`',R~Zq-6',a‚%Z`ÆpZ[ŠÚzZáŠZ›gZzg(+Zyøg}‡Z+ZWÃQЛ»b¯™QyÐ!*ë
E00*Îy»Z³Ziá¢8eT�ZzgëÐøgZ0*Îy!
¸gggg]]]]ÅÅÅÅ‚‚‚‚%%%%ZZZZYYYYzzzzuuuu]]]]»»»»ââââ<<<<
(Cruel »[q-$IÅÂ[$©o-êGG
GLy»â<ìXñßsªÄ0*Îyøg]â@*Å^¨éEO»:oMhЙD�X|SkÆ',@ìX',RÅ‚%ZYzu]»IR',RżŠñVÅMiZŠ~ZzgpŠ Vivisection)
Ug~Åâh+U*"$ƒZXt@*g]¿â<î0§ÅOñ$™*îEE
0áŠ~»¤gìXiâUŠ*„Ð',RƼŠ´~¼Š¸~M!*Š¬Mg„�XSyñVZzgSyÃåË:ËƇCÙzY',xZyä:q]Æfg)zu]jg¿
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
214
¶X]Ò‹3ïEGL',¤6]Ò‹3ïEGLmÅYd¶XCÙŠzßVÆ°zMgc*ðÔÔ-**ãÔZk,ZãZzgz‰Z¨ðsvZ0+S¢ðGO]Ð
àzVZzg”VÃgz0+DƒñÃ<ÅwЪdƒñ¸X',xŦ/¸egDÙZg0*õΊk',kÅ@*gõ~0*Îy®ÿ N‚]ΊHg{',kJ-yz*y»zg;XSy~Ð
Ì0*õÎ!*g{',k›âVÆŠz§Ó#ÖÆ�ZzgµnÎ',k&åEN™iïHZzg™ŠZŠzZ§Ó#Ö6,Œ�XSkîsz¢ªî GE0iâV~Ì',x!*kxZZzgM:~ƒŠxzJg[gZ`ŠJEV~Ëg;XM`X´V6,0*ÎyŒìz{@*gõ
Zzg',¤â~yÆ (United States of Muslim India) ÆËŠzg~̸g]»z7gìXš›Zs!0îG0y~èÃg{!*Ñ@*g]Zzg'Z5ð "The Indus Saga" ZŠzZ§Ó#ÖÅ!*]ZµìX»[ZŒZiZŒäZKÂ[>Zy
›ëÐ',MæƒäzZà0*ÎyÅZµÔŸiZzg»Š'Z5ðZzg�RZ»ðŹã(,}œZ+ÑwÆ‚BÒyÅìXSy›ëÅgzÝ~',¤â~Æ{Ø6,/g~¿Ðz�Š~MäzZà&)Ó½ïGL0*Îy»ªx',RÅõxñVÅMiZŠ~Åâh+ì:�',¤â~yÅ‚%ZYzu]ÅI^Y^»Z˜X
t|å&4øFG
ILÃg6ec�0*ÎyZsxÈyÅZ½¦gZñÐz�Š~Mc*åXZ#ZN!*]~zz^Å
6,cÆZEwÐZsxÈyŸg~ZÒe$äªÄ0*ÎyÆh~êŠ}Šc*Â',¤â~Ó#ÖZzgZ&++D»ôkCÙŠzäSkZ½¦ŸÃ$+%Æa!uŸ™‚%ZY7À.ïGLi»½7gZEwH1ZsxÈyƇZ+ZWä!*ÆHy
Sk‚%ZY7À.ïGLiÃ',¤â~Ó#ÖÆÜsgZ„ZŠZx™Æ{u~5Šc*Xq-$IZKÂ[~!uÆ‚B‡Z+ZWÆèZ™Z]6,-VgzÝeZs�:
The Cabinet Mission informed Jinnah, in the course of their talk
with him, that as power could be transferred only to one body,
therefore, the establishment of two centers in India could not be
conceived under 'Constitional law and practice'. The Mission also
drew his attention to the need for a single centre being vital for
security reasons."4444
Šg`!*ÑTg~!u»Z+Ñw‡&ÿEL¨gìX¹Yg;ì�MiZŠ',x~¤‰ÜÆŠz%Zœ/»ªxSka(Security) e7�säÆ»2 Zq-%œ/ª�{yz*y„Ð7g}ƒMh�XÎZwaZƒ@*ì¾Åsä
Æ»2?�Z[~tìÅ¢zg]7�f!‚%Z`ÅcgKÆ»2X0*ÎyƪxÆh~›yúZx»**‡&ÿEL
hê',¤â~Ó#ÖÆaSka**‡&ÿELJwå�QÐwÆMiZŠZ¨Y~f!‚%Z`Êg7ÂçZ]»£¨™äÆa¸g]Å‚%ZYzu]6,Z®g**¦/k,ÃMäÎåXM`Ìf!‚%Z`QÏZ+ÑwÆ‚B0*ÎyÅ
Æaç{&ìZzgÃáVì�0*Îy¸g]ÅZq-@*,�Ûây (Security) MiZŠ~ZzgpŠUg~Ã8ŠõEO~ZKsä
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
314
gc*„0™g{YñZzgn;ð¾yÆZ©â]ÅOMzg~™Dƒñ8ŠõEO~¸g]Å!*ÑŠ4‡ì™äÅf!‚%ZY
'.5éGEOîVÃ%æEMÑñXM`…¬Ð}(,|™‡Z+ZWÅ„~&"$ZzgÃc*CZ/#ÖÃ!i›ÿ
ILgZ{¯äÅ¢zg]ìXM`
tY'ë?Ñixì�¸g]Å‚%ZYzu]Ã',ŒÛZggppÆa!uÆŠg`!*ÑZ+ÑwÇZ+ZW侜Z+ÑwÆ‚B¦Š™Šc*å:
"To the Cabinet Mission, when interviewed for the second time on 16
April 1946, Jinnah declard that the unity of India was a myth. Earlier he
had told Sir Stafford Cripps that the Muslims had a different conception
of life from the Hindus and there was no solution but adivision of
India."5555
Åa,',xÅ(Ï@*gõ (the unity of India was a myth) yz*yÅ‚%ZYzu]ÅSkF,Šh+~¹ ~�XZ#Zq-',¤â~Îwuz.$Ñge‘xä5881Y~Z&++D»ôöÅ&45é ENEGŠg¿Âu¦Z£{yäSkÅ%æFNizgè#ÖÅXZ,VäZ¤/Zq-§s›âVÃSkZCZ&++Йzgg�»tg{Šc*Šzu~§sZôm,xZâVÅ
(India is a continent; it M\V~M@eZw™ZkœZ‰Ü»Zm]H�',¤â~yZq-o7ÉZq-%æELOxìXZLLLMy~p}óó~u±ä/Z¬Š{z is not a small and homogeneous country like England)
ƒZgSkZ+ÑwÃMÐ(,Jc*ì�%æELOxy~Zq-x7ÉF¸~M!*Š�X�,œ~~ZL[Z!M!*Š~´)ZDwäSÏìwÃ7™Dƒñyz*yÆZÃòÅOñÎZÑZòXŒÛZgŠc*X0391Y~MwZ&+c*›>Æ‚Ñ:Z°kÐæ[™DƒñZ,Vä_cH�',¤â~y~M!*ŠCÙx»hpŠZgZŠe$tHYñZzg',¤â~/ge$»âew',¤â~y~**Ç™äЬyz*yÅCÙxÃZLZL$Óë N~MiZŠ~ZzgpŠUg~»hŠc*YñX‡Z+ZWäMwZ&+c*›>Æ32âga0491YÆZ°µÑƒg~SÏœZ‰ÜÃ!*0+Z¯›¤/Òy™Dƒñ',¤â~
XúZxŽ7g¢ðGO] "The problem of India is manifestly an international one." u»gÃ!*zg™Z**e;å�:Ð’&ëGL0*Îyûx!Ðhg™D„Z#!*!*ñ¸x‡Z+ZW·Z»b6,',¤â~Ó#Öäyz*yÃ�gppÆai',Š„Š!*îeZÑA$Ì!*ë
E00*ÎyäZÏœZ‰Ü»',5ZÖg�Ûâc*:
The unity of India was a myth.
Æxƒ™g{Yä»â< (Myth) q-$IÅi%æGLÃÂ[yz*yÅzu]ÆSkŠ-âÑðZY:zZ\VìXq-$IYÃSkâ<pZãÐðhZ‚z‰Üïw™Sk|6,g™**ec�MiZŠ„yÅZZzgJg[’rV»iâ:z{ìZ#Z0+S¸]ÐßVÅy»ŠzggĦ/“ƒ[åX-g\ÅVwøg}‚tìXZ#M7z45¿.ç XEYG+Z'.5é GF],»ƒð¶ÂSkÅI^Y^Ð-g\ƼŠMiZŠZzgpŠUg´',Mæƒñ¸XM`-g\ÆSyÓx',ZŠg”V~
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414
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514
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"It would seem from both internal evidence and wider information
about Aurobindo's thought that he either completely ignored the
Muslims or would include them with Melecha shaktis. In doing so, he
was following the implicit or explicit anti-Muslim line of the Hindu
nationalists and religions ideologues of the later ninteenth century."7777
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72m4491Y(»M¸iHåQÐpŠZ,VäŠg`fsZÖp~Òy™**oƒŒì:"I am to prove from his own mouth that the whole of the Pakistan
proposition is absurd."8
Â[Æá¢äZz6,ŠØ‰¿»F,À-VHì:LL0*ÎyÅt‚g~?m,„‡Zkìóó)™432(XŒVSk!*]»E+™{oƒ¥xƒ@*ì�SyèZ™Z]6,yz'œä”h+tz…»ZÖgHåXt**ŠZySk|
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714
"'The word has now become synonymous with the Lahore resolution....
We maintain and hold that Muslims and Hindus are two major nations by
any definition or test of a nation.' Muslims were a separate nation by
virtue of thier 'distinctive culture and civilisation, language and literature,
art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and
proportion, legal laws and moral codes, customs and calendar, history
and tradition', and, therefore, they were entitled to a separate, soverign
existence in a homeland of their own."9999
Ç0+SYÅ?ØŠOò»Z0+Zi{Sk!*]ÐHYYì�Z#!*]’AÆM¸i~‡Z+ZWäW»M¸iÍe:ÅŒÛZgŠZ›0*Îy6,cЙ**e;ÂÇ0+SYä�Ûâc*�~ÂSkŒÛZgŠZŠÐ**zZ ƒVX~äÂtŒÛZgŠZŠZÌJ-7,S„7XSyîwîsèZ™Z]ÆŠzgZyÇ0+SYÆZ+ÑwÐt|gz¯gz×ŧbÈVÃMCì�Z,Vä:ÜsŒÛZgŠZ›0*Îy7,|g¿¶ÉSk6,p[gz„Ì™g3åXSk»ƒÐ(,Zo]].ZÇ:›yèÆh~‡Z+ZWÆZ+ÑwÃZ,VätÈ™¦Š™Šc*å�',¤â~yŠzc*ŠzÐic*Š{ñV»#7ÉZZÄB5é EGwZzgZZÑßZyZ�ÛZŠ6,ŒZq-„{0+Zy»zíìXZô¸g]ÆSk¦§Ã¦Š™Dƒñ‡Z+ZWä%æFNizgZÜZgHå�Ç0+SYÃec�z{¬].ZÇ:›yè6,FFŠzòÃbÊwÐt™,ZzgQZK!*]ÃMÐ(,JN:
"Jinnah insisted that Gandhi should accept the 'basic and fundamental
principles' adumberated in the Lahore resolution. Gandhi pleaded with
him that it was not necessary since he had accepted 'the concrete
consequence' that would follow from such acceptance in as far as it was
reasonable and practicable? 'I cannot accept the Lahore resolution as you
want me to, especially when you seek to introduce into its interpretation
theories and claims which I cannot accept and which I cannot ever hope
to induce India to accept'.
'Can we not agree,' Gandhi finally pleaded, 'to differ on the
question of 'two-nations' and yet solve the problem on the basis of
self-dertermination?'"00001111
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814
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OgªŠzòÃtZq-k'Z5ð|0[ìSkaŠzòÃtÅÃð¢zg]!*¹7ÆMy~ "Pathway to Pakistan" g„XSk!*[~‡Z+ZWƧ¯„z¿ÃKÆaaŠO~ÜZ²âyÅÂ[
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{`gì? Ska�ŠzòÃt°Z"',¤â~y~M!*ŠFñVÆ8þLpŠZgZŠe$»ÃtìXZ#J-tÃti0+{ìñ�Š{¸g]ÅuzŠ~M!*ŠÃð̸xSÏÃbÅ&45é ENEGŠ6,ZLaZµzíÆ”wÅ'.5é GEOÃ’q-ÅZzg’q-ÃZLMiZŠZzgpŠUgzíƪxÅãCŠ¯$ËìX eg0*õ‚w¸¸g]ÆZgÂVä¸g]Æ-Ä/gt)5002Y(6,à÷J
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'Ô**ñg!ígcgZxPgÍ;äZÌPgziŠúòHì�:"We are an evolving nation, we are 60 years young. We are yet to
find the correct political forms to cope with our growing
population." 11111111
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914
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ELIGЃD7˜VaZtßvøg~Ñà~ PßèeZw™ëÐZDwÆz{Z°§@*i{á¢8eT�XÐ0*ÎyÅ'Z5ð
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024
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Bgìz{i0+ϽZ¢VżA„ "absurd" ìXÇ0+SYÆÐ�ŠZ›gc*(+Zy¦§0*ÎyÃLL‡Zkóóc*LLƒŠ{óóc*~}gìX|tì�)ZDwZzg‡Z+ZWÅZIÃc*CgÉÜZzg„~uöÃŒ%ªÄ0*ÎyÆø»]zúZïÃŒ„7YYX‡Z+ZWÆóR,~£[Zd±äZKZôm,~"LL·Z»bXZq-(Ï_·óó~–ì�ŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyÅàg~ƇZ+ZWäQyйå�LL»lZDwM`i0+{ƒD!z{tYy™¹plƒD�ëä
21 !*Çz„HìTÅz{ëеgnpóóXÍZ/Î]ƇâÈMiZŠ„yÆ(Â{Q/Î?ÆZN!*]ÆMk0*k»iâ:‡Z+ZWÅ(Ï
i0+Ï»Z•ð!i¹ÿ NIiâ:åXSkÌŠzg~´)ZDwäZ•ðZ/#ÖÆ‚B‡Z+ZW»‚BŠc*XZkŠzg~ZDwZzg‡Z+ZWÅÈVZzg.VŒÛ"$Ŭ]eZˬÔ@Jß~ÅÂ[LLZDwÆMy~Šz‚wóó~Š@Y$Ë�Xtz{iâ:åZ#Šzgz4,Šq-ÐËZŠ!Z³c*(ÏÅY+$ÐZDwÅ¡c*!ÆaË™¬×ŒÛZgŠZŠ»�x(ÂZDwgU@*gÆfg)ZKSk'.5é GEO»ZÖg™D�LZ[÷~Oñ‡Z+ZWÅŠgZi„’,ç NÅ™¬H™,X~äZCuå™1ì1÷}‡Z+ZWÃZÌZCuå™**ìóXSÏiâä~Zq-áxH]1zxVZŒgZ−+Æ_Z{´)ZDwÆ;V=pÑñX
WÆŠzgZyZ#t¹ŠH�Z¤/‡Z+ZWÅOñZDwZsxÈyÅ(ϪŠ]»�Û9uZ�xŠ,»ôkÆ‚B›âVÆpÎZg©]‡ìƒMh�Xt!*]ZDwÃJ**ÍZg¦/g~XZ,VäØO��Ûâc*�LÜsZzgÜs·Z»b„›âVÆ7g�X~Qy»Zq-ZŠÌ3„ƒVóX@*gõá@ì�ZDwä@*gõÆSk**iuF,+Šzg~‡Z+ZWÆZq-zÊZg3„„»™ŠZguZ�xŠc*ìXz{ZKMy~‚÷J-‡Z+ZWÆ‚BZq-"yŧb‡ìgìX
Z#‡Z+ZWZ6,sÍZ/Τ~xVZ£c*g{yŠzm:Ôua@ZzgŠv-"54iï EGEH(+ZâVÐâ-kƒ™´)ZDwÆ0*kMñZzg(ÏæŠÔÅÂZDwälÙyZÈ¿~Mä»z°{HXSkñµ6,ZDwZzg‡Z+ZWÆŠgxy�WƒðQk~Ð Zq-ÎZwZzgZq-�Z[‡g&4è
JGEL™ZxÅ2+g™**oƒ¥xƒ@*ì:
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31 =ÜsúZxÅ把g»gìXóó ‡Z+ZW:‡Z+ZWÆSkúZxŠz„!í äZDwÅ„~ZzgÃc*CËð™zg™Š~Xz{pÙÐ7Õä FLOQ`:LL‰›y�Ëå
ŒVZ[%}gZiŠZVZzgÌ�óóXA$Ðá™ZLŠÄzZ¯J-ZDwä‡Z+ZWÅ(ÏZzgÃc*CgÃ‰Ü / ~Z³~
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
124
»hSkáyÐZŠZH�‡Z+ZWQ7ZCLLŠz„Ô…ZzggÉóóìÑXÎcx»Šx½äzZáH]1zåÐ
‡Z+ZWÆ(ÏŠz‡#ÖÐ{`gT¸ZzgYz"YZLZˆµ²~»ZÖg™DgT¸XZKZ$îÆM¸i~H]�ZCÙÑw1zäZ•ðgú-$Æ‚BZ´yHå�LLM`yz*y~ÜsŠz�Û&ñ�Š�XZ&++D»ôkZzg',¤â~Ó#ÖX!*¹Î)È�QyÃc*»ôkÅcz~™**7,}Ïc*',¤â~Ó#Ö»‚BŠbƒÇXóóSk6,‡Z+ZWäZ´y�Ûâc*�LLyz*y~Šz7É&�Û&�XD»ôkÔ',¤â~Ó#ÖZzg›yXë:»ôkÆÐ',ŠZg“Wûg
�Zzg:Ó#ÖÅ»AŒ™ä6,MâŠ{�Xøg~ZK¸ò0*ŒZzgøgZZC¸ò6,z¤/ZxìXóóH]1z‡Z+ÆSkÒy6,M9Ð!*CÙƒ‰ZzgZ,Vä‡Z+ZWÅfZ]Zzg›>CÙŠzÃ@½ƒ¯c*XH]1zÆSkiCÙYÒy6,´)ZDwäZq-îsZzgæÜÒyYg~HTÆ PL}&4øFG
IL}.#Ö�:
LL›»bM`›âVƃÐ(,}ZzgƒÐàm7g�X›»bÇÅŠ*~6,zZi™äÅOñ||ÃF,ߊï�X'H]1zÃtCÙ¦/id$7Šê�z{Sk!*]»ØgîDQ,�›»b›âVÆቊgZÆ!*Ñð6Ðmgnp�c*›
»bÛâVÆZ#kZzgÑiŠÏ»ÃðD7ìÔc*t�)H]1z(yzîVZzg›âVÅ7VúÒÏ™D�X~7؃V�HpŠH]1zyzîVÆá‰6Æ!*ÑðZzg!-.ðGOw6Ðm7gnp?Z#kZzgÈu»**xáá™7Òû ELƒ™äZzgâjÐâ�ƒði!*y~!*'™äмqÝ:ƒÇX¢zg]SkZ%Åì�›ëÃ"3Uç EEEL¸],6,3Yñ
44441111 '›âVŧsÐZ¤/Ë¿Ã!*]™ä»hqÝìÂz{Üs›»b�XóóZN!*]Æ}ò',MæƒD„H]1zä91âga73YÊ‹~Zq-MwZ&+c*D.šÂÅT~ZK
½k,ÆŠzgZyZ,VäSk!*]6,¹izgŠc*�›âVÃÃðëwªŠ]x7MðXOç›yM`QŠZkZzgªx�Xz{pŠÃLLÑzZg_KÑ�óóXOVpZ[Z&++D»ôk„›âVŪŠ]»�Ûnewg„ìXSÏ.š~Z!M!*Š~ÎœŠZ›geZË·ZÑsÅôZã~LL›gZ$�î E0úZxóóƪx»Z´yHŠHX´)ZDwä»ôkÅSkYgq:™äÅ7À.ïGLiZzgkµ/È~ÇZ+ZWÆ**xZLèo~8gZi~gnpƒñ7HìX‡Z+ZWäSk7À.ïGLi6,ws/ws¿™DƒñMwZ&+c*›.šÂHZzgQk.š~].ZÇ:›yèÃQY¤/™DƒñZsxÈyÆ].ZÇ:�RÔçÙZzg(Ï!í 6,ZÜZgHXSkiâä~ZDwäZL$n.ç EGL´ªZzgˆZiZV$n.ç EGL%v
ÐQJQJ™›>ÅgziZ‚ÛzV(Ïu¤/ñV~½7gz1XZDwÅ(ÏZzg�R}.â]ÃZkÐ(,ZyZ•dHƒÇ�ÍZ/Îe:ÅTðŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyàgƒðQÏáxуg~-ÄZDwŽâ]»M¸iƒZX½d$ƬZ°kÅœZg]c.çIGLXwahä�ÛâðZzgZLœZgC\~ŒÛZgŠZ›0*Îyá¾æ
ELZDwÅ«ŒÛZgŠc*XŠzu}Z°kÅœZg]
pŠ‡Z+ZWä�ÛâðZzgZLœZCÜ]~ŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyÃZDwÆ(ÏÅg»ZÚiIZc*ZzgZLœZgCÜ]~Z´y
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
224
�Ûâc*�:"If I live to see the ideal of a Muslim State being achieved in
India, and I were then offered to make a choice between the
works of Iqbal and rulership of the Muslim State, I would prefer
the former." 55551111
Šg`!*ÑSzV~!*!*ñ¸xÔ!*ëE00*ÎyÔ‡Z+ZW·Z»bä´)ZDwÆ‚BZKfZCZzgÃc*Cuö
»**‡&ÿELF,Šh+o]7™Šc*ìX�ÛâD��Z¤/0*Îy~íÐ0*ÎyÅxZãc*ZDwÆ„z+B5ÿGE
GO~ÐËZq-q»ZN[™äùŠHÂ~Ó#ÖghŠzVÇ1ZDwÆZ°gÐZCgCÙ¦/:ÂhzVÇX!*!*ñ¸xSk|Ðl!MÇ{¸�ZDwÆZ°§@*i{6,¿Æ%:0*Îyz�Š~MYìZzg:0*ÎyÅ'Z5ðuzŠÆZ0+gZq-˜È@*i{%ŠZgƒYìXZ\kœZ\k!‡Z+ZWÅgÔƈøg}xZy6ägCgC!*!*ñx»§„z¿F,u™Šc*XZK™Ïâo™äÅ{§ZDwÃghŠc*X³t�:™Ï¢og„Zzg:„0*Îy!
����°°°°$$$$ÕÕÕÕääää NNNNOOOOááááZZZZzzzzggggyyyyzzzzZZZZ••••IIII~~~~ÆÆÆÆ££££œœœœZZZZqqqq----����
L“3ïGELó]&½©-ö EYEG
Ô{l2$óÆ]Zt»[q-$IÅÂ[ŃÐ(,~p!ÅdÌë6,zZZ#
ìXi%æGLÃÂ[~H]�ZCÙÑw1zÆf‚zfzt»|Z�ÛziW~‹tÌ7HŠHìZzg',xÅ(„6,H]YÆ�°§„z¿ÆtZW,Z]ÃÌQY¤/HŠHìXSk!*[~Qy»ãCŠ~ÎZwtì�Z¤/H]1zzZ.�°ÂQZ,Väè<ت].ZÇ:›yèÅãCŠ6,yz*yÅ„YVJw™à¶?»[q-$IäSkÎZwÆ�Z[~‡Z+ZWÅŠ-‡#Ö,Æ‚tH]1zÆ%Ï:Zˆµ²~»&4èEGOEo]pŠH]1zÅZ£ôã~ÍZ/Î3:~−ňeZ],~ÐZ~.HìX-VCkƒ@*쉇Z+ZW»ìwMD„H]YÆŸzYV6,tz…
Å1�?ؤg~ƒYCìZzgz{pŠ~‡Z+ZWÅM\V~M@eZw™!*]™äÅÈ:0*™ågQ0��‡Z+ZWÐ�]Å{§Z¤/0*Îy»ªxàg™**7,}ÂÌ™¢8ec:
"Instinctively I think it is better to (give) Pakistan or almost
anything if only to keep Jinnah far away and not allow his
muddled and arrogant head from interfering continually in India's
progress."66661111
»[q-$IäH]1zÅSk‡&ÿELg3;CFg~»‹t™Dz‰ÜŠv(Ï!ígðÆZ~.™Š{}òÐ
�XÅH]1zÆ‚BZq-W»jZ!Šc*ŠH Leonard Moseley ÌZ.Š{HìXZ4(Ï!ígð~ÐZq-
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
324
ìXSkWÆŠzgZyH]YZ‹Zs™D��z{tB¸�„y¬gèU*"$ƒÏZzg!*ÆHy0*Îy»¸g]ÅÍŠ~M¤/**Ñixì:
"We expected that Partition would be temporary, that Pakistan
was bound to come back to us."77771111
H]1z»tZ‹Zs¹p&ì�Z,VäªÄ0*ÎyÃZq-Z$+~|ÅOñ Zq-¬gèZzgÃã|™™JwHåXH=ªÄ0*ÎyƯgUˆ0*ÎyЊ#»ªÔò6,¸g]ů`ÉZzgº[~YŠZ]
0*ÎyÃÀfe„ñ]Å’]Õä NŠ¶Å7À.ïGLi»áÄ:ƒX»[q-$IH]1zÃ0*ÎyÅSyZ’Zð)]zrT$»f)ŠZgIZD�:
"The Congress, led by Nehru, was the political party that agreed
to partition; then later as the occupant of the seat of authority, and
as the head of government of the day, he was clearly guilty of
failing totally in his duty of preventing the bloodshed of millions
of innocents. The fratricidal killing was of such unprecedented
dimensions that the blood that then soaked our land continues till
today to entrap Hindu-Muslim relations into congealed
animosities."88881111
YŠZ]Åf)ŠZg~»tçSkZ±gЛë6,FFì�Z~ÍZ/ÎU:~H]1zzik,ZWÔuŠZgb
zi%æGLŠZ¼ÔuŠZg£-Izi%æGLŠÃqZzgÑgeâî.$RÍg3,¾w¸XZðzZâyƪxZzgYyzâwÆDÅf)ŠZg~Z4ßÍV6,¬Z+ƒC¶XH]1zSyÆu',Z{¸XSyßÍVÃJ6g~ƬÝ~ªÄ0*Îy»_càg™D„µ
¶XMy~zZgÆîg6,Z,Vä0*ÎyÃLLÉ®ZzgŠ]pgŠ{óó0*Îy¯ä~Zl,~aK»izgΊc*åXHSy**Igu)¦Æ$øFL6,Š{tÑ»g�Ûâå�0*ÎyYŠZ]Æpy~ez[™g{YñZzg-VH]1zÅt7ÍðsU*"$ƒ�0*ÎyÅyz*y~ZiaçLâËq**¦/k,ì?HZZzg–qw1VЪÄ0*ÎyƯgUˆ0*Îyû™Š¶Åt
µ/È~›âVÆŠßVЦ§0*ÎyÃ"™Š¶Å7À.ïGLi¶?SyÎZÑ]6,g™,²£Ò5é NGì�»[q-$IZzgH]�ZCÙÑw1z'yz'œZzgZ&++D»ôk'Æ£œZq-�Ô 7À.ïGLi].ZÇ:ìX
~Zq-Z,yz*yňl~ Discovery of India H]1zŒÛZgŠZ›0*ÎyÆeg‚wˆZKÂ[u¤/ŠZVÃMD�TÅf!uuyz¿»NhìXq-$IÌZKi%æGLÃÂ[~',âÐZjjîyJ-#ƒðzWz²!ÆgzâãpZ[Æxƒ™g{Yä6,uZ0*z¢ýGLZÝ�Xz{…ªÄ0*Îy6,ZLŠw~bƒðrýLâ?Å
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
424
Y+$-Váz™D�:"The Indian subcontinent, from Burma to Afghanistan had almost
always been a natural 'common market' for the movement of goods
and people. Partition was not just a geographical and emotional
vivisection of this subcontinent, India in consequence clearly lost the
most; its land and its people; plus its political, cultural and social
unity was torn asunder, but then that was not of concern to the
Quaid-e-Azam."99991111
H]1zZzgq-$ICÙŠzÅP™{!*ÑÂ1VÆZzgZtÌz‰ÜQkŠ*yz*yÅLLƒÜuoMhóó6,**!zâ?ÅŠ!Š!<V_5é NEðŠî��',âÐZjjîyJ-Zq-zWz²!r~ÅVw7™g;åX1tÂŒÛzÈz«»¢~î GO
ìX-VCkƒ@*ì‰H]1zZzgq-$IÅf6‚|#6,ŠZ|#ŒÛzÈz«Å÷:ÅcîV~ƒðƒZzgz{ZØuÐá™Zzggd$J-ZzgQZzggd$Æ**ZIY6VÐá™Ñgeâî.$RJ-Å÷:Ã/g~]k~‡ìzŠZìgeTƒVX
Z¤/H]1zZzgq-$IZLŠârÐ÷:Æ"kÃïw™ZLät´ÅMiZŠ~ÔpŠUg~ZzgpŠZgZŠe$»Z$Zx™**JfeÂM`z{Zk§bÅ**!iãÐ�]0*Mh¸X-g\~Z'.5é GF],ÆI^YäÆË~æ
˜´MiZŠƒñ¸z{ZÍwZÍwZLät´ÐkBMiâgìX*Zzg�ÛZ÷~ÂgLñLuu~Úi¬]6,',ÎV(Yg~g�XQz{z‰ÜMàZ#tÚi¬]»™Æ-g\ÅÓx~Zq-Šzu}ÆŒÛd$MNZzggCgC-gà-2ÅÏ»ðâg–‡ìƒX',âÐZjjîyJ-“ƒñ8�î E
0Zgn6,M!*ŠZMiZŠZzgpŠUgògc*2V»z�ŠtK%ZðÔZ»sZzgMiZŠ~ÅcÅaZöZzg6,zgl**�]~ÐìXH]1zZzgq-$I].ZÇ:›y¸èÆÃtÃâ+ÐZkaZïg~��tÃtÜs0*Îy„Å7É',xyżŠŠzu~ñVÅÃc*CZ‚kÌì:
"Acceptance of partition on grounds of faith, particularly when that is
demanded on grounds of 'Muslims (being) a separate nation',
endlessly will continue to give birth to more destructive minoritism,
being politically contagious for India, tragically the birth of Pakistan
does not end this debate."00002222
»[q-$IäŠg`!*ÑTg~].ZÇ:›y¸èÆÃbÃZq-(ϼ~%nÐH
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
524
Zq-5Z˜bìX~].ZÇ:›yèƦgÃZKãMiZŠ~» Politically contagious ìX((]ÆD~šg&ƒVZzgSkÅãCŠ6,0*ÎyƪxÃÎë
E0/gÅ!*gl»ª¢{ŒÛZgŠêƒVXH]1zƒVc*q-$Ic*¸g]
ÅŠv(ϸ'ÔZy~ÐËä̪Ä0*ÎyÛwÐt7HXt¥Aè!*í„0*ÎyZzg¸g]ÆâÎÚkBz].w»!*)`Mg;ìX»[q-$Iä‡Z+ZW·Z»bÅ"3ïEGOGÃZK"3ïEGOGÆMNW~-VŠ¬ì:
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah was, to my mind, fundamentally in error
proposing 'Muslims as a separate nation', which is why he was so
profoundly wrong when he simultaneously spoke of 'lasting peace,
amity and accord with India after the emergence of Pakistan'; that
simply could not be."11112222
Šg`!*ÑTg~eêÅa^tZ´yHŠHì�H]1zÅ�°$Õä NOáZzgq-$IÅyzZ§áÔCÙŠzQkz‰ÜJ-…5ÿELkB6,a^ÎCg�ÏTz‰ÜJ-0*Îy].ZÇ:›yèÅÃc*CZ‚k6,‡ììX¸g]Њz4Å Zq-„Ñoì�0*ÎyZKÃc*CãCŠÃâx™Š}X0*ÎyÅõxZÑZBÂáh+ZkÑoÃJw™he6,MâŠ{ì1MiZŠ0*ÎyÆ2gúZxÆ4,Šq-:Z,ìwZ„zõwZ„z†V!
jjjjZZZZ!!!!YYYY]]]]
gzi**)eZyÔ™ZcÔ52XZ6,s0102Y 1XÔуgÔm881 Thoughts & Reflections of Iqbal 2XÔуgÔm6 Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah 2491YÔ 3X
Ôm063 Jinnah India-Partition Independence 4XZ$}é GEMMÔm063X193 5X»bZ�ŠÐ„Ô™763X 6X
Ôü-gEg;6,öÔm Bengal: The Nationalist Movement, 1876-1940, 4791YÔ 7X311X411
Ôm713 Jinnah India-Partition Independence 8XZ$}é GEMMÔm913 9XZ$}é GEMMÔm023 01X
ÊÊÊÊjjjjxxxxÚÚÚÚvvvvÛÛÛÛ‚‚‚‚ÚÚÚÚ××××ÔÔÔÔ qqqqßßßß^||||VVVV]]]]iiiivvvv^����‰‰‰‰1111iiiiÏÏÏÏŠŠŠŠnnnnÜÜÜÜiiiiÔÔÔÔ
624
Ôуg Daily Times, 18-12-2009 11XÔm32Ô™Zc Muhammad Ali Jinnah: A Political Study 21X
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Ôуg62âga0491Ym702 The Civil and Military Gazette 51XÔm505 Jinnah India-Partition Independence 61X Ôm582 The Last Days of British Raj 71XÔm305 Jinnah India-Partition Independence 81X
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Abstract
This is a review article on the book "Jinnah India-Participation
Independence" by Jaswant Singh, published in 2009. In this article
Jaswant Singh's ideas about Jinnah and the partition of the
sub-continent have been scholarly analyzed and refuted forcefully.
The reviewer has emphasized the enmity and odium against the
establishment of Pakistan reflected in the book and discusses the
facts and spirit of Pakistan Movement. He insists that Pakistan was
not an outcome of the "collected folly" as claimed by the author of
this book. Rather Pakistan is the realization of the conscious efforts
and dreams of millions of Muslims residing in the sub-continent.
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